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Maplewood Cemetery

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Tennessee, Giles County, Pulaski
In 1854, the City Board of Mayor and Aldermen of Pulaski recognized the need for an additional cemetery. The initial purchase of what is now Maplewood Cemetery was approximately seven acres. The first lots were sold in 1855. This original design of what was named “New Pulaski Cemetery,” shows the names of the original purchasers of lots. Transfers have taken place over the years. According to the best records available, the first person to be buried here was Robert H. Watkins.

The eastern section of the “New Pulaski Cemetery” was designated as “Potter’s Field”, and indigents and unknowns were given a dignified internment there.

The City Board controlled this property until 1856 when an Act of the Tennessee General Assembly was passed and a charter for a corporation granted. A Board of Trustees was appointed by the City Board to manage the affairs of the cemetery. Oversight continued with Trustees for 139 years until in 1995 the ownership of the cemetery was transferred back to the City of Pulaski.

In 1880 it was suggested that a more attractive name should be given to this “Silent City,” The Board of Trustees appointed a committee and suggestions for a new name were made through the columns of the Pulaski Citizen. The name, Maplewood, was suggested by Mrs. John A. Jackson. It was accepted and the cemetery was formally re-named.

More land has been added over the years, the first of which was six acres on the south side, added in 1878, including a specific area for burial of “Negro citizens.”

Times of turmoil are represented by the graves of those who fought in the Civil War, two World Wars, Korea and Vietnam.

This place reflects the history of Pulaski and Giles County as the rich and poor, prominent and unknown, rest in graves marked by unique and beautiful statuary or simple ground stones.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Thomas McKissack Jones

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Tennessee, Giles County, Pulaski
Thomas Jones was born in Peron County, North Carolina on December 12, 1816 and moved to Giles County with his family in 1817. Jones received his early education at Wurtemburg Academy and studied at the University of Alabama and University of Virginia. He returned to Pulaski in 1835 and studied law in the offices of Flournoy and Rivers.

With the outbreak of the Seminole War, Jones raised a large company of volunteers called the “Pulaski Hyenas”, which became Company A of the First Tennessee Mounted Men. He rose to the rank of Captain and led his troops in the battles of Lost Creek, Wahoo Swamp and Withlocoochee.

After the war, Jones obtained a license to practice law and formed a partnership with John W. Goode. Jones served as the Mayor of Pulaski from 1842-1843 and 1851 and as Recorder in 1841. In 1845 he was elected to the Tennessee General Assembly for one term and in 1847 was elected to the Tennessee State Senate. Jones was elected and served in the first session of the Confederate Congress but did not seek re-election, preferring to return to Pulaski. When federal troops captured Pulaski, Jones was taken prisoner but was paroled by Military Governor Andrew Johnson.

After the Civil War, Jones resumed his law practice and pursued business interests. He held several judiciary appointments including a special appointment to the Tennessee Supreme Court. Jones was a Democrat and served as a delegate to four Democratic National Conventions and represented Giles County in the 1870 Tennessee Constitutional Convention. Judge Thomas M. Jones died on March 13, 1892.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Politics • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

General John Calvin Brown

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Tennessee, Giles County, Pulaski
John Calvin Brown was born on Giles County, Tennessee on January 6, 1827. He was one of nine children born to Duncan and Margaret Brown and the brother of Neill S. Brown, Governor of Tennessee (1847-1849). A graduate of Jackson College in Columbia, Brown returned to Pulaski and taught “a couple of sessions” at Wortemburg Academy in 1846. When the Civil War began, he was a successful lawyer, active in conservative Whig-Unionist politics. In 1860, he was part of the electoral college, then went on a long trip to Europe.

