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Taylor County

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Texas, Taylor County, near Tuscola
Created 1858. Named for Edward, James and George Taylor, 18, 20 and 22, Tennesseans who came to Texas in 1833 and died at the Alamo March 6, 1836.
     Organized 1878, with county seat at Buffalo Gap, through which went the Fort Concho to Fort Belknap stagecoach and longhorns on Western Trail up to Kansas. County seat was moved to Abilene in 1883.
     Of the 254 Texas counties, 42 bear Indian, French or Spanish names. 10 honor such colonizers as Stephen F. Austin, “Father of Texas.” 12 were named for Washington, Clay and other American patriots.
     96 were named for men like the Taylors who fought in the Texas War for Independence (15 dying at the Alamo), signed the Declaration of Independence, or served as statesmen in the Republic of Texas.
     23 have the names of frontiersmen and pioneers.
     11 honor American statesmen who worked for the annexation of Texas; 10, leaders in Texas since statehood, including jurists, ministers, educators, historians, statesmen; and 36, men prominent in the Confederacy during the Civil War.
     El Paso and 8 others have geographical names. San Jacinto and Val Verde were named for battles; Live Oak and Orange, for trees; and Mason for a fort.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Red River

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Texas, Wichita County, Burkburnett
Named for the red soil across which it flows, the main stream of the Red River is 1,360 miles long, and for 440 miles the river forms the Texas-Oklahoma boundary. For years, this was an international boundary. The 1819 treaty with Spain established the course of the Red River to the 100th meridian as part of the boundary between the United States and New Spain. Until after the 1845 annexation of Texas, the river did not lie entirely within the United States.
     During the Spanish colonial period, the waterway and the crossing here became a main gateway into Texas. In the mid-19th century, brisk steamer traffic went on at the eastern end of the river. A military expedition under Capt. Randolph B. Marcy in 1852 explored the river to its upper reaches in land held by Native Americans.
     In 1921, the Burkburnett oil boom here led to a dispute between Texas and Oklahoma over ownership of the valuable river bed. The Supreme Court in 1921 and 1923 upheld the south bank as the Texas border.
     This site is 25 miles west of the important Old Fort Sill Crossing on the major military road that once linked the Oklahoma fort to outposts on the Texas frontier. The bridge here, opened to traffic in 1927, is the second free bridge to span the Red River.

(Colonial Era • Industry & Commerce • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Burkburnett

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Texas, Wichita County, Burkburnett
One of the most famous Texas boom towns. Name was given to post office at request of President T.R. Roosevelt after his 1905 wolf hunt with rancher Burk Burnett in this area. Townsite was laid out in 1907 by Joseph A. Kemp and Frank Kell, surveyors and promoters of Wichita Falls & Northwestern Railroad. First oil discovery was Chris Schmoker No. 1, in 1912.
     A 2200-barrel gusher was brought in on S.L. Fowler farm about a mile from this site, July 29, 1918, by a company formed by Fowler, his brother, W.D. Cline and J.I. Staley. In 3 months 200 wells had been completed in Burkburnett Townsite – a forest of derricks. Money and oil flowed freely. A bank capitalized at $25,000 got monthly revenue of $10,000 from a well drilled at its back door. The town’s population jumped from 1500 to 15,000 in a year. Boom area was extended by finds on properties of Burk-Waggoner Company and by Kemp-Munger-Allen operations to the southwest.
     Town was made world famous in 1941 by the movie “Boomtown”, filmed from a popular story entitled “Lady Comes to Burkburnett”.
     Economy is dependent on agriculture and oil. An important neighbor is Sheppard Air Force Base.

(Industry & Commerce • Railroads & Streetcars • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Blackwater

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West Virginia, Tucker County, Thomas
To the southwest is Blackwater Falls, 63 feet high, and its rugged gorge. It drains lovely Canaan Valley, which may be seen from the mountain top, 3700 feet high. It was made famous in “Blackwater Chronicles” by “Porte Crayon.”

(Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Isabella Mainville Ross

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British Columbia, C, Victoria


She came here in 1843 with her husband, Chief Trader Charles Ross, who was in charge of building Fort Victoria. After his death she bought the land upon which you are standing for a farm. By so doing she became the first woman to own land in what is now British Columbia.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

William (Billy) Barker

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British Columbia, Capital Regional District, Victoria


Baptized: March, Cambridgeshire, England
June 7 1817
Died: Victoria, B.C., Canada
July 11, 1894

On August 17 of 1862, Barker struck gold at 52 feet on Williams Creek, Cariboo. The town of Barkerville bears his name. Like many miners he was soon broke, but Barker continued to mine and prospect throughout the Cariboo for the rest of his life.

The fabulous wealth of the Cariboo mines laid the foundation for British Columbia. With this monument, Billy Barker is honoured as a builder of the Province.

He died poor in wealth but forever rich in friends.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Environment • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lorne Lewis

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British Columbia, Capital Regional District, Victoria


Born in New Bedford
Massachussets [sic] in 1814
Died in Victoria in 1912
while a resident of
the Old Men's Home

He came to Victoria from California in 1858 and was appointed by Governor James Douglas as a police constable but racial prejudice made his job difficult. Later he served for many years as district constable on the Songhees Indian Reserve and afterwards was a member of the British Columbia Provincial Police.

(African Americans • Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Charity & Public Work • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

W. Toepfer & Sons, Iron Works

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Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, Milwaukee
This property has been placed on the
National Register of Historic Places
W. Toepfer & Sons, Iron Works
Designed by A.V. Wiskovil
Tour Site 49
1908

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

O.R. Pieper Co. Grocers

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Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, Milwaukee
This property has been placed on the
National Register of Historic Places
O.R. Pieper Co., Grocers
Designed by Ringer & Son
Tour Site 48
1907

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Clemens H. Kalvelage Warehouse

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Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, Milwaukee
This property has been placed on the
National Register of Historic Places
Clemens H. Kalvelage Warehouse
Designed by Carl Ringer
Tour Site 47
1911

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Steinkopf & Sons Tents & Awnings

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Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, Milwaukee
This property has been placed on the
National Register of Historic Places
Steinkopf & Sons Tents & Awnings
Architect Unknown
Tour Site 46
1902

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Birth of Pizza in Milwaukee

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Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, Milwaukee
From the street level restaurant of a narrow three-story building that was introduced and popularized in Milwaukee. The Caradaro Club (combining the founders' family names "John CARAvella" and "Joe ToDARO") opened in 1945 when World War II was ending and pizza was finding its way into the United States. Joe and Agatha Todaro developed a recipe that called for thin crust and was served in rectangular shape. Their marketing technique - handing out pizza slices on Milwaukee's downtown streets - was an allure that soon self-perpetuated. The Caradaro Club's popularity permeated the region and its facade frequently restrained lines of expectant patrons. The Caradaro secret recipe remained an attraction for 25 years after which the Todaros retired from restaurateuring and sold the Caradaro Club. The new owners kept it there until a fire destroyed the building in 1978.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Hansen Storage Co. Warehouse #2

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Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, Milwaukee
This propertyy has been placed on the
National Register of Historic Places
Hansen Storage Co. Warehouse #2
Architect Unknown
Tour Site 45
c. 1904

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Rock and Man

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Kentucky, Clark County, near Winchester

"Civilization exists by geological consent"
(Will Durant (1885 - 1981), American historian, philosopher, and educator)

Not many people stop to think about the rock beneath their feet, but it is the type of rock, its structure and its history, together with climate, that determine the topography of the land and the type of soil. These, in turn, will determine what plants will grow and how much animal life the land will support.

Under the Bluegrass Region of Kentucky are layers of rock deposited over 400 million years ago, when this area was covered by a warm, shallow sea. Millions of years of uplift followed by many more millions of years of erosion have created Kentucky's Bluegrass landscape.

The Inner Bluegrass contains the oldest exposed rocks in Kentucky. As is common in areas with thick-bedded limestone formations and a humid climate, such as the Bluegrass, erosion has created a gently rolling landscape with numerous sinkholes, springs, and sinking streams. It is this landscape that typifies Kentucky's "horse farm country." The underlying rock in the Inner Bluegrass produces dark brown fertile soils with a high phosphate content. Animals that eat the grasses that grow on this soil, and that drink the water that percolates through it, develop light, very strong bones. It is this soil that makes the Bluegrass so suited to raising horses.

The bedrock of the Outer Bluegrass is somewhat younger. Many of the formations in this region contain interbedded shales and limestones. These formations are softer and more easily eroded. Here, the landscape is marked by steep hills and slopes, and flat land is at a premium.

