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United Order Industries

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Utah, Kane County, Orderville
On March 20, 1874, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints organized a modern Order of Enoch, called the United Order, Israel Hoyt, first president. A community dining hall with bakery was constructed, also a garden house for seeds and tools. They built a carpenter, blacksmith and shoe shop, tannery, gristmill, sawmill, molasses mill, bucket factory, a woolen and cotton factory; engaged in the silk industry, dairying, broom and hat making. The people planted farms, orchards and gardens, raised sheep and cattle. The cooperative ended in 1886.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Cemetery at Orderville

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Utah, Kane County, Orderville
In memory of
Utah Pioneers
buried in the
Cemetery
at Orderville
.
Founded in 1875.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Old Rock Schoolhouse

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Utah, Kane County, Orderville
In 1886-1887 after the United Order terminated, a public building was erected of native limestone and lumber from the canyon sawmill. It was used for school and church purposes. In 1938 a new schoolhouse was built and the Old Rock Building given to the Daughters of Utah Pioneers for a relic hall. When the school board purchased the ground in March, 1955 the building was torn down. This building is a replica and was erected from the same rocks and other materials. The United Order blacksmith shop was located on this site.

(Education • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Orderville Bell

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Utah, Kane County, Orderville
On December 17, 1901, the first church in Orderville was dedicated by Apostle A. O. Woodruff of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. This bell hung in the tower and was used each Sunday to call people to church. It was also used to warn people of fires until the building was torn down in 1956.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Glendale

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Utah, Kane County, Glendale
In 1864 John, Joseph and Robert Berry, their families and others settled in Berryville. The church called more families in 1865. The town was abandoned because of Indian depredations in 1886 when Robert, his wife, Isabell, and Joseph Berry were killed by Indians. In 1871 settlers from the Muddy Mission came. The name was changed to Glendale. Each family received land in proportion to their number. A grist mill, sawmill, and public buildings were erected. James Leithead was first bishop, Warren M. Johnson first schoolteacher.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Berry Family

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Utah, Kane County, Glendale
Four early Church pioneers, sons of Jesse Woods and Amelia Shanks Berry, were the founders of Berryville, now Glendale, Utah. Joseph S. and Robert M. and his wife Isabelle Hale Berry, were killed by Indians April 2, 1856. They are burried in Grafton, near Rockville. A mob shot and killed William Shanks Berry while on a mission in Tennessee in 1884. John William, while carrying mail for Brigham Young, was shot by an Indian and carried the bullet until his death.
A large and faithful posterity live to honor them.

(Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mary Walker

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Tennessee, Hamilton County, Chattanooga
Born a slave in Union Springs, Alabama “Grandma” Walker moved to Chattanooga in 1917 and remained here until her death. At the age of 116 she enrolled in Chattanooga Area Literacy Movement class and learned to read, write, and arithmetic problems. She twice received Chattanooga’s Ambassador of Goodwill award and was declared the oldest student in the nation by the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

(African Americans • Education • Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Early History of Martin

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Michigan, Allegan County, Martin
On the 8th day of January, 1836, Mumford Eldred along with his second wife, Jane, and five children, settled on 40 acres in section 29 of Martin Township. The land included a 30 acre clearing on which the northern edge lived a small band of Potawatomi and Ottawa Indians. Four weeks later, Eldred bought 40 more adjoining acres, where he built an 18x18 foot log cabin with a shingled roof and one six-light window, near where the library now stands. On December 10, 1836, Samuel Eldred, the first white child was born in Martin Township. His youthful companions were chiefly Indian lads, who lived nearby.

Mumford Eldred’s wife, Jane, was given the honor of naming the community. She chose Albion, which was already taken. Martin was suggested as a compliment to the President of the United States, Martin Van Buren, which was then approved by the pioneers. Early Martin settlers to follow Mumford Eldred were Calvin White from Canada, who built the first brick home in Allegan County, known as the “Red Brick Inn” of Gun Plains Township, brothers, William T., Walter and Thomas Monteith Jr. And Cottom M. Kimball from New York State. Between 1837 and 1850 many Scottish settlers came to Martin namely, Shepherd, Shelman, Redpath, McVean, Patterson, Wheeler and Wylie. The 1950 census showed 329 inhabitants in Martin Township.