Once he heard about the conflicts in his own state, he returned to enlist in the Confederate army as a private. Became colonel of the 3rd Tennessee Infantry, but was captured in the fall of Fort Donelson. After being exchanged, he was appointed a brigadier general on August 30, 1862. Assigned to the Army of Tennessee, he fought and was wounded at the Battle of Perryville. Brown took part in the Tullahoma Campaign, the Battles of Stone’s River and Chickamauga and the siege of Chattanooga. After a short period of duty in Georgia, he was promoted to major general on August 4, 1864. Upon his return to Tennessee, he fought in the Battle of Franklin. The losses among his troops were staggering, and Brown himself was so badly injured he was never able to return to combat duty. In respect to duty, he joined the Army of Tennessee in its surrender in North Carolina a month later. After the war ended, Brown returned to his law practice, and was elected Governor of Tennessee twice (1870, 1872). He became president of a railroad company and a coal and iron company. Brown died on August 17, 1889, in Red Boiling Springs, Tennessee.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Politics • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

General John Adams, CSA

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Tennessee, Giles County, Pulaski
Adams was born on July 1, 1825, in Nashville, Tennessee, of Irish immigrant parents. Having entered the U.S. Military Academy in 1841, he graduated 25th in his class and was commissioned 2nd lieutenant in the 1st Dragoons/U.S. Regular Army. He served under Captain Philip Kearny in the Mexican War. Brevetted in 1848 for gallantry and meritorious conduct at the Battle of Santa Cruz de Rosales, he was commissioned 1st lieutenant in 1851 and promoted to captain in 1856.

Adams spent the next five years at Fort Crook, California, on frontier duty, except for two years as a recruiting officer. He resigned in 1861, then went to Tennessee to enlist in the Confederate army. As a captain of cavalry, he was placed in command at Memphis, advancing to the rank of colonel by May of 1862 and then brigadier general by December of that year. Adams took over Brigadier General Lloyd Tilghman’s command of the Mississippi infantry brigade after Tilghman’s death in 1863. During the campaign to relieve Vicksburg, Adams served under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, later joining Lieutenant General Leonidas Polk in Mississippi. Adams was transferred to the Army of Tennessee, and his brigade served during most of General John B. Hood’s campaign to push Major General William T. Sherman north after the fall of Atlanta. Receiving commendation for his brave service, Adams continued with General Hood during the Franklin and Nashville Campaign, and served briefly under Major General Nathan B. Forrest.

Adams was killed in the Battle of Franklin on November 30, 1864, while leading his regiment in a forceful but unsuccessful attack on Union forces.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Why Green Bay?

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Wisconsin, Door County, near Fish Creek
When spring burst forth, voyageurs paddled from Montreal, Canada to trade at outposts on the Great Lakes. After the long, white northern winter, they welcomed the green of spring found upon reaching Green Bay. Voyagers identified places by natural features, and, thus called this spot "Green" Bay.

Early accounts tell of abundant fish populations and clear waters. Huge flocks of waterfowl and large marshes point to excellent water quality in the 1600s and 1700s. By the late 1800s human development began causing changes in the water.

(Exploration • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Shorelines and Sedge Meadows

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Wisconsin, Door County, near Fish Creek
Peninsula's eight-mile shoreline is ever changing. Some years, a soggy cobblestone coast cradles sparse populations of unusual flowers. When water is high, crayfish thrive in crevices of the rocky coast, providing food for abundant smallmouth bass.

Here at Weborg Marsh, a wet "sedge" meadow adds more diversity. Sandhill cranes feed on snails and cattail tubers that live between clumps of tussock sedge. American redstarts nest in the brush along the wetland's edge. Nearby, shallow water provides spawning habitat for northern pike and yellow perch. The same resources that help wildlife survive today helped people survive long ago.

On the sedge meadow's eastern horizon stands a thick forest of cedar and spruce trees. It is part of 30-acre White Cedar Forest State National Area, established in 1952. Can you distinguish several tree-lined terraces? They mark abandoned beaches formed thousands of years ago by changing water levels in the Lake Michigan basin.

Increase Claflin and his kin settled here in 1842, pioneers in a changing land. A Claflin daughter married a Thorpe, forever connecting the two families. Asa Thorpe built the first pier in Fish Creek. The Thorpe-Claflin Cemetery lies at the edge of Weborg Marsh.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Settlements & Settlers • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

By King’s Command

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West Virginia, Grant County, near Mt. Storm
The proclamation of George III, King of England, in 1763 ordered settlement west of these mountains to stop. The early treaties between the English and the Six Nations accepted this range as the dividing line between them.

(Colonial Era • Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fort Ogden

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West Virginia, Grant County, Mt. Storm
Frontier defense, including blockhouse, stockade, and cabins. Part of the chain of forts established by George Washington about 1755. Point of refuge for the Bowmans, Lees, Logsdons and many pioneer families.

