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Herb Caen Way

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California, San Francisco City and County, San Francisco
Herb Caen published his first column in the San Francisco Chronicle July 5, 1938; he won the Pulitzer Prize in 1996. His last weekday column appeared January 10, 1997 when he moved to the San Francisco Examiner in 1950, 30,000 subscribers went with him. He returned in 1958, and 35,000 subscribers came back.

Illustration 1
Herb Caen, drawn by Dugald Stermer

Photograph 2
Past Midnight, as the Last Streetcar Stops at the Ferry Building, October, 1941
Herb Caen: Famed are the nights of San Francisco for the stuff of which storybooks are made... San Francisco, the city born with the soul of harridan, is more herself at night when street lights flicker up on her hills and in her valleys. The night becomes her. Suddenly there are implications of melodrama in the blackness of the Bay, splotched, here and there with amber reflections from the bridges... You can hear the water sighing over the rotten timbers of the piers... Cable car slots sing more loudly along the quiet streets, and the fog drifts in and out of alleys, turning them into stage sets for a play that needs no actors. October 12, 1949

Photograph 3
Hyde Street Cable Car Heads Over the Lip of the Hill, Alcatraz Off-Shore, May 17, 1988
Herb Caen: The Truth is that like many a country bay before me, I respond to the city. I’m at home where the tall buildings grow, where the hustlers hustle and the buses bustle, and the best way to climb a mountain is on cable car, clinging to the outside step and watching all those natural beauties teeter past on high heels. Give me a place where you can pick up the phone, and call room service and have anything in the world delivered on a silver tray in 15 minutes. July 1, 1960

Photograph 3
Filbert Street Steps on Telegraph Hill Herb Caen: It was a long, slow June dusk, daylight – saved beyond its normal span for an enchanting hour or two. I was standing on a deck on Telegraph Hill, looking out at a view as though I’d never seen it before... 60,000 people says the census, had elected to live elsewhere... Soft glow through glass doors, murmur of voices through open windows, flicker of cigarettes, tinkle of ice cubes – and a thousand and one eyes trapped by the endless magnetism of the view; the amber bridge, the disembodied lights of moving ships... $500 a month apartments next to $50 shacks, and all of them looking at the wonder of it... the 60,000 who gave up the title San Franciscan, had turned their backs on the sea, sky, hill and velvet night... I just stood there and looked around and felt sorry for them. June 19, 1960

Photograph 4
Supervisor Harvey Milk in Gay Freedom Parade, June 26, 1978
Five Months Later

Herb Caen: Horror upon horror, shock upon shock. The Mayor, a good man is dead. The Supervisor, a good man is dead... George Moscone and Harvey Milk had much in common. They were joyous men, celebrants of life, believers in people. They were eminently sane and reasonable. It they has any faults, they were those of generosity and a willingness to think the best. They loved their friends and they loved San Francisco... In the best sense of the word. George Moscone was a sweet man. Harvey Milk was a sweet man. November 28, 1978

Photograph 5
Standees Enjoy Supper and Keep their Place in Line in the Opera House Lobby, Opening Night, September 5, 1986.
Herb Caen: The opera opening is not only the city’s leading tradition, topping cirrhosis of the liver... Grand opera is a splendid anachronism, going back to Enrico Caruso being thrown out of bed during the ’06 earthquake and saying, “I’ll never set foot in that city again!”...I enjoy the intermission when the standees sit and the sittees stand and head for the mezzanine bar. Why is the bar so tiny in relation to the grand theater? Because the opera house was built during prohibition, the culturatti stayed in their box seats drinking out of silver flasks. September 9, 1986

Right side of the pylon
Herb Caen on San Francisco

Herb Caen wrote on June 15, 1958:
Funny old town. The bridges replace the ferries and the city promptly got too big for its bridges, wherefore the ferries are still running, but the bridge trains aren’t... The sign on the Stockton Tunnel – “Quiet Through the Tunnel” is a signal for every motorist to blow his horn and horn, and the Broadway Tunnel, built to eliminate bottlenecks, has become one. The rich people in Pacific Heights affect small-cars as a public denial of their wealth, and the people in the Fillmore by expensive big cars to compensate for the fact that they aren’t allowed to live anywhere but in tenements.

