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Christ Church Cathedral and Parish House

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Wisconsin, Eau Claire County, Eau Claire
Historic Building An excellent example of early twentieth century Neo-Gothic Church architecture. Designed by the Minneapolis firm of Purcell, Feick & Elmslie. Constructed over the period from 1910-1916.

Designated April Eighteen
Nineteen Hundred and Eighty-Four

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Salubria Changed the Future of the Potomac Valley

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Maryland, Prince George's County, Oxon Hill
The nature of agriculture along the Potomac changed thanks to the techniques Dr. John H. Bayne used to produce fresh fruit and vegetables for the nation’s capital. Bayne ceased fighting for Maryland slaveholders to be compensated for emancipation, but he continued to serve the public. He passed away in 1870, leaving his property to his wife and children, and his legacy to the people he served.

Maryland emancipation allowed African-descended people to live independently. Some, like Benjamin Addison, a newly freed man, moved with his free wife, Louisa Magruder, and their six children to Massachusetts. Others, like Augustus and Linly Berry and their children, remained in the Potomac Valley, forming communities such as Chapel Hill. They worked mostly as tenant farmers or servants. They worshiped openly at St. John’s Episcopal Church Broad Creek, or free Blacks established new congregations in the area. They married legally, learned to read and write, attended school, bought land, and voted.

Photo captions:

lower left: The ruins of “Want Water” mansion (1698-1700) still stand along the Potomac River. They are the Washington area’s oldest historic structure. From the ancient town of Broad Creek, Maryland, “Want Water” witnessed new towns and new peoples emerge in Alexandria, Georgetown and, today, Washington, DC.
Courtesy of the U.S. Park Service

upper left middle: ”Next to Salubria stands the ‘Butler House’, a farm owned by free Blacks in the early 1850s. It is still owned by the family today.”
Courtesy of Washington Post.

“Cows similar to those bred by colonial settlers are presented as a public attraction at the famed Accokeek Foundation along the Potomac”
Courtesy of Accokeek Foundation

lower right: “Schools for the children of freed slaves included one at the African American community of Chapel Hill in Prince George’s Potomac Valley.”
Courtesy of the Library of Congress

(African Americans • Agriculture • Notable Places • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

"Angola Horror"

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New York, Erie County, Angola
One of the worst train disasters occurred 600 ft. upstream on Dec 18, 1867. The last two cars of the Buffalo & Erie RR's 'New York Express' fell from the trestle, burned, and resulted in 50 deaths and over 100 injuries.

(Disasters • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 10 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Birthplace of the Grain Elevator

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New York, Erie County, Buffalo

In 1842, the world's first steam powered elevator to transfer and store grain opened on this site. Buffalo merchant, Joseph Dart, and machinist, Robert Dunbar, built the elevator following precedents set by Oliver Evans. Its basic principles are still used in elevators along Buffalo's waterfront.

(Agriculture • Industry & Commerce • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Landsman Riley Powers

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North Carolina, Buncombe County, Asheville
Early in 1861, Buncombe County farmer William Riley Powers joined the Rough and Ready Guards (Co. F, 14th North Carolina Infantry). The regiment was assigned to southeastern Virginia. There, Confederate Gen. Benjamin Huger discharged Pvts. Powers and William Pleasant Craig, also of Buncombe, ordering them “to go on board the Merrimack” on February 18, 1862.

Merrimack was an abandoned Union frigate that the Confederates raised, refitted with four-inch iron plates and a gun turret, and renamed CSS Virginia. Lacking qualified sailors, the Confederates transferred soldiers to the navy to man the vessel. Powers and Craig were given the rank of “landsman” as unskilled recruits and assigned the dirtiest, heaviest, and most menial tasks.

Virginia was poorly ventilated and very crowded. Surgeon Dinwiddie Phillips wrote, “Most of our crew being volunteers from the army and unused to ship-life, about twenty per cent of our men were usually ashore at the hospital, and our effective force on the 8th of March was about 250 or 260 men.”

On March 7-8, 1862, Virginia successfully engaged the Union warships Cumberland and Congress, part of the blocking force at Norfolk. The Federals however had also constructed an “ironclad” ship, USS Monitor. On March 9, Monitor engaged Virginia at Hampton Roads, the first battle ever between armored vessels, and fought to a draw. In May, to avoid capture, Virginia’s crew scuttled her. Powers had served with Virginia from launch to destruction. His subsequent service is not known. After the war, he returned to Buncombe County and is buried in the churchyard across the street (use crosswalks to the left and right).