(Forts, Castles) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Colonial Army Rendezvous

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West Virginia, Greenbrier County, Lewisburg


Here at Fort Union, built in 1770, a frontier army of 1100 men assembled in 1774 under command of Gen. Andrew Lewis. On Sept. 12, the army began a march through 160 miles of trackless wilderness to the mouth of the Kanawha River and defeated Cornstalk, gallant Shawnee Chief, and his warriors in the bloody Battle of Point Pleasant Oct. 10, 1774. The cabin home of Matthew Arbuckle famous pioneer scout who led the army, stood nearby.

(Colonial Era • Forts, Castles • Native Americans • Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Tribute to Men of the Mountains

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West Virginia, Greenbrier County, Lewisburg


"Leave me but a banner to plant upon the mountains of Augusta and I will rally around me the men who will lift our bleeding country from the dust, and set her free."
....Washington
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Gen. Andrew Lewis
General Andrew Lewis surveyed in this valley in 1751 and promoted settlement. In September, 1774, he organized his army here at Camp Union, and marched to Point Pleasant, where he defeated the Indians under Cornstalk in the first battle of the Revolution. For the Lewises this town was named.
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Col. John Stuart
Father and Founder of Greenbrier County
Due to his commanding service as soldier, educator and organizer the Virginia Assembly created this county March 1, 1778
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Gallant officer in the army of General Lewis at the Battle of Point Pleasant, he said: "This battle was, in fact, the beginning of the Revolutionary War that obtained for our country the liberty and independence enjoyed by the United States."
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Fort Savannah
Survey and settlement of these "Big Levels" began in 1751 and Fort Greenbrier was built in 1755. Fort Savannah was built at this spot in 1770. The settlement, later called Lewisburg, became in 1782 the third incorporated town in what is now West Virginia.

(Colonial Era • Patriots & Patriotism • Settlements & Settlers • Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Sam Davis Capture Site

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Tennessee, Giles County, Minor HIll
On Nov 20, 1863, scout Sam Davis stopped here while carrying dispatches to Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg. According to local tradition, he was asleep under a plum tree when two members of the 7th Kansas Cavalry, disguised as Confederates, arrested and searched him. They found newspapers, maps, detailed descriptions of Federal fortifications, and other suspicious items in his boot and saddle seat. Taken to Union headquarters in Pulaski and charged with spying, Davis was tried, convicted, and sentenced to death within a week. Union Gen. Grenville M. Dodge promised Davis a pardon if he would reveal either the source of the papers or the location of the chief of Bragg’s scouts, Capt. E. Coleman (actually Capt. Henry B. Shaw, who was in jail with Davis at that time). Davis refused, saying, “If I had a thousand lives to live, I would give them all rather than betray a friend or the confidence of my informer.” He was hanged Friday morning, November 27.

Confederate veteran James C. Braley and his wife, Sarah, lived near the capture site. Mrs. Braley kept a hand-drawn map that showed the Lamb’s Ferry Road and an old plum stump. After the land was sold, the new owner dug up the stump, but Mrs. Braley had no trouble locating the spot. Civic leader William C. Vaughan and the citizens of Minor Hill raised $250, matched by the state government, for a permanent monument on the site. Approximately 2,500 persons attended dedication ceremonies on July 22, 1926. Governor Austin Peay appealed to the young people to be loyal to their country and true to their friends, and Mrs. Braley pulled the cord to release the drapery covering the monument.

(captions)
(upper left) Sam Davis Giles County Historical Society
(lower center) Gen. Greenville M. Dodge Courtesy Library of Congress
(upper center) Coleman’s Scouts reunion, Nashville, 1866, with Sam Davis's brother John standing in center with Capt. Henry B. Shaw (“Coleman”) seated in front of him Courtesy Tennessee Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans
(upper right) Giles County Courthouse, ca. 1863-1864, showing Union troops in formation Courtesy United Daughters of the Confederacy

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Industry on Half Moon Lake

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Wisconsin, Eau Claire County, Eau Claire

   Half Moon Lake has been used as an industrial site since 1850 when white settlement began in Eau Claire. The lake's crescent shape and drainage formed a natural holding pond for logs and between 1867 and 1884 seven logging companies located along its shores. A devastating flood in 1884 put many out of business and by 1900 the lumber supply of the Chippewa Valley had proved exhaustible.