Herb Caen wrote on February 17, 1970:
“I’d like to have lunch at some place that is typically old San Francisco,” said Baron Phillipe de Rothchild last week to his good friend Art Dealer Bill Person – so Bill took him to Tadich’s which being typically San Franciscan, doesn’t take reservations. After they had waited 30 minutes in the crowded little bar room, the Baron sighed: “I dislike doing things like this, but perhaps it would help if you told him who I am”... “I dislike telling you this, grinned Bill, “but I did, 15 minutes ago.”

Herb Caen wrote on August 19, 1970:
Sculptor Beniamino Bufano was dead... To many times we made him out to be the clown, too many times he went along with the gag because he was a genuinely sweet guy... We’d indulge his fantasies: that he had chopped off an index finger and mailed it to Woodrow Wilson to protest U.S. involvement in the first World War, that he posed for the profile on the old Indian head five cent piece. None of his stories checked out. All he cared about was his art...

Herb Caen wrote on May 21, 1972:
I looked around at the city, first broiling under the sun, then shivering in the cold, a creature of San Francisco, never dressed quite right, always fascinated by the changing patterns, marveling at the infinite variety produced by the westering breezes – the lovely maddening breezes that fill the streets with debris as they sweep the sky clear. San Francisco ghost town forever, visible only on foggy days – clipper ships and robber barons, blowzy B-girls and big busted dowagers. Jack London in a rowboat and Bill Saroyan on a bicycle, Lucius Beebe fastidiously dusting off a seat with a silk handkerchief before sitting down at Izzy Gomez’s place.

Left side of the pylon
Herb Caen on Herb Caen

Herb Caen wrote on July 23, 1978:
In July of 1936, Paul C. Smith, the then “wonder boy” editor of the Chronicle imported me from the Sacramento Union for a copy boy, to be moved up later. He was at least 27 then, and I was 20. “I’m hiring you, kid,” he said, “so there’ll be somebody on the paper younger than I am.” I became the paper’s radio editor, writing a column 7 days a week, turning out an entire page on Sunday... The Depression was still on and $50 a week went a long way. Furthermore, I was dizzy with excitement at being a San Franciscan, still am 42 years later.

Herb Caen wrote on June 15, 1958:
Bagdad by the Bay. You have to have loved the city for a long time before you earn the right to knock it. I’ve loved this city for a long time, although my credentials are suspect. I was born in Sacramento. However, I was conceived at the 1915 Exposition on the Marina; my parents spent all summer here and I was born next April. Not as good as being born in Golden Gate Park in April 1906, but not too bad either.

Herb Caen wrote on June 14, 1996:
When told that the central waterfront walkway was going to be named Herb Caen Promenade in his honor, Caen objected – “Promenade – it’s a French word. Who needs it. I don’t even know what it means. I think you spread it on toast or something.”
Herb Caen Way became the official name of the walkway by the waterfront where this pylon appears.

Embedded around the base


(Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 9 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

New Richmond Historical Timeline

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Michigan, Allegan County, near Fennville

