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Benedict Joseph Flaget

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Kentucky, Nelson County, Bardstown
A priest for 62 years, the "First Bishop of the West" became Bishop of Bardstown, 1810; of Louisville, 1841. Jurisdiction embraced area of Ky., Tenn., and old Northwest Territory. Flaget directed founding of colleges, congregations, and St. Joseph's Cathedral; witnessed ten dioceses formed from region. Bishop buried in Louisville.

(Charity & Public Work • Churches, Etc. • Education) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

County Named, 1784

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Kentucky, Nelson County, Bardstown
For Thomas Nelson, 1738 - 89. Member Va. House of Burgesses. In the first Provincial Convention, 1774; Continental Congress, 1775 - 77 and 1779. Signer of the Declaration of Independence. Commander of Va. Militia, 1777 - 81. Governor of Va., 1781. Commended for selfless patriotism in ordering guns to fire on his own home, the British headquarters, at Yorktown, 1781.

(Patriots & Patriotism • Political Subdivisions • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Successful Surgery

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Kentucky, Nelson County, Bardstown
The first successful amputation of a leg at the hip joint in US. Done here by Dr. Walter Brashear in 1806 without any precedent to guide him. The patient was a seventeen-year-old boy whose leg had been badly mangled.

Dr. Brashear was born in 1776, came to Kentucky, 1784, and studied medicine under Dr. Frederick Ridgely of Lexington. He died in 1860.

(Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Burleson County in World War II

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Texas, Burleson County, Caldwell
During World War II, out of a population of 18,000 close to 1300 men and women from Burleson County joined the military, with 450 who attended Caldwell High School drafted or voluntarily enlisted. Many had never been the county before their service, but they deployed around the world in defense of freedom.

Area residents sacrificed for the war effort abroad and at home from the onset of American combat. At Pearl Harbor, Seaman 2/C Thomas J. Gary of Somerville died aboard the U.S.S. California while giving his life to save his crewmates from burning. The navy posthumously awarded Gary the navy cross and named two ships in his honor. Local national guard unit Company E, 143rd Infantry, 36th Division, sustained heavy losses at Salerno, Italy, with dozens of men killed, wounded, or captured. Other prisoners of war included 1st Lt. Hubert Womble, shot down over Romania during Ploesti oil field raids, and USMC Major Paul Brown, who survived the Bataan death march in the Philippines but died in a Japanese prison camp. The county's citizen soldiers stormed Normandy beaches on D-Day and fought in European and Pacific theaters.

Many women joined the army and navy nurse corps, and scores more worked in defense plants. Recycling drives around the county maximized the homefront war support effort. Some families received citations as "agriculture victory leaders" for continuing farming operations during the war, even while short-handed at least five county families had five children at once serving in the military. Dozens of Burleson County men were killed during World War II, on battlefields overseas and in training accidents on American soil. Though countless heroic and unselfish acts, citizens demonstrated commitment to restoring liberty to the world.

(Patriots & Patriotism • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Talbott Tavern

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Kentucky, Nelson County, Bardstown
The stone portion of the Talbott Tavern dates before 1790 --- probably built to serve as Salem Academy. The first owner of record about 1800, Wm. Rose Hynes began to add brick wings to the stone part. He started the tavern operation with the first license about 1805. It became known as the Hynes House, serving as a stage coach stop on the Louisville - Nashville Turnpike through the 19th century. Another west side brick wing was added about 1840 and the resulting lobby area was enclosed by George Talbott in 1905. During his tenure the Hynes House became the Talbott Tavern. It has now operated continuously for 200 years offering food, drink, and lodging to travelers and guests from all over the world, both famous and commoner.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Harrison-Smith House

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Kentucky, Nelson County, Bardstown
One of the oldest houses in Bardstown, the west side stone portion has to date from before 1795. On one side of the "settled lots," improved by Samuel Duncan under the lottery terms of settlement, it was the residence of both William Pope Duval and his brother-in-law, Dr. Burr Harrison after 1800. In the "Crayon Papers," author Washington Irving recorded the early experiences of Ralph Ringwood, based on the "real-life" adventures of young Duval. One famous incident, "The Stolen Kiss," which ultimately led to his marriage to Nancy Hynes, was believed by family members to have probably taken place at his home. William Pope Duval went on to become a famous lawyer and member of the Pleidas Club, famous for its renowned members. In 1822, Duval was appointed first Territorial Governor of Florida by President Monroe, reappointed under Adams and Jackson. After 1860, Dr. Alfred Smith practiced medicine here with an office on the west end of the house. His descendants continued in the home as residents through the year 2000.