   The Kaiser Lumber Company ➀, located on 16 acres at the south end of the lake, was the last lumber era industry in Eau Claire. It produced beverage cases and wire-bound wooden boxes for meat packing houses and appliance manufacturers such as Kohler and Maytag. When Kaiser closed its doors in 1939, the C.S. Van Gorden & Son Boat Factory ➁ opened in the former box factory. Recognizing the opportunities for tourism in northern Wisconsin, the company manufactured several car top models of lightweight plywood boats and used Half Moon Lake to test and display their craft. The Van Gorden Company later produced plywood pre-fab homes.

   South of the Kaiser Lumber Company, along the shores of the river, were the barns which housed the streetcars of the Chippewa Valley Electric Railway Company ➂. To the north lay the Phoenix Furniture Company ➃, which specialized in bank and office interiors and also the lakeside warehouse of the Eau Claire Ice Company ➄. Each winter during the annual ice harvest employees of the ice company, owned by John Kelly, cut slabs of ice from the lake and loaded them onto a conveyor belt to be stored in sawdust in the ice houses. Ice deliveries to Eau Claire homes and businesses were made until the 1950's.

Sponsored by:
The Jeffery and Helen Benrud Family

(Industry & Commerce • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Town of Niagara Civil War Memorial

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New York, Niagara County, Niagara Falls

(panel 1)
10th New York Cavalry
Lt. Edward S. Hawes killed at Upperville, Va. June 21, 1863
John Barr killed at Sulphur Springs, Va. Aug. 1862
Robert Burns wounded at Brandy Station, Va. Died Niag. Falls 1867
Sylvester Cesbrough died at Washington, D.C.
Alfus Coffeen died at Washington, D.C.
Matthew Donnelly died at Andersonville Prison 1864
James Kairns killed at Brandy Station, Va. June 9, 1863
Henry Pletcher died at Niagara Falls Dec. 3, 1861
Joseph Troutman died at City Point, Va. Oct. 3, 1864
Luther H. Graves - McC. Ill. Cav. died July 1862
Capt. Alexander McLaughlin - 96th N.Y. Inf. wounded at Chapin's Farm, Va. Died Sept. 28, 1871
Capt. Peter Mitchell - 78th N.Y. Inf. Killed at Antietam, Md. Dec. 13, 1862

(panel 2)
Sgt. George P. Allen - 44th N.Y. Inf. Died at Fort Monroe - April 1862
Joel G. Childs - 45th Illinois Inf. Wounded at Shiloh. Died - May 9, 1862
Daniel Cohn - 11th Vermont Inf. Died at Alexandria, Va. - March 6, 1865
Byron A. Ford - 37th N.Y. Inf Killed at Williamsburg, Va. - May 5, 1862
Philip Frankhauser - 14 Ohio Inf. Killed at Raleigh, N.C. - March 1863
Gardner B. Hibbard - 10th Mass. Inf. Died at Wash. D.C. - Oct. 11, 1861
Philip Matthias - 2nd N.Y.M. Rifles drowned in James River - April 14, 1865
James McAffee - 12th Penna. Cav. Killed at Charlestown, Va. - July 28, 1861
Edward McManus - 105th N.Y. Inf. Killed at Fredericksburg, Va. - Dec. 13, 1862
David Peggs - 23rd N.Y. Cav. Killed at Newbern, N.C. - Feb. 12, 1864
Martin H. Wagner - 2nd N.Y.M. Rifles wounded at Five Forks - Died April 1865

(base)
Chas. R. Haight, 28th N.Y.V. Killed at Cedar Mountain, Va., AUG. 9, 1862.
Geo. F. Atwood. Died at Alexandria, Va. April 29, 1862.
William J. Reid, 14th H.A. died at Andersonville, Ga. 1864.
Joseph S Curry, U.S.A. Died 1864.
Wm. Werth, died at Saulsbury Prison, N.C. 1864.