  • 1825 - Trading post established by Louis Campau (a Frenchman) at the mouth of the Rabbit River approximately one mile upstream from what is now New Richmond.
  • 1825 - Mack’s Landing trading post established where Purdy’s Landing is now located. So begins this area’s notoriety as a main way point of goods being transferred up and down the Kalamazoo River.
  • 1836 - John Allen, from Ann Arbor, comes to Allegan county and maps the first village in what is to become Manilus Township. He employs Ralph Mann to oversee the development of “Richmond City,” named after Allen’s hometown of Richmond, Virginia.
  • 1837 - After the prospect of Allen’s city faded, Mann moves south one mile and builds the first hydro-powered wood mill in the area. Many more will follows.
  • 1837 - First post office established in Richmond operating until 1839 before it is closed.
  • 1838 - First settler, James McCormick, comes to Richmond. McCormick purchases 160 acres and begins lucrative fruit farming industry in the area.
  • 1839 - Manilus Township is created through an act of legislation and the first township meeting is held at the home of Ralph Mann. John Allen is elected supervisor and Ralph Mann is elected Justice of the Peace.
  • 1840's - As lumber and fruit industries are booming more residents come to New Richmond. John Gidley (1842), Jonathon Wade (1844), Asa and Norman Bowker (1845), Thomas and Daniel Lamoureux (1845) and others.
  • 1842 - The first wooden bridge to connect the north and south banks of the Kalamazoo River is built. It collapses under the weight of an ox-cart in 1849.
  • 1843 - Post office is opened in village of Manilus where it operates until 1872. It is then moved to the village of Richmond (developed by H.F. Marsh). Upon applying for designation it is learned that there is already a Richmond in Michigan (Macomb County) and the name was changed to “New Richmond.”
  • 1856 - The second wooden bridge to connect the north and south banks of the Kalamazoo River is built, but it collapses under the weight of a stagecoach in 1877.
  • 1871 - First railroad tracks made it to New Richmond. The Chicago & Michigan Lakeshore Railroad expands out to New Richmond to bring goods to the main shipping ports of Lake Michigan. This later becomes the Pere Marquette Line.
  • 1874 - Manilus Village becomes less and less important. Ralph Mann’s saw mill closes after the destruction of the mill race. Tavern located in Manilus burns to the ground. The station at New Richmond becomes center of activity.
  • 1879 - “New Richmond Bridge” is built at a cost of $5000. The new swing bridge is built the Milwaukee Iron Bridge Company and has a wooden deck with an iron frame.
  • 1879 - Almost simultaneously the railroad builds a bridge next to the new swing bridge.
  • 1880's - With lumber resources dwindling in the region, industry begins to slow down. Coal comes into use as a fuel and the demand for wood grows less on the market. The mills that do stay open concentrate on hard woods for the growing furniture industry in West Michigan.
  • 1915 - Some time between 1915 and 1920, Paul Gamby is thought to have operated the swing bridge for the last time. The machinery then became encased in rust.
  • 1976 - Allegan County closes the bridge to vehicular traffic. “Concerned Citizens for the New Richmond Bridge” is formed after hearing of plans for demolishing the bridge.
  • 1979 - The bridge is re-opened after the citizen group and the County Road Commission collaborate on a renovation project. There was a parade of vintage cars passing over the bridge to commemorate the event.
  • 1979 - The New Richmond Bridge is put on the State Register of Historic Places.
  • 1997 - The New Richmond Bridge is once again closed to vehicular traffic by the Allegan Road Commission.
  • 1998 - The New Richmond Bridge is put on the National Register of Historic Places.
  • 2001 - Allegan County Road Commission receives federal funding for the complete restoration of the New Richmond swing bridge.
  • 2004 - Restoration of the New Richmond Bridge is completed. The bridge, now open to pedestrian traffic only, will be the centerpiece for a new Allegan County Park.


(Bridges & Viaducts • Industry & Commerce • Railroads & Streetcars • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Railroad & New Richmond

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Michigan, Allegan County, near Fennville
The railroad has been a central component of New Richmond’s history from the very beginning. The first railroad bridge crossing the Kalamazoo River at New Richmond was completed in 1871. It was originally built for the Chicago & Michigan Lake Shore Railroad and was in service until just after the turn of the 20th century, at which time the current railroad bridge was then constructed.

Construction on the existing railroad bridge was completed in 1907. It is a metal deck and girder bridge that was built by the American Bridge Company of New York City, New York. It, like the New Richmond Bridge (57th St. Bridge) that runs parallel, was designed as a swing bridge to allow riverboat traffic to move up and down the Kalamazoo River.

A swing bridge is a type of bridge which has a section of the bridge that can pivot to open the span when needed. They have an axle in the middle of the span which is affixed to a pier in the middle of the river. The swinging bridge segment then rotates on its axle. Like other bridges, swing bridges are often connected to fixed spans, with the swing portion used for the passage of freighter traffic.

The mechanical components of the swing mechanism on the bridge have long since been removed although the presence of an extra pier gives away the bridge’s past. This extra pier was used as the swing pier. Also visible is the main gear that was used to turn the bridge.