In the early 1840's the Presbyterian and Methodist Churches organized. They dominated church life in Martin until the Dutch settled in the 1920's and brought the Reformed and Christian Reformed Doctrines.

Construction of the Plank Road, connecting Kalamazoo and Grand Rapids, began in the 1850's. Sawmills were set up along the route to process the oak and elm planks, which were eight foot long, eight to twelve inches wide and three inches thick, costing $1400 a mile to build. Its first toll was taken in 1855, costing one penny per horse per mile.

It was a traveler’s dream, although short lived, as after a few years the planks began to warp and rot. The last toll was taken in October of 1869. Through the Plank Road’s spectacular, although brief success, Martin grew rapidly to 734 residents by 1860.

The completion of the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad in 1870 was the death of the Plank Road. The Martin Train Depot was soon built and became a refueling station for the wood burning engines.

Martin Township had three Depots, Martin Corners, Monteith Junction and Shelbyville. The population grew to 1,160 residents by 1874.

On August 26, 1911 construction contracts were let for the Michigan Railway, a third rail electrified line from Grand Rapids, through Wayland, Bradley, Shelbyville, Martin, Monteith, Plainwell and Cooper to Kalamazoo. By May 17, 1915 the line was open offering some of the fastest, most modern Interurban service in the state.

The DT&M Railroad was electrified and crossed the Kalamazoo, Grand Rapids line at Monteith Junction, running from Allegan to Battle Creek.

The Interurban cars built by the St. Louis Car Company were decked out in dark green paint, 68 feet long, weighed 142,600 pounds, traveled 75 miles per hour and were powered with traction motors that drew 2400 volts from the third rail, later reduced to 1200 volts.

Thirsty residents of “dry” Kalamazoo would make a run on the Interurban to the Grand Rapids Liquor stores. Kalamazoo police were on the watch for passengers arriving at the Rose Street Depot with large heavy suitcases. Passengers who went on the whiskey run would make friends with the motorman who slowed down to let the “rum runners” hop off, before reaching the Kalamazoo Depot. The Interurban came to an end in 1929, due to the invention of the automobile.

Martin’s first high school was a three story structure build in 1888, with W.F. Lewis as superintendent. The first graduating class of seven students; Jessie Anderson, Dot Campbell, Ernest Fenner, Delia Lamphire, Grace Nichols, Claude Ross and Alfred Wylie, was in 1890.

The school burned down in 1908 and was rebuilt in 1909. This new structure was used until 1965, when our present high school building replaced it.

James Redpath became one of Martin’s residents to carve out a place in the nation’s history. A journalist, Redpath started at the Kalamazoo Gazette, then went to a Detroit newspaper writing anti-slavery articles, which attracted attention of the famous Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune. James Redpath was hired as an editor of the Tribune and was sent on a tour of the Southern slave states.

In 1865, Redpath was appointed superintendent of schools for Charleston, South Carolina where General John A. Logan commanded the military. While in Charleston, Redpath, appalled to find cattle grazing among the graves of the Union Cemetery, formed a society to fence and maintain the grounds. They agreed to dedicate one day, each year, to decorate the graves with flowers. On May 1, 1865, the first Decoration Day ceremony took place. General Logan was so taken with the ceremony that when he became commander of the Grand Army of the Republic in 1868, he issued a general order to designate May 30th as Memorial Day, for the purpose of decorating the graves of comrades who died in defense of their country.

In the 1860's Martin’s most celebrated historical figure, Andrew Bee, settled in the community as a tin smith and was employed by Andrew Patterson, a hardware merchant.

Andrew Bee was a private in the fourth Michigan Cavalry - Company L, during the Civil War. He was said to be the first to lay hands on the confederate president, Jefferson Davis, when forces led by General Benjamin D. Pritchard of Allegan captured him. Davis was disguised inn woman’s clothing trying to escape, but Andrew Bee noticed his military boots and called out to stop him.