(panel 3)
8th New York Heavy Artillery
Colonel Peter A. Porter killed at Cold Harbor, Va. June 3, 1864
Lt. Ashley P. Hawkins wounded at Cold Harbor. Died Niag. Falls 1868
Sgt. Harrison Ingalls died at Salisbury Prison, S.C. Feb 10, 1865
Richard Faulkner died at Salisbury Prison, S.C. Dec. 15, 1864
Edward Brainard killed at Hatcher's Run, Va. Oct. 27, 1864
Hugh Duffy killed at Hatcher's Run, Va. Oct. 27, 1864
Samuel R. Leuppie died at Niagara Falls, Oct. 10, 1864
Jefferson White died at Salisbury Prison, S.C. Jan 3, 1865
28th New York Infantry
Sgt. Edward H. Lampshier died at Baltimore Md. Nov. 19, 1861
Corp. Lewis Bapp died at Baltimore, Md. Jan 7, 1862
Michael Kilberer killed at Cedar Mountain, Va. Aug 9, 1862
Martin McMahon killed at Cedar Mountain, Va. Aug. 9, 1862

(base)
Lieut. Henry R. Swan, 8th N.Y.H.A. Died on march to Petersburgh, Va.
Wm. A. Brown, 8th N.Y.H.A. Killed at Cold Harbor. June 3, 1864.
John A. Robinson 10th N.Y.C. died May 16th 1888
Andrew Pruester 12th N.Y.C. killed at New Bern, N.C.
James Smith, 96 N.Y.C. died June, 1864.
Patrick oice, U.S.A. died 1864.
Chas. Werth killed before Petersburg, Va. July 16, 1864.
Daniel Steuber 151st N.Y.V. died Jan, 11, 1874.

(panel 4)
151st New York Infantry
James Glifford died at Dansville Prison, Va. Sept. 1864
Lewis Crout killed at Brandy Station, Va. April 19, 1864
John Maronel killed at Locust Grove, Va. Nov. 27, 1863
Zebulon S. Parsons killed at Monacay Junction, Md. July 9, 1864
Amos Smith died at Bailtimore, Md. March 1864
George W. Tillapaugh died June 21, 1864
Benjamine Udall died at Culpepper, Va. Oct. 1864
76th New York Infantry
Jacob Kilberer killed at Opequan, Va. Sept. 19, 1864
William H. Pierson died at Andersonville Prison, Ga. June 1863
Christian Weaver wounded at Petersburg, Va. Died Buffalo July 23, 1864
Jacob Willig - Battery I, 1st N.Y. Art. died at Niagara Falls 1869

(base)
Marvin W. Bartholomew, 151st N.Y.V. Died at Libby Prison, Va. Sept. 24, 1863.
Albert J. Hackstaff, 14th N.Y.C. Killed before Petersburgh July 1861.
Lieut. Justin P.[?] Ware 28th N.Y.V. died Dec. 25th 1891.
Lieut. Theodore P. Gould Co I 28th N.Y.V. died May 20th 1886.
George W. Schwartz, Mass. V. died Oct. 31st, 1883.
James O'Neil, 18th U.S.I. killed at Murfreesborough Dec'r 31, 1862.
Thos. Ken Knight, 14th U.S.I. killed at Battle of the Wilderness, May 5, 1864.
Joseph Gross, 151st N.Y.V. died at Andersonville Prison Sept. 1864.
Hiram Passage, Co. G.2.N.Y. Mounted Rifles killed at Pittsburgh Landing, Va. June 7, 1864
George Davy 28th N.Y.V. died March 26th 1884.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 12 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Dinner Key

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Florida, Miami-Dade County, Miami
Picnikers in sailboat days gave the key its name. In World War I, it was a Naval air base. In 1930, Pan American World Airways here inaugurated flying boat service to Latin America, erecting huge hangars and a terminal. The U.S. Government dredged first channel in history especially for aircraft. Over 100,000 visitors a month came to see the giant Flying Clippers.

Coast Guard established seaplane base in 1932. In World War II, Navy and Pan American operated flying boats here until Latin American airports built for hemispheric defense enabled use of more economical landplanes. City of Miami purchased key in 1946.

(Air & Space • War, World I • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Housekeepers Club

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Florida, Miami-Dade County, Miami
On Thursday afternoon, February 19, 1891, Flora McFarlane and five other pioneer women of Dade County founded the Housekeepers Club, the first organized women's club in South Florida. The purpose was to bring the housekeepers of the area together for companionship. The club's first project was to raise money for a new Sunday school building. Miss McFarlane was elected president and dues were set at 40 cents a year.