Today this rail line is owned by CSX Transportation and continues to be very active. It is crossed by 20 to 30 trains each day. Because this crossing is through the Kalamazoo River Valley, the trains are typically moving quite slow as they approach the river. Their slow speed and relatively close proximity, combined with the unobstructed view can provide fantastic viewing and photo opportunities for visitors to the park.

(Bridges & Viaducts • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

New Richmond History

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Michigan, Allegan County, near Fennville
New Richmond got its start in 1836, when three eastern investors, led by John Allen of Ann Arbor, arranged to found a city here. John Allen, a Virginian by birth, purchased 2240 acres in Allegan County on the north side of the Kalamazoo River just west of its confluence with the Rabbit River in Manlius Township.

Allen’s plan was for a town whose existence would be based on saw mills. He platted the village of “Richmond”, after his home town of Richmond, Virginia. The village was originally platted just a bit north and west of the present location. Elaborate maps were printed by Allen in 1836, hoping to use them to attract prospective investors and settlers. After some land was cleared, a general store and some houses were built and in November 1837, a post office open named “Richmond”. (After Allen’s business venture failed in 1838 due to financial depression following the Panic of 1837, this original post office closed in October 1839).

Then in 1844, Ralph R. Mann, who had originally been hired by Allen to direct improvements at Richmond, moved a mile and a half south along what was later called Mann Creek and built a water-powered sawmill on the river, damming the creek and creating a long narrow mill pond. On the northeast end of the pond, Johnson Parsons built a store, John Roe opened a tavern and Randall Curtis started a tannery. This settlement became known as “Manlius” and a post office opened there in July of 1846. Curtis also became the first postmaster of Manlius in 1846. Mail was received at Manlius from Allegan and dispatched from there on the mouth of the river.

In 1851, E.A. Fenn, who would later found the city of Fennville, arrived from the east. For his first Michigan home, Fenn chose land near the village of Manlius because, “it seemed desirable to located near as lively and promising a village as Manlius.”

One of the earliest bridges to span the Kalamazoo River at this point was built in 1842 by Ralph R. Mann. This was a wooden bridge that was later replaced in 1879 by an iron swing bridge, which you see here today. This iron bridge was designed to have the center span pivot to allow riverboat traffic up and down the Kalamazoo and operated in this capacity until the 1920's. The iron bridge was open until 1997, when it was closed to vehicular traffic. In 2005 the iron swing bridge was restored to its original splendor and it was re-opened to pedestrian traffic only. It now serves as the centerpiece t the New Richmond Bridge County Park.

When the railroad passed through Manlius Township in 1871 it ran parallel to Mann Creek and the millpond and a depot was built near the settlement, on the west side of the creek. For a while, Manlius was a station on the Chicago and North Western Railway. The railroad stopped there through the summer in 1878, although at certain times of the year only one train stopped there regularly and all others had to be flagged.

With the coming of the railroad, H.F. Marsh laid out a new village of Richmond just to the south of the original site. The new community prospered and after a time supplanted Manlius in importance. In October 1872, the post office in Manlius was closed and another was established in the new settlement. However, because there was already a Richmond in Michigan the name of this settlement was changed to “New Richmond”. Eventually the post office was moved to the Lamoureux store and remained opened until 1979.

After the demise of Manlius, New Richmond became the principal railroad station and for 25 years served as the supply point for all the county along the river between there and Lake Michigan. The site was chosen as a station because of its convenience to Saugatuck and Douglas and as soon as the railroad was completed in 1871, postal and passenger communication was opened between these points and established a connection that lasted until the interurban line from Holland to Saugatuck gave a quicker means of access to the villages at the mouth of the river.

In 1871, E.J. Wheelock opened the Richmond House in 1871, with rooms to accommodate over 30 guests. A dry goods store was opened at about the same time by Capt. A.H. Coates, and another general store started by N.J. Sherman opened in September of the same year. Marsh had also built a store and a second hotel called the Western Hotel which was run by the Lamoureux family.