Andrew Bee is buried in the East Martin Cemetery with words inscribed on his tombstone, “First man to lay hands on Jeff Davis at this capture”.

(Railroads & Streetcars • Roads & Vehicles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 12 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Everettville Mine Disaster

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West Virginia, Monongalia County, Everttville
On April 30, 1927, Federal No. 3 Mine exploded, killing at least 97 miners. Nine men inside survived the blast and soon reached safety. Using oxygen breathing apparatus, 21 teams conducted rescue efforts until May 24, containing fires as they went. Investigators concluded that a storage-battery locomotive spark ignited built-up methane gas and coal dust spread the explosion.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Strachan House

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Virginia, Chesterfield County, Enon
This house was constructed in 1841 by Rev. John Alexander Strachan, founder of Enon Baptist Church. Rev. Strachan also preached at several other congregations in the area. Family stories describe him rowing a boat across the Appomattox River to preach at Broadway with his "great brindle dog…sometimes swimming behind the boat.”

When the Union army occupied Point of Rocks in May of 1864 a field hospital quickly sprang up on the property with this house serving as the Surgeon's quarters. Enon Baptist Church was demolished by Union troops and the lumber was brought here to be used in the hospital. The Strachan family was forced from their home, and most of their possessions were destroyed.

As fighting in the Bermuda Hundred Campaign reached its peak, the area around the house became a large open air operating room. A surgeon reported that “After an action crowds were heaped upon us. The, house, tents and all the shady corners of the orchard were crowded with sufferers and groups of surgeons were busy at their operating tables far into the night."

Following the war, in a plea for the return of his property, Rev. Strachan wrote: “This land is my homestead, the place of my birth. I have nothing left me now but my land, all my other property has been destroyed, even including my wearing apparel and I am the husband of a delicate wife and the father of several children.”

Strachan and his family returned to Point of Rocks in 1866 and he spent the rest of his life here. The house remained in Rev. Strachan's family until 2013, when this park was established. The house is listed on the National, State and County Register of Historic Places.

“It is a neatly painted four-roomed house of one story. Already, one room had been set apart for the wounded and another for surgeon’s quarters. Some of the women of the family attempted to remain and occupy the other rooms, but a few hours convinced them of their mistake. The shady grove around the house offered a cool space for the sun struck, who came back in such numbers from the front, and in a few days, convenient space for our hospital tents.”
Description of the Strachan House by Dr. James A. Emmerton, Assistant Surgeon, 23rd Regiment Mass. Vol. Infantry.

(caption)
The Strachan House with its double chimneys can be seen in the background of this photograph. The photographer (posing in the tree) is believed to be Egbert G. Fowx who was employed by Alexander Gardner.
This sign was sponsored by Colonel and Mrs. William C. Lowe, Tabernacle, NJ

(Science & Medicine • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Eau Claire Public Library

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Wisconsin, Eau Claire County, Eau Claire
Historic Building Built 1903. Architects, Patton and Miller, Chicago, Illinois. Contractor, Hoeppner-Bartlett Company of Eau Claire, Wisconsin. This building was a gift to the City of Eau Claire by Andrew Carnegie.

Approved June Twenty-Four
Nineteen Hundred and Seventy-Six

(Education) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fort Pawpaw

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West Virginia, Marion County, Rivesville
North on high flat, overlooking the junction of Pawpaw Creek and the Monongahela River, was “Pawpaw Fort,” a ninety-foot square stockade-fort erected in 1781. Rangers commanded by Captain Jack Evans garrisoned it.

(Forts, Castles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

An Unrealized Plan

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Kentucky, Clark County, near Winchester

The Front Moves South
Capt. Thomas Brooks' plan for the defense of the Kentucky River was never completely realized. The reason lies in the shifting fortunes of war. In 1863, General Ambrose Burnside was sent to Kentucky to lead an invasion of Tennessee. With his 9th Corps in Mississippi with Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, Burnside was forced to take the 23rd Corps, the troops responsible for defending Kentucky.