(captions)
(upper center) Riley Powers, back row, second from the right, with Zebulon B. Vance to his right, at 1890 Confederate reunion - Courtesy North Carolina Collection, Pack Memorial Library, Asheville
(lower right) Battle between CSS Virginia and USS Monitor, Hampton Roads, Va., March 8, 1862 - Courtesy Library of Congress

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • War, US Civil • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Battle of Asheville

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North Carolina, Buncombe County, Asheville
On April 3, 1865, Union Col. Isaac M. Kirby left Tennessee with 900 men including his own 101st Ohio Infantry for “a scout in the direction of Asheville.” Three days later, local resident Nicholas Woodfin spotted the Federals on the Buncombe Turnpike (present-day Broadway Avenue) and rushed two miles to Asheville to sound the alarm. Union scout Lt. William H. Greenwood and his men captured “five rebels, a mule wagon, and team of mules. Greenwood told Kirby that the Confederates had “400 troops and six guns only” Confederate Col. George Clayton, commanding here, was under manned because Gen. James G. Martin was in pursuit of Union Col. George W. Kirk’s cavalry raiders with some of Clayton’s troops.

Clayton entrenched on Woodfin’s Ridge (now Lookout Mountain, up the trail to your left, where surviving earthworks can be seen), as well as east and north of Glen’s Creek and the Buncombe Turnpike (Broadway Avenue). He had 300 men, including Asheville’s “Silver Greys” home guard, a local fire company, two Napoleon cannons from Porters’s Battery, and 175 remaining members of Clayton’s 62nd North Carolina Infantry (after Gen. Robert E. Lee’s surrender on April 9, 1965, the men returned home without taking the oath of allegiance required by Federal authorities). Other defenders included convalescing soldiers, a 14-year-old boy, and a 70-year-old Baptist preacher. At about 3 p.m., the Confederates opened fire on the approaching Federals, and for several hours, the forces shot at each other with little result. The intense fire let Kirby to order “the withdrawal of the brigade at 8 p.m. In my opinion General Martin had under his immediate command at Asheville not less than 1000 men and six guns,” contrary to Greenwood’s estimate. Kirby retreated to Tennessee, abandoning cannons, bayonets, and other equipment. No one on either side was killed, and only two to four were wounded. After the battle the Confederates found “one leg in a boot” at the deserted Union position.

(captions)
(lower left) Nicholas Woodfin Courtesy North Carolina Collection, Pack Memorial Library, Asheville
(uper center) Reenactors on the confederate earthworks - Courtesy North Carolina Collection, Pack Memorial Library, Asheville
(lower right) Union cavalry attack a Confederate wagon train - Courtesy Library of Congress

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Parks IOOF Cemetery

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Indiana, Marshall County, Bourbon


Parks IOOF Cemetery
Established 1860


A Historic Cemetery Listed in Indiana's Cemetery and Burial Grounds Registry of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources

Installed 2012 Indiana Historical Bureau and LaPaz Lions Club, Bourbon Township Trustee

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Hindel Cemetery

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Indiana, Marshall County, near Plymouth


Hindel Cemetery
Established 1849


A Historic Cemetery Listed in Indiana's Cemetery and Burial Grounds Registry of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources

Installed 2012 Indiana Historical Bureau and LaPaz Lions Club, Center Township Trustee

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Highland Cemetery

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Indiana, Kosciusko County, near Atwood


Highland Cemetery
Established 1861


A Historic Cemetery Listed in Indiana's Cemetery and Burial Grounds Registry of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources

Installed 2011 Indiana Historical Bureau and Harrison Township

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

General Robert Patterson Kennedy

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Ohio, Logan County, Bellefontaine
Distinguished citizen, legislator, public servant, and historian born in Bellefontaine, January 23, 1840. A Civil War hero, he was promoted to brigadier general at only 25 years of age. Admitted to the bar in 1866, he practiced in Bellefontaine until 1878 when President Hayes appointed him Collector of Internal Revenue. He was then elected Lieutenant Governor of Ohio in 1885 then served two terms in Congress from 1887 to 1891. Following the Spanish-American War, he was appointed by President McKinley to serve as head of the Insular Commission to establish the new government of Puerto Rico. In 1903 Kennedy published Historical Review of Logan County. Kennedy started the Bellefontaine Tree Commission. Gen. Kennedy’s home was on this site and later served as the Bellefontaine City Building. General Kennedy died on May 6, 1918.

(Politics • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Gen. William J. Palmer

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North Carolina, Buncombe County, Fairview
(preface)
On March 24, 1865, Union Gen. George Stoneman led 6,000 cavalrymen from Tennessee into southwestern Virginia and western North Carolina to disrupt the Confederate supply line by destroying sections of the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad, the North Carolina Railroad, and the Piedmont Railroad. He struck at Boone on March 28, headed into Virginia on April 2, and returned to North Carolina a week later. Stoneman’s Raid ended at Asheville on April 26, the day that Confederate Gen. Joseph E. Johnson surrendered to Union Gen. William T. Sherman near Durham.