Over time two taverns were opened in New Richmond. Gilbert Lamoureux opened another store and the business activity of the hamlet increased. The stage coaches that ran to Saugatuck added to the activity in the village, and with lumbering and an increasing fruit farming industry in the vicinity, New Richmond enjoyed considerable prestige.

From the late 1800's up until the late 1920's or so, New Richmond continued to gain popularity as a tourist destination, at one point having as many as four hotels. Steamboat service was available to Saugatuck and Douglas and daily stagecoach service was available to Holland. A series of fires occurred during those years, burning the sawmills and several of the hotels. At some point, little else remained other than a few houses, the post office and the bridges. Over time, New Richmond gradually became the quiet, peaceful location it is today.

The last remaining hotel which was abandoned for a number of years, is still standing and was purchased and renovated in the late 1990's and is now known as the New Richmond House and is located next to the former post office.

(Bridges & Viaducts • Industry & Commerce • Railroads & Streetcars • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fifty-Seventh Street Bridge

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Michigan, Allegan County, near Fennville
Spanning the Kalamazoo River, this 422-foot bridge is one of Michigan’s longest pony truss highway bridges, and among the oldest surviving swing bridges in the United States. The Milwaukee Bridge and Iron Company fabricated the $5,000 structure, which has four primary and eight short approach spans, to serve traffic on Fifty-Seventh Street near New Richmond. Of the four primary Warren pony truss spans, three date from 1879 (including an 89-foot long swing span) and one from 1899. To allow boats to pass, a bridge tender rotated open the swing span. The bridge was closed to motor vehicles in 1997 and rehabilitated for use by pedestrians in 2003. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

(Bridges & Viaducts) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

War Memorial

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Missouri, Clay County, North Kansas City


War
Since recorded history, one of the tragedies of man's existence is war. Wars are started by leaders and finished by citizens of the country they represent - and always at a terrible cost in human lives.

These memorials will help you appreciate the sacrifices made so Americans can enjoy the freedoms of today. Figures inscribed on the memorials include both combat-related deaths and non-hostile (accident, disease, etc.) deaths.

It is the intent that the reader who moves to each of the stations will reflect as to why we have provided these monuments in our Memorial Park - "Lest We Forget" our history and the sacrifices of many that have made America the great nation that it is.

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Revolutionary War
April 19, 1775 - September 3, 1783
Dead 25,324 • Wounded 8,445

The quest for a government that would foster the freedoms we now enjoy spawned the development of our nation's laws.

American colonists enjoyed the freedoms of their new homeland. Yet, over the years, the British continued to abuse American rights and liberties. "The revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people," said John Adams. So, on July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence.

This war gave birth to a new nation that won its freedom on the battlefield, soon becoming a beacon of liberty in the Western Hemisphere.

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War of 1812
June 8, 1812 - February 17, 1815
Dead 2,784 • Wounded 4,505

Although regional opposition to our second war with Britain was strong, it was fought for U.S. maritime rights and allowed for expansion into the Old Northwest (Ohio region) and the Southwest. By heightening our sense of national purpose, the War of 1812 increased national patriotism and unity. It also signaled significant strides toward cultural, political and economic independence, including consolidation of the nation's military establishment and a rapid rise in manufacturing. From this point on, the U.S. and Britain have settled their international disputes peacefully.

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Mexican War
May 8, 1846 - February 2, 1848
Dead 3,283 • Wounded 4,152

America's first full-fledged foreign land war expanded the United States from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, making the nation a continental power. The acquisition of the lands resulting from the Mexican War eventually created most or all of six new Southwestern states. Though controversial, especially in New England, the war changed the entire course of American history by giving the nation a direct stake in the affairs of Asia.

The war also extended the debate over slavery in relation to the organization of the newly acquired territory from Mexico. A political by-product of the was was intensification of the debate over slavery and setting in motion a chain of events that led to the Civil War.

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Civil War
April 12, 1861 - May 26, 1865
Union & Confederate Casualties
Dead 618,022 • Wounded 382,881

One of the greatest tragedies and challenges any country can experience is civil war. America's Civil War tested a young nation. It transformed the entire country from adolescence to maturity. It turned brother against brother, separated and destroyed families and friends, and was a turning point in U.S. history. On its outcome hinged the survival of a unified nation, the maintenance of majority rule, and the success of the American experiment in liberty and equality.