The Ancient Kentucky
The Kentucky River is thought to be over 100 million years old, making it an extraordinarily old river. It begins in the mountains of Lee County, about 35 miles southeast of here. On its journey to the Ohio River, the Kentucky winds through the Inner and Outer Bluegrass Regions. From Frankfort to Boonesborough, located just across the river, the river cuts through thick limestone formations, creating steep walls known as the palisades.

Below Boonesborough, where the river cuts through softer rock, the valley widens and cliffsides, such as the one this trail climbs, border the river. Before 1800, dense forests covered the cliffsides. Most of this timber was cut in the 1800s by commercial logging concerns. This cliffside was cleared again in 1863 when the earthwork at the top of the trail was built. In all likelihood it was cleared once again before the present growth of trees developed.

(Natural Features) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Those Who Served in the World War

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New York, Niagara County, Ransomville

Erected in appreciation of those who served in the World War and in memory of these who did not come back.

Corporal O. Leo Curtiss,
CO. M, 7th Inf., 3rd Div.
Killed in action at Chateau - Thierry, July 25, 1918.

Private Albert J. Chestnut,
CO. A, 5th M. G. BN., 2nd Div.
Killed in action Argonne Forest, Oct. 10, 1918.

Private Wilber Crane
CO. I, 4th Inf., 3rd Div.
Killed in action at Meuse - Argonne Forest, Oct 31, 1918

(War, World I) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Robert "Frankie" Franklin

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New York, Erie County, Buffalo
Near this location stood a log cabin, home of Robert Franklin, an African American who helped successfully repel a British invasion during the War of 1812 at the First Battle of Black Rock, July 11, 1813. Franklin was killed five months later when Buffalo was burned, December 30, 1813.

City of Buffalo livable communities beautification grant. Afro American Historical Association of the Niagara Frontier. Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society. 2010.

(African Americans • Patriots & Patriotism • War of 1812) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Roycroft Shops

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New York, Erie County, East Aurora
Founded by Elbert Hubbard, writer, lecturer, philosopher, advertising innovator and author of "A Message to Garcia". The crafts movement employed skilled artisans who produced printing, bookbinding, modeling, text illumination, hand wrought metal and furniture sold worldwide.

(Arts, Letters, Music • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 17 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

How the Dam Works

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Minnesota, Hennepin County, Brooklyn Park
The original dam was built in 1913 and had 28 steel gates. The gates moved up and down to allow different amounts of water to flow under them. The current dam was completed in 1997 and is fitted with five crest gates. These gates maintain levels by allowing different amounts of water to flow over them. Four of the new gates are made of rubber and can be inflated with air. The gate on the west end of the dam is a steel crest gate.

The steel gate on the west side is automatically controlled to keep the upper pool at a prescribed level. It is fully adjustable with many positions from completely open to completely closed.

In summer, water levels are kept near 830 feet above sea level.

Three Rivers Park District
Mississippi National River and Recreation Area
National Park Service
Department of the Interior


(Man-Made Features • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Common Cliffside Plants

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Kentucky, Clark County, near Winchester
The cliffs and slopes bordering the Kentucky River are home to a number of wildflowers and trees, some of which are pictured below. Common plants visible for much of the summer include pokeweed, blackberry, wild grape, and poison ivy. One frequently seen plant is Japanese Honeysuckle, introduced into this country in 1862. This aggressive, fast-growing non-native vine often overwhelms native plants. Look for these plants as you walk the trail.

(Horticulture & Forestry) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Sluice and Hall Spillway

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New York, Niagara County, Lockport
Three waterways: Culvert No. 125, the old raceway, and Eighteen Mile Creek, met the canal in this area.

The old raceway entered the canal about 125 feet east of this point and has since been abandoned. It was used to supply the lower level of the canal with waters drawn from the upper level, and then drained into Eighteen Mile Creek.

Eighteen Mile Creek enters this sluice to your right, and passes under the canal through Culvert No. 125.

The Hall Spillway was used to control the turbulence and to increase the water flow when the locks were open for the passage boats and barges. It also emptied into culvert No. 125. It was important to control the water levels in the creek as there were over fifty industries using the water from the canal during the 1870's, and several industries now have permits to use water from the canal.

(Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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