Burnside stripped the garrisons of men and supplies and marched to Tennessee. The concern of the Union command now became getting supplies from the depot at Camp Nelson to Gen. Burnside's troops in the field. The effort to build defenses for Kentucky's fords, ferries, and bridges was slowed as engineers and quartermasters turned their energies to the Knoxville Campaign.

Burnside took Knoxville in September 1863. Over the next year, the focus of the war moved further south. Kentucky ceased to be a major focus of the war effort for either side.

The records indicate that the earthworks constructed at Boonesboro, Clay's Ferry, and Tate's Creek never mounted permanent artillery. They were probably manned and armed as necessary, for instance, during Morgan's raid in the summer of 1864 and when Gen. John Bell Hood threatened an invasion of Kentucky late that same year, a campaign that ended with his defeat at Nashville.

The Earthwork Today
Over the years the earthwork was all but forgotten. Cattle grazed in the redoubt and erosion took its toll on the walls. Man had a hand, too. Construction of a power line in the 1950s destroyed a portion of the earthwork.

Efforts to protect the earthwork began in 1998 when they came to the attention of Mr. Jerry Raisor, Curator at Fort Boonesborough State Park. The Clark County Fiscal Court purchased the site in 2001. In 2003 the Civil War Fort at Boonesboro was listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Today, efforts to preserve and interpret the site continue.

(Forts, Castles • Man-Made Features • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 9 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Defending the Kentucky River

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Kentucky, Clark County, near Winchester

Bridges, Fords and Ferries
Unlike the Ohio, the Kentucky River was never an important supply line for the Union Army. Because of its geology, the Kentucky acted as a barrier to the movement of supplies and men.

Much of the Kentucky River is bordered by towering walls of rock known as the Palisades. In central Kentucky there were only two wagon bridges across the Kentucky, one at Frankfort and the other just above Hickman Creek (Camp Nelson).

But bridges were not the only way to cross the river. Between Frankfort and Camp Nelson there were 50 fords and ferries. Ferries were fine for an individual or a wagon but transporting troops and supplies in any number took many crossings. Horses could ford the river in some places but wagons or men on foot could ford the river only when it was very low.

Controlling the Fords and Ferries
Mounted Confederate raiders used the fords between Frankfort and Camp Nelson to confuse and escape their pursuers. They often split up, crossing at several fords to conceal their numbers and destination. These tactics allowed them to move about freely.

The Confederate cavalry was often pursued by Union infantry. Because they were on foot, the Union troops had to cross the river on ferries. These crossings slowed them down and helped the Confederates escape capture.

By late 1862, controlling access to the fords and ferries on the Kentucky River had become an important part of the strategy of the Union army. Their goal was to protect Lexington and other important supply depots north of the river. Captain Thomas B. Brooks, Chief Engineer of the District of Central Kentucky, was given the task of developing a defensive strategy for the river.

(War, US Civil • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Joe Brown Bivouac, U.C.V.

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Tennessee, Tipton County, Covington
In 1898, the Joe Brown Bivouac, United Confederate Veterans, was established as a social, historical, and benevolent organization. It was named in honor of Joseph Brown of Covington, who in 1864 was mortally wounded at the Battle of Harrisburg, Mississippi. For years the Bivouac sponsored the Brighton Confederate Reunions and assisted indigent veterans. In 1934, the members donated their assets to the Covington Board of Education as an endowment for the school libraries. This fund was liquidated in 1993.

(Charity & Public Work • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Last Speech of General Nathan Bedford Forrest

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Tennessee, Tipton County, Covington
Soldiers of the Seventh Tennessee Cavalry, ladies and gentlemen:

I name the soldiers first because I love them the best. I am extremely pleased to meet with you here today.

I love the gallant men and women with whom I was so intimately connected during the late war. You can readily realize what must pass through a commander’s mind, when called upon to meet in reunion the brave spirits who through four years of war and bloodshed fought fearlessly and boldly for a cause they then thought right, and who, even when they foresaw, as we all did, that the war must soon close in disaster, and that we must all surrender, yet did not quail, but marched to victory in many battles, and fought as boldly and persistently in their last battles as they did in their first.