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Spanish-American War
April 21 - August 12, 1898
Dead 2,983 • Wounded 1,637
Philippines War
February 4, 1899 - July 4, 1902
Dead 4,273 • Wounded 2,840

The United States became a world power as a direct result of the war against Spain. Spain was ejected from the Western Hemisphere and Cuba won its freedom. The resulting build-up of U.S. international defenses, including construction of the Panama Canal, catapulted the country into colonial power politics. America found itself engaged in a highly controversial colonial war in the Philippines with far-reaching strategic and political repercussions during the 20th century.

Some Americans thought such imperial holdings were of dubious value - embroiling the U.S. in the affairs of nations in which it had no business. Others believed it was America's destiny to branch out across the Pacific. One indisputable fact remains - the nation's foreign policy course was unalterably changed forever.

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World War I
April 6, 1917 - November 11, 1918
Dead 116,708 • Wounded 204,002

The American public was decidedly opposed to intervention in Europe's war. Germany's attacks on and sinking of United States merchant and unarmed passenger ships, however, caused our nation to declare war on the Central Powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary). America's military involvement in the war lifted Allied morale and strengthened their battered armies.

Defeat of the Central Powers advanced the principle of self-determination. Independence was granted to subject peoples, creating new nations in Europe.

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World War II
Dec. 7, 1941 - Sept. 2, 1945
Dead 408,306 • Wounded 670,846

In 1941, when the United States was forced into war after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the entire country gathered together to create a unified effort against the Axis powers whose plan was to dominate the world. American men, women, and machines were sent all over the world to various fronts, into combat and into history. Those men and women have been called the greatest generation any society has ever produced. Their effort and sacrifice changed the course of world history.

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Korean War
June 25, 1950 - July 27, 1953
Dead 36,891 • Wounded 103,284

Only five years had passed since the end of World War II. A war-weary United States was drawn into a major international conflict as North Korea attacked South Korea. Determined to support the world's imperiled democracies, the United States led a United Nations force into combat. That force rolled Communist aggression back across the 38th Parallel and allowed South Korea to develop a stable nation.

They went not for conquest and not for gain,
but only to protect the anguished and the innocent.
They suffered greatly and by their heroism
in a thousand forgotten battles they added a
luster to the codes we hold most dear:
duty, honor, country, fidelity, bravery, integrity...

William Sessions
Former FBI Director and Korean War veteran

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Vietnam War
August 4, 1964 - January 27, 1973
Dead 58,220 • Wounded 153,303

Our nation's involvement in the Vietnam War divided American society. Many Americans felt we should not have intervened. But America wanted to stem the tide of communism in Asia. United States advisors arrived as early as 1950. GI's became directly involved in combat in 1965. United States military intervention ended in March 1973. Approximately 2.6 million Americans served in the war zone. Despite the political outcome, American soldiers, sailors, airmen and Marines fought with heroism and determination under some of the most difficult circumstances ever encountered by American military personnel.

————————————
Post World War II
Military Actions
1945 to Present • Dead 932

Military operations since 1945 have served varied purposes. Other than war, our military forces have been used to keep world peace, advise and defend allies, demonstrate diplomatic resolve, maintain freedom of the seas, rescue hostages, evacuate American citizens, avert full-scale war and thwart terrorism. Tragically, war and terrorist strikes continue to take innocent human life.

Many of the actions up through 1989 fall collectively under the Cold War - the struggle against international communism in which 357 of our military were killed as a result of hostile actions. Since communism's collapse, most U.S. military efforts have been dedicated to peacekeeping. Nine hundred and thirty two men and women have lost their lives during this service as of the year 2000.

————————————
Lest We Forget
Freedom is Not Free

Fix your eyes upon the greatness of your country
as you have it before you day by day.
And when you feel her great,
remember that her greatness
was won by men with courage,
with knowledge of their duty
and with a sense of honor in action,
who, even if they failed in some venture,
would not think of depriving
their country of their powers
but laid them at her feet as their fairest offering.
Pericles 490 B.C. - 429 B.C.