The Housekeepers Club met in the schoolhouse and later at Union Chapel before 1897. In that year the group built its own wooden clubhouse on property donated by Ralph M. Munroe. The present building of pine masonry and native rock was constructed in 1921. At each location the club maintained its active involvement in the civic, social, and cultural aspects of the community.

On March 17, 1957, the Housekeepers Club became the Women's Club of Coconut Grove. Chartered by the State of Florida in 1897, the club is federated with the General, Florida, and Dade County Federations of Women's Clubs.

(Charity & Public Work • Fraternal or Sororal Organizations • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lincoln County in the Civil War

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Tennessee, Lincoln County, Fayetteville
Lincoln County was a Confederate stronghold during the Civil War. Local men formed companies for the Confederate army before Tennessee seceded. In April 1861, Col. Peter B. Turney organized the 1st Confederate Infantry Regiment (first in the state) in nearby Winchester, and it departed for Virginia the following month. The county provided almost 5,000 Confederate soldiers who served in at least six infantry regiments, three cavalry units, and an artillery battery. Some residents enlisted in the U.S. Army, but no Union companies were raised here.

Federal forces entered Fayetteville in April 1862 and then withdrew two months later. The returned the next spring and remained until the end of the war. The courthouse, surrounded by six foot-high brick wall, became a stable for Union horses and a temporary fort. Union Gen. William T. Sherman’s army marched through Fayetteville and crossed the Elk River on the old stone bridge en route to Chattanooga from Memphis in November 1863. Completed in 1861, the 450-foot-long, six-arch limestone bridge provided an excellent crossing place for both armies. Sherman’s order to destroy the bridge was not carried out.

Foraging parties from both armies stripped the county’s resources and committed numerous depredations. Confederate partisans led by “Bushwhacker” Johnson, Lemuel Mead, and Peter and Joel Cunningham raided the countryside and skirmished continuously. In June 1864, Union Gen. Eleazer A. Paine ordered three civilians—John R. Massey, Franklin Burroughs, and William Pickett—executed after they refused to guide him to a Confederate camp. Confederate guerrilla Robert B. Blackwell’s retaliatory raid resulted in the killing of ten captured Union soldiers at Wells’ Hill (now Skinem)

“Elk River Valley has heretofore contributed largely to supply the enemy, and to be fair the people should do as much for us.” — Gen. William T. Sherman to Union Gen. Grenville M. Dodge, November 9, 1863

(captions)
(upper left) Elk River stone bridge, photo ca. 1890s, collapsed 1969 Courtesy Jim Davidson
(upper center) Lincoln County Courthouse, 1886 Tennessee State Library & Archives
(upper center) Peter Cunningham Courtesy Beck Cunningham Raby
(upper right) Lt. John Y. Gill, 55th Tennessee Infantry, fought at Perryville, Shiloh, Stones River, Chattanooga and Chickamauga. After the war, he served as county clerk and Fayetteville mayor. From Biographical Sketches & Pictures of Company B (1902)

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Coast Defence Artillery Positions: 1878-1956

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British Columbia, Capital Regional District, Victoria


The harbours at Victoria and Esquimalt, and the adjacent coastline were defended by temporary gun emplacements from 1878. International crises during the latter part of the century led to an agreement between the Canadian and British governments to improve and expand these defences with permanent fortifications and modern guns. Fort Rodd Hill was one part of this new development and continued in service until 1956.
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À partir de 1878, des emplacements de canon temporaires assurèrent la defénse des ports de Victoria et d’Esquimalt et du littoral voisin. Les crises internationales qui marquèrent la fin du siècle aboutirent à la signature d’un accord entre les gouvernements canadien et britannique en vue d’améliorer et d’agrandir le système defénse au moyen de fortications permanentes et de canons modernes. Le fort Rodd Hill, qui fut l’un de ces nouveaux aménagements, demeura en service jusqu’en 1956.

(Forts, Castles • Man-Made Features • War, World I • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Coelophysis Quarry

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New Mexico, Rio Arriba County, near Abiquiu
In 1881 David Baldwin discovered small fossilized bones on what is now Ghost Ranch. He mailed the bones to paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope in Philadelphia. Cope had been through the area in the late 1870s and had urged Baldwin to explore and see what he could collect. In 1889 Cope named the little dinosaur Coelophysis bauri after Georg Baur, a German morphologist. (Coelophysis means “hollow form,” referring to the lightly constructed bones.)