(Fraternal or Sororal Organizations • Industry & Commerce • Politics • Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Wilson & Muir Bank & Trust Co.

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Kentucky, Nelson County, Bardstown
One of the oldest banks in Kentucky, founded in 1865, it operated first 1865 - 1867 under the name of Richard Shipp & Company, Bankers. From 1867 through 1869 it was the banking house of William W. George, Jr. & Company. From 1869 through 1976, the operational name was Wilson & Muir Bankers.

In 1976, with expanded service, the name changed to Wilson & Muir Bank & Trust Co. The bank has remained in the same physical location at the present site since it was founded in 1865. The original banking house was remodeled with a classic stone facade about 1922, then expanded and renovated to the present classic exterior design in 1963. Another addition and expansion to the south was added in 1980.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

The Lafayette Hotel

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Kentucky, Nelson County, Bardstown
Black's Store and Tavern operated here on Lot #64 by 1820. Moses Black, the tavernkeeper, was also a noted coppersmith who signed his craft-work and had his copper-works in a log shop at the rear of the tavern. The new name for Black's Tavern became "Lafayette Hotel" in the summer of 1825, with the famous tour of Kentucky by the Marquis de Lafayette. The hero's welcome honored Lafayette for association with George Washington and his service to our nation during the American Revolution.

(Industry & Commerce • Patriots & Patriotism • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Butler's Landing / Bailey Butler

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Tennessee, Clay County, Celina
Butler's Landing
Daniel Boone, on his trip to the Western Territory in 1773, followed the old game and Indian trail to where two creeks flowed into the Cumberland River. He referred to them as the Twin or Double Creeks in his journal. On this trip, he spent the winter on the bluff (now known as the "Seven Sisters) down the river below what is now Butler's Landing at the mouth of the Twin Creeks-Mill Creek and Dry Fork Creek. Congress, in 1820, established the fourth post road at Butler's Landing.

Bailey Butler 1779-1842
-During the War of 1812, Bailey Butler, an early 19th century pioneer of Clay (then Jackson) County and a Captain of the West Tennessee Volunteer Militia, fought in the Battle of Talladega under Commander Andrew Jackson. Butler was named first postmaster of what became known as Butler's Landing in 1831. The first county court met nearby in 1871 on land first owned and operated by Bailey Butler and his family. The Butlers built their houses, a large log store, and operated a river ferry and landing site on the Cumberland River at is juncture with Mill Creek and Dry Fork Creek.

(Roads & Vehicles • Settlements & Settlers • War of 1812) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Veterans Memorial DeKalb County Tennessee

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Tennessee, Dekalb County, Smithfield
May the sun of righteousness shining on the American Flag glorify the sacrifice and hold in grateful remembrance the Thousands of our sons and daughters who suffered for our freedom.

(Military) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

"Snowflake" Bentley

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Vermont, Chittenden County, Jericho
For fifty years Wilson A. Bentley, a farmer and self taught scientist, developed his technique of photomicrography to reveal to the world the grandeur and mystery of the snowflake — its universal hexagonal shape and its infinite number of lovely designs.

(Notable Persons • Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Power of Niagara

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New York, Niagara County, Niagara Falls
Millions of people have been drawn to the falls over the years; some dreamed of harnessing the waters for power to run mills, factories, and power plants.

In 1757, Daniel Joncaire built a sawmill along the upper Niagara River to cut lumber for building ships and constructing a chapel at Fort Niagara. In the 1800s, mills and factories built along the American Rapids shoreline used an inlet canal for water power.

Augustus Porter, who ran a paper mill in the 1820s, envisioned a canal that would carry water from the river above the falls, through the village to the lower river gorge. Completed in 1857, the canal was not used until 1875, and then only on a limited basis.

Power Statons No. 1 & 2. In 1877, Jacob F. Schoellkopf purchased the canal, and in 1881, opened Schoellkopf Power Station No. 1. Schoellkopf Power Station No. 2 opened in 1896. The direct current (DC) both stations produced served local businesses.

In 1895, Powerhouse No. 1 (Dean Adams Station) opened along the river above the falls. The following year, when Nikola Tesla's alternating induction motor system was used, power was sent from Niagara Falls to Buffalo, New York, marking the world's first large-scale commercial transmission of alternating current (AC). Powerhouse No. 2 opened in 1905; the combined plants produced 80,000 kilowatts of electricity.

The Pan-American Exposition, held in Buffalo in 1901, was a huge success primarily due to the "famous city of lights," which used Tesla's alternating current system.