Nor do I forget these many gallant spirits who sleep coldly in death upon the many bloody battlefields of the late war. I love them, too, and honor their memory. I have been often called to the side, on the battlefield, of those who had been struck down, and they would put their arms around my neck, draw me down to them and kiss me and say: “General, I have fought my last battle and soon will be gone. I want you to remember my wife and children and take care of them, and I want every one of you to remember them, too, and join with me in the labor of love.

Comrades, through years of bloodshed and many marches you were tried and true soldiers. So through the years of peace you have been good citizens, and now that we are again united under the old flag, I love it as I did in my youth and I feel sure that you love it also. Yes, I love and honor that old flag now as do those who followed it on the other side, and I am sure that I but express your feelings when I say that should occasion offer, and our common country demand our services, you would as eagerly follow my lead to battle under that proud banner as ever you followed me in our late great war.

It has been thought by some that our social reunions were wrong and that they would be heralded to the North as evidence that we were again ready to break out into civil war. But I think they are right and proper, and we will show our countrymen by our conduct and dignity that brave soldiers always make good citizens and law-abiding and loyal people.

Soldiers, I was afraid that I could not bear the thought of not meeting with you, and I will always try to meet with you in the future. I hope that you will continue to meet from year to year, and bring your wives and children with you, and let them and the children who may come after them enjoy with you the pleasure of your reunions.

Nathan Bedford Forrest

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Charles B. Simonton

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Tennessee, Tipton County, Covington
A lifelong resident of Tipton County, Charles Bryson Simonton (1838-1911) was educated at Erskine College and, while serving as Captain, 9th Tennessee Infantry, C.S.A was wounded at the Battle of Perryville, Ky. He was an educator, lawyer, state legislator, Congressman, and U.S. District Attorney. This antebellum town house was his home for over 40 year.

(Politics • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Forrest Boyhood Home

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Tennessee, Marshall County, near Chapel Hill

On land that was originally a Revolutionary War land grant, William and Mariam Beck Forrest purchased a two story log cabin and 180 acres one half mile east. The Forrest family moved to Mississippi in 1833. In 1861 their oldest son, Nathan Bedford, joined The Army of the Confederate States of America. In four years of war, this middle-aged man rose from the rank of private to lieutenant general and re-wrote the book on warfare. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest's tactics and campaigns are studied throughout the world today.

(Man-Made Features • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Freeman's Battery

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Tennessee, Marshall County, near Chapel Hill

Freeman's Battery under the command of Captain Samuel L. Freeman, served with General Forrest from October 9, 1862 until April 10, 1863. On that day, while advancing toward Franklin, Tennessee on the Lewisburg Pike, General Forrest's command was attacked by the 4th U.S. Cavalry. Forrest's regiments were widely separated and Freeman's isolated battery was the focus of their charge. Freeman ordered the battery into action, injuring his knee while placing the guns. A primer failed, and the enemy captured 31 men and their guns.

Hearing the gunfire, Forrest rushed toward the battery's position. Fearing Forrest's vengeance, the Federals cut the guns down, and ordered their captives to run or be shot. Unable to run, the unarmed and injured Freeman was shot in the mouth, killing him instantly. The battery doctor was also shot, but survived. The promising young teacher, law student and Forrest's first artillery captain had been murdered.

Captain Freeman was buried in Springhill, Tennessee, on April 11, 1863. In future engagements, General Forrest never gave quarter to the 4th U.S. Cavalry. Of Captain Freeman, Forrest said, "Brave man, none braver".

Command of the battery then passed to Captain Amirah Huggins who would command the battery until the end of the war. Years after the war, one of the battery's cannonneers stated, "we always held to the name of Freeman."

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Historic 1885 Hanover Bridge

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Minnesota, Wright County, Hanover
This property
is listed in the
National Register
of Historic Places

by the United States
Department of the Interior

(Bridges & Viaducts) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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