(main text)
Col. William J. Palmer, commanding one of Gen. George Stoneman’s brigades (about 1,300 cavalrymen of the 15th Pennsylvania, 12th Ohio, and 10th Michigan Regiments), made his headquarters here at Sherrill’s Inn on April 27, 1865. The Sherrill family fed officers, and one of the daughters is said to have shaken her stocking over the eggs as they cooked and declared, “Those Yankees can eat the dust off my feet and think it’s pepper.”

Palmer was brevetted (temporarily promoted) to brigadier general, probably while at Sherrill’s Inn. The promotion gave him the command of two brigades already in Asheville that had participated in pillaging there on April 26. A “Quaker warrior,” Palmer had joined the army as a way to express his abolitionist views. He was later awarded the Medal of Honor for his role in defeating a larger Confederate force at Red Hill, Alabama, on January 14, 1865, “without losing a man.”

According to tradition, an “underground railroad” operated here and ran through Hickory Nut Gap. Local residents helped Union sympathizers, slaves, and Federal soldiers escaping from prisons in Columbia, South Carolina, and Salisbury, North Carolina, to travel to Union-controlled Tennessee.

Our march today was through the grandest scenery we have looked on during our term of service. We went up through the Hickory Nut Gap in the mountains, along the Broad River, up to its source. Towering above us, almost to the clouds, were the precipitous crags of the Hickory Mountains, and at High Falls the water drops 300 feet from the summit. It was so imposing that the usual chat of the riders was hushed, as they gazed with awe on the sight. As we rode along we plucked the fragrant Magnolia from the forest trees, and the wish of all was to stay longer with it, but that could not be done, and we went on up to the top, where plenty of forage was found. — Capt. Harry Weand, 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry

(captions)
(lower left) Gen. William J. Palmer Courtesy Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum
(upper right) Mural by Elizabeth Cramer McClure shows Stoneman's raiders in Hickory Nut Gap. Photography by Ken Abbot

(Abolition & Underground RR • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Herschell-Spillman Steam Boiler

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New York, Niagara County, North Tonawanda
In 1872 the Armitage-Herschell Company established itself as an iron foundry in North Tonawanda. The Armitage-Herschell foundry forged iron farm equipment, storm sewer grates, and many other implements. Among the others, was the steam boiler which propelled many of the farm machines.

When Allan Herschell discovered an early carrousel in New York City, propelled by a steam boiler like the one he was manufacturing, he decided to start a carousel manufacturing business. Lumber was plentiful, German wood carvers lived in North Tonawanda, and rail and water transportation were nearby to ship out the finished product. In 1883 the first "Steam Riding Gallery" was shipped from the factory.

Disastrous real estate investments marked the demise of the Armitage-Herschell Company in the early 1900's. The assets of the Company were sold to the Herschell-Spillman Company which continued the production of steam operated carrousels and went on to become the world's largest producers of amusement rides of all kinds.

The following excerpt from an early company catalog describes the steam boiler pictured here: "The boiler and engine which we use to drive these machines (carrousels) are of a portable type, and the most convenient ever produced for this purpose. The boiler is 30 inches in diameter, 45 inches high, has 50 two-inch tubes, is stay bolted around the fire box, reinforced at the openings where steam pipes are attached, has a hand-hole that enables the crown sheet to be easily cleaned. The boiler is mounted upon good strong axles and springs, which in turn, are supported by the latest and most approved wide-tired iron wheels...The engine is a fine, newly designed, double engine, with two cylinders, two connecting rods, and a double-throw crank shaft...There is no part of the engine that is not adjustable."

Inside the museum is a video of the steam boiler powering a 1905 Herchell-Spillman Steam Riding Gallery at Prairie Village in Madison, South Dakota.

This steam boiler has been donated to the museum by The Baird Foundation.

(Entertainment • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Once Around is Never Enough

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New York, Niagara County, North Tonawanda

Carousels and Rides Made Here
Over 3,000 hand-carved wooden carousels were made in this factory. Portable carousels were set up at carnivals around the country and stationary units were the main attraction at many early 1900s resorts. Many other rides were also made here that entertained adults and kids in the parks that were forerunners of the amusement parks and thrill rides of today.

The Allan Herschell Company
Allan Herschell, a Scottish immigrant, built machinery and boilers until he saw a carousel on a trip to New York City. He began building carousels and by 1915 when he bought this factory he was the most productive builder of carousels in America. The factory employed up to 75 skilled carvers and had a roundhouse where carousels were assembled and tested.