When Schoellkopf Power Station No. 3 was completed in 1924, it was one of the world's largest power stations. On June 7, 1956, a series of rock slides destroyed two-thirds of the station. One of its sections stayed on line until 1961, the year the Robert Moses Power Plant opened further downriver.

Robert Moses Power Plant today. The Robert Moses Power Plant, which opened in 1961, took advantage of the greater drop in elevation in the gorge; it produces an average of 13 billion kilowatts per hour. Photograph courtesy of The New York Power Authority.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Jersey Central Lines

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New Jersey, Somerset County, Somerville

The Central Railroad of New Jersey mainline crossed here between 1852 to 1976. The CRRNJ was the primary artery of travel to western cities by immigrants entering the United States at Ellis Island and contributed to the suburbanization to northern New Jersey. It was the first railroad to connect the Port of New York with the anthracite fields of Pennsylvania.

(Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Noel Estrada

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Puerto Rico, San Juan Municipality, San Juan
En este lugar (antigua Barbería Piñol) el compositor Noel Estrada ensayó por primera vez con el Trío Vegabajeño la canción “En mi Viejo San Juan,” grabada en 1946.

In this place (the former Barbershop Piñol) the composer Noel Estrada for the first time with the Trio Vegabajeño rehearsed the song “In My Old San Juan,” recorded in 1946.

(Arts, Letters, Music • Entertainment) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Morgan in Alexandria

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Tennessee, Dekalb County, Alexandria
From late in 1862 to mid-1863, Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg fortified his defenses in Middle Tennessee while Union Gen. William S. Rosecrans reinforced his army. To disrupt the extended Federal communication and supply lines, late in 1862 Bragg ordered Gen. John Hunt Morgan to attack the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. On this occasion, and again in 1863, Morgan initiated a cavalry raid into Kentucky from here in Alexandria.

Alexandria offered well-watered areas near the fairgrounds sufficient to assemble thousands of mounted men, a road leading north to multiple Cumberland River crossings and a supportive population. The presence of the Confederate raiders was no secret, however, and there were those who felt that Morgan’s use of the area left the residents open to Federal reprisal.

On December 22, 1862, Morgan headed north from Alexandria with 3,100 cavalrymen and several artillery pieces on his “Christmas Raid.” Five days later, he reached Elizabethtown, Kentucky, where his men destroyed Louisville and Nashville Railroad trestles and bridges, temporarily rendering the line impassible. Pursuing Federal forces failed to block his return to Tennessee.

Morgan’s most daring raid began here when, on June 11, 1863, he led 2,400 cavalrymen through Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio in the deepest penetration of the North by Confederate troops. Federal gunboats patrolling the Ohio River prevented Morgan from returning south, and tireless pursuit by Federal forces led eventually to his capture and imprisonment.

(captions)
(lower left) Morgan’s Raiders, Harper’s New Monthly Magazine (Aug. 1865)
(upper center) Gen. John Hunt Morgan Courtesy Library of Congress
(upper right) Morgan's Christmas Raid
(lower right) Morgan's Ohio Raid

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.


Gen. John H. Morgan CSA

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Tennessee, Dekalb County, Alexandria
Side 1-Gen. John H. Morgan CSA

Side 2-Gen. Morgan left here Dec. 21, 1862, with 2,500 horsemen on his Kentucky Christmas Raid. The raid concluded in Smithville Jan. 5, 1863, after the raiders captured 1887 enemy soldiers and destroyed $2,000,000 in Federal property.

Side 3-Gen. Morgan's Great Indiana and Ohio Raid began here June 11, 1863, and ended less than 100 miles from Lake Erie July 26, 1863.

Side 4-Erected by Savage-Goodner Camp 1513, 1999

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mansker Creek

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Tennessee, Sumner County, Goodlettsville
The Louisville and Nashville Railroad, among Tennessee’s most strategically important lines, closely followed Mansker Creek here, and a railroad bridge stood two miles downstream. To protect the railroad and the bridge, several companies of Union soldiers camped along Mansker Creek beginning in 1862.

On August 20, 1862, Confederate Col. John Hunt Morgan and his brigade pursued a detachment of 300 Union cavalrymen along the railroad in this vicinity. The Federals had arrested nearly all the male citizens—boys and old men—of Gallatin and were marching them along the tracks to Nashville. Morgan chased the cavalrymen down, killed most of them (allegedly shooting some after they surrendered), and attacked a nearby guard stockade. Morgan succeeded in freeing most of the civilian prisoners.