In June 1947, a field crew led by Edwin H. Colbert from the American Museum of Natural History in New York stopped at Ghost Ranch on their way to Petrified Forest National Monument in Arizona. They knew that Baldwin and other paleontologists had discovered fossils in the area. They soon found fragments of fossilized bone that they recognized were from the small dinosaur, Coelophysis.

Hoping to find a partial skeleton, Colbert and his crew carefully dug into the hillside. Instead of a partial skeleton they found a dense bone bed of hundreds of preserved skeletons. Because the skeletons overlapped each other, they had to excavate the fossils in large blocks of rock. They encased 13 blocks in plaster field jackets, each of which contained numerous whole and partial skeletons.

In 1981 and 1982, field crews from the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh, and other institutions, collected 15 large blocks from the quarry. In 1983 another large block was excavated by the New Mexico Museum of Natural History. The last block was excavated in 1985 and is on display at the Ruth Hall Museum at Ghost Ranch.

(sidebar) Did You Know?
• 1976 – Ghost Ranch’s Coelophysis Quarry was designated a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.

• 1981 –The New Mexico State Legislature named Coelophysis the New Mexico State Fossil beating out Brontosaurus.

• 1998 – Coelophysis was the second dinosaur in space when it traveled on NASA's Endeavor Space Shuttle. A Coelophysis skull, quarried at Ghost Ranch, was sent to space by the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. It left Earth on January 22 and returned on January 31.

(credits) This project was made possible by a grant from the National Park Foundation through the generous support of ARAMARK and the Yawkey Foundation, the Fernandez Pave the Way Foundation, and The History Channel. Partners were The Army Corps of Engineers, Ghost Ranch Youth Service Corps, and Willie Picaro. Trail construction was done by the Chimayo Conservation Corps.

(Paleontology) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Upper, Lower, Belmont Batteries

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British Columbia, Capital Regional District, Victoria


These batteries were constructed at Fort Rodd Hill between 1895 and 1900, as part of the defences of Esquimalt Harbour.

Upper and Lower Batteries, with their three large 6 inch guns, were designed to counter bombard enemy warships. Belmont Battery was equipped to engage fast torpedo boats, with smaller quick firing guns.
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Ces batteries furent construites au fort Rodd Hill entre 1895 et 1900 pour faire partie du système de defénse du port d’Esquimalt.

Les batteries supérieure et inférieure, munies de trois gros canons de 6 pouces, étaient conçues pour riposter aux attaques des navires ennemis. Le batterie Belmont était équipée de canons plus petits à tir rapide, lui permettant d’attaquer des torpilleurs rapides.

[Gun silhouette captions read]
[Left]
Twin barrel 6 pounder quick-firing gun
Bitube de 6 livres à tir rapide

[Center] 6 inch gun on disappearing carriage
Canon de 6 pouces monté sur affût à eclipse

[Right] 12 pounder quick firing-gun
Canon de 12 livres à tir rapide

(Forts, Castles • Man-Made Features • War, World I • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fisgard Lighthouse National Historic Site

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British Columbia, Capital Regional District, Victoria


Fisgard Lighthouse was built in 1860 as the first permanent light on the west coast of Canada. Although administered together with Fort Rodd Hill, it is a separate national historic site. There is no historic connection between the two structures.

The lighthouse now contains exhibits on shipwrecks, navigation and the growth of the west coast lighthouse system. Various lenses and lightkeeping tools are also on display.

Your most direct route to Fisgard is by the path that leads around the left side of the Lower Battery wall. It is about a ten-minute walk from here.
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Le phare Fisgard, construit en 1860, est le premier phare permanent de la côte ouest du Canada. Bien qu’il dépende de la meme administration que le fort Rodd Hill, il constitue un lieu historique national à part. Il n’y a aucun rapport historique entre les deux ouvrages.

De nos jours, le phare abrite des expositions sur les naufrages de bateaux, sur la navigation et sur le developpement du réseau de phares de la côte ouest. On y présente aussi une sélection de lentilles et d’équipement de gardien de phare.

Pour vous rendre au phare Fisgard, le chemin le plus court est celui qui longe, sur sa gauche, le mur d’enceinte de la batterie inférieure. Cela prend environ dix minutes de marche.

(Communications • Man-Made Features • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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