Herschell Horses
Simple yet elegant, the horses were designed to travel, being sturdy, easily maintained, and durable. The original carousels were a thrill ride for adults only.

Menagerie
Not only horses but a menagerie of creatures graced the carousels, including giraffes, kangaroos, and this hop-toad.

Kiddieland
The factory expanded its line into carousels for kids, and began to produce many other types of carnival rides.

Thrill Rides
The factory introduced adult thrill rides such as the Twister, the Hurricane, and the Skywheel, a 90' tall ferris wheel.

Aluminum and Steel
Under the ownership of John Wendler in the 1930s wooden horses were replaced with aluminum, and steel bodied cars were made for whirling rides and bumper cars.

North Tonawanda Factory Timeline
1997 Allan Herschell Company sold by Chance Manufacturing to the Carousel Society of the Niagara Frontier and returns to North Tonawanda.
1983 Allan Herschell factory building becomes the Herschell Carrousel Factory Museum.
1970 Allan Herschell Company sold to Chance Manufacturing and moved to Wichita, Kansas.
1953 Allan Herschell Company sold to Weisner/Rapp, soon after moved to 1165 Clinton Street, Buffalo, NY. The company will later change hands again and be owned by Lisk-Savory.
1945 Allan Herschell Company purchases Spillman Engineering becoming the world's largest producer of amusement park rides.
1927 Allan Herschell dies. Company begins to add cast aluminum legs to its wooden horses. 1923 Allan Herschell retires. A group led by John Wender, a long time employee now heads the company.
1919 Herschell-Spillman Company changes its name to Spillman Engineering Corporation to avoid confusion the the new Allan Herschell Company.
1915 Allan Herschell Company forms at this location.
1913 Allan Herschell retires from the Herschell-Spillman Company. 1900 Herschell-Spillman Company forms. This is a joint venture between Allan Herschell and his brother-in law Edward Spillman.
1899 Armitage Herschell Company declares bankruptcy.
1872 Armitage-Herschell Company forms and begins making steam engines, gears, machinery. Eleven years later they make their first steam riding gallery (Carousel).
1851 Allan Herschell was born in Arbreath, Forfarshire, Scotland.
Cultural Heritage. A thrill ride industry was born on the Seaway Trail. Seaway Trail, Inc. Corner Ray & West Main St., Sackets Harbor, NY 13685. www.seawaytrail.com . America's Byways. This exhibit made possible by a grant from FHWA to Seaway Trail, Inc.

(Entertainment • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 19 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mary Hosford

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New York, Wyoming County, Warsaw
Mary Hosford, graduating from Oberlin College in 1841, was the first woman ever to receive an A. B. Degree.

(Education) Includes location, directions, 15 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Robert Pike Homestead

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Massachusetts, Essex County, Salisbury
near by stood the house built in 1639 by robert pike, a leader in civil and military affairs who represented salisbury for thirty-seven years in the general court.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, GPS coordinates, map.

Birthplace of Melvil Dewey

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New York, Jefferson County, Adams Center
Librarian And Educator Creator Of The Dewey Decimal System

(Arts, Letters, Music • Education • Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Our Men Who Made the Supreme Sacrifice

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New York, Erie County, Lancaster
1917 Honor Roll 1919 Our Men who made the Supreme Sacrifice

(War, World I) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lancaster, NY War Memorial

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New York, Erie County, Lancaster
V.F.W. 7275 Lancaster, NY World War II dead. World War I dead. Korea. Vietnam. This memorial is to honor the Commitment of the dedicated people who serve and have served in the armed forces of the United States.

(War, Korean • War, Vietnam • War, World I • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Site of Moffat's Tannery

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New York, Erie County, Alden
Earliest big industry in Alden from the 1850's to the early 1900's. Local and foreign hides tanned for upper leather. Hemlock bark from nearby forests hauled in by horse and wagon, used in the process. The large building spanned Tannery Creek.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Grace Goodhue Coolidge

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Vermont, Chittenden County, Burlington
On Oct. 4, 1905, at 2:30 p.m. in front of the bay window in the parlor of this house, Grace Goodhue married Calvin Coolidge of Plymouth Notch, VT. Calvin Coolidge became President of the United States and Grace served as First lady from 1923-1929. Built in 1899, the house at 312 Maple Street was the family home of Capt. Andrew Goodhue, his wife Lemira, and their only child Grace Anna. Capt. Goodhue was federal steamboat inspector for the Lake Champlain Transport Co. The Goodhue family moved here while Grace was a student at the University of Vermont. Grace was a founding member of the VT Chapter of Pi Beta Phi, the first national college fraternity for women. The house was restored in 1993 by Champlain College.

(Notable Persons • Politics) Includes location, directions, GPS coordinates, map.
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