The next month, Union Col. William B. Stoke and the 5th Tennessee Cavalry returned the favor, raiding a Confederate position near Goodlettsville and surprising Confederate Col. James D. Bennett’s 9th Tennessee Cavalry (Morgan’s command). Numbering only 150 against Bennett’s 400, Stokes and his men galloped, shooting into the Confederate camp. Bennett’s men returned fire as they scattered in all directions, and the Federals chased them for at least three miles. Bennett lost 40 killed or wounded and 39 prisoners, while the Federals suffered no casualties. Stokes reported, “The way was strewn with clothing, arms, &c., showing it was a complete rout.”

(sidebar)
Union Gen. William Bowen Campbell (1807-1867) was born on Mansker Creek in 1807, either in a house on the bank about a hundred yards to your left, or in the larger brick house to your right. When the war came, both United States and the Confederate governments offered a general’s commission to Campbell, who was a Mexican War hero and former governor of Tennessee. President Abraham Lincoln commissioned him a brigadier general of volunteers in 1862, but Campbell resigned later that year because of ill health. After the war, Campbell served briefly in the U.S. Congress.

(captions)
(lower left) Louisville and Nashville Railroad
(upper center)Stockade for U.S. guard on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, Harper’s Weekly, Feb 7, 1863
(upper right) Gov. William B. Campbell Courtesy Historic Mansker’s Station Museum

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Bowen Plantation House

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Tennessee, Sumner County, Goodlettsville
The Bowen Plantation house was built in 1787 by Captain William Bowen, a veteran of Lord Dunmore’s War, the French and Indian War and the American Revolutionary War who brought his family to the area in 1783.

The Bowen Plantation House is the oldest brick house in Middle Tennessee. The bricks were formed and fired from the plentiful clay on the premises. The limestone foundation was quarried from rich sources in the area.

After being sold out of the family, the Bowen house went through a series of ownerships and was used as a tenant house until approximately 1960. After that time it was abandoned due to its deplorable condition.

In 1975, the Goodlettsville American Revolution Bicentennial Commission decided to restore the home. The Bowen-Campbell House Association was formed to carry out the project that was funded with federal and state grants along with private donations. In 1977, the structure was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.

During the restoration process, any materials salvageable were restored and reinstalled. Today, about 70% of the woodwork is original. Almost all the floorboards are original. All of the exterior doors were restored and one door still remains the original lock. The house was opened for tours in 1980.

(Settlements & Settlers • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Doughboy

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California, San Francisco City and County, San Francisco

This grove is dedicated to the memory of the members of the San Francisco Parlors, Native Sons of the Golden West, who gave their lives in the World's Wars I and II.

World War I 1917-1918 Thomas J. Brady • Sylvan Brilliant • Herman Gassens • Angelo Cincotta • Victor H. Davis • Narcisco de Santi • Dennis A. Dineen • Harold C. Feldbusch • John F. Fitzpatrick • William Griffin • William Hagedorn • Ernest C. Hartmann • Raymond Healy • Leonard Husing • Leon Jacquemet • Arthur E. Johnson • Walter P. Kenny • Frank T. Legnitto • Henry Mack • Henry F. Margey • Thomas J. McDermott • Rudolph C. Mehrtens • Alfred J. Murphy • John Murray • Frederick J. Nash • Albert W. Nonnenmann • Gustave J. Nonnenmann • Hugo Oliva • Oscar Peterson • Louis G. Schaeffer • Forrest E. Stout • Edward J. Strohmeier • Robert H. Sturtevant • Lawrence E. Sweeney • William G. Thompson • John J. Ward • George W. White • Leon Vander White • Alfred W. Wright

World War II 1941-1945 John Besch • Roy Bruneman • Herbert W. Butti • Edward H. Cordova • (Names hidden by flowers) • William F. McGuffin • Robert J. Mooney • James R. Mullane Jr. • Robert C. Regan • Thomas E. Reilly • John J. Roche • Alfred A. Schafer • Owen P. Stenson

(War, World I • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Casa Natal de Don Ramón Power y Giralt

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Puerto Rico, San Juan Municipality, San Juan
En esta casa nació en 1775 Don Ramón Power y Giralt diputado por Puerto Rico y Primer Vicepresidente de las Cortes de Cádiz (1810–1813) donde logró importantes reformas sociales, políticas y económicas en defensa de los derechos de su patria y de América. Murió en Cádiz en 1813.

In this house in 1775 was born Don Ramón Power y Giralt, deputy for Puerto Rico and First Vice President of the Cortes in Cádiz (1810-1813) where he made ​​important social, political and economic reforms defending the rights of his homeland, and of America’s. He died in Cadiz in 1813.

(Colonial Era) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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