(Patriots & Patriotism • Peace • War, Vietnam • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 19 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Glacial Ice Dam

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Idaho, Bonner County, Hope

Glaciers advanced and retreated a dozen times or more
Damming Glacial Lake Missoula
Bursting with gargantuan force
Flooding areas 400 miles away
Shaping today's landscape in Idaho, Washington and Oregon

Glacial ice above lake level.
Tall as a 200 story building above lake level
Rose 4 times as tall as Seattle's 605ft Space Needle
Total depth of ice may have exceeded 3,500 feet when reaching to the lake's rock bed

Only the mountains with peaks rising above 4,500 ft. in elevation would have been visible from top of the glacier.

(Environment • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Glacial Lake Missoula

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Idaho, Bonner County, Hope

Force of energy unleashed was hundreds of times the explosive energy of Mt. Saint Helens

Flood events occurred more than a dozen times before the last torrential cataclysm of 12-15,000 years ago

Glacial Lake Missoula and the Channeled Scablands - US Forest Service Glacial Map, Missoula

(Environment • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Corliss Steam Engine

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Washington, Pend Oreille County, Newport

Engine Data
478 Horsepower
22 in. cylinder – 42 in. stroke
120 lbs. PSI steam pressure
63,000 lbs. in weight

Wheel Data
16 Ft. in diameter
100 RPM
42 in. face
20,000 lbs. in weight

The Big Wheel was manufactured by Allis Chalmers in 1909 and moved to Newport by the Fidelity Lumber Co. It was in continuous service for 55 yrs. cutting over 1 billion feet of lumber.
In 1964 the engine was donated to the Newport JC’s by the Diamond National Corporation to preserve a part of a passing era. The Newport JC’s then moved and erected the engine at this site.

It was dedicated by Gov. Daniel J. Evans June 14, 1965 and presented to the city of Newport.

(Horticulture & Forestry • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 9 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Moyie River Canyon

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Idaho, Boundary County, near Bonners Ferry

(front side)
Constructed in 1964, the 1223 ft. long steel truss bridge spans the Moyie River Canyon at a height of 464 ft. It replaces the old bridge built in 1923 and 1.25 miles of narrow, winding highway. It is the second highest bridge in Idaho, exceeded only by the 476 ft. high Perinne Memorial Bridge across the Snake River near Twin Falls.
The power dam, constructed by the City of Bonners Ferry, supplies electricity to the surrounding area. The original dam built in 1921 was razed in 1959 on completion of the new dam. The spillway is 83 ft. high and the drop is 212 ft. from top of dam to lower pool. Niagara Falls has a drop of 168 ft.
The 100 mile long Moyie River has its headwaters in British Columbia and flows to the Pacific Ocean by way of the Kootenai and Columbia Rivers.

This Viewpoint and Rest Area is maintained by the Idaho Department of Highways.

(back side)
Below is the Moyie River, passing through this canyon and flowing toward its confluence with the Kootenai River, approximately 1.5 miles downstream. The river flows south from Canada and at this location is flanked by narrow terraces and steep rocky slopes. Also visible is the Movie River Hydroelectric Project, owned and operated by the City of Bonners Ferry for the benefit of its citizens. A diversion dam that spans the river and a powerhouse were the first concrete structures on the site and were built in 1921-22. Two additional powerhouses were completed in 1941 and 1982, and the 92-foot high concrete dam was completed in 1949. Moyie Falls, just upstream from the powerhouses, can be seen from a viewpoint on the entry road. Best viewing times are during the spring and early summer months, when natural river flows bypass the project and flow over the falls. When river flows are low, good viewing is also provided during daylight hours on weekends in June, July, and August, when the City bypasses flow around the project to enhance the visual experience. See above map for directions to a parking area located near the falls. A short walk to the viewpoint is required. NOTE: ROAD ACCESS NOT SUITABLE FOR LARGE RVs OR TRAILERS

(Bridges & Viaducts • Man-Made Features • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Estancia (2)

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New Mexico, Torrance County, Estancia
Population 1,830 - Elevation 6,190 Incorporated in 1909 and County Seat of Torrance County since 1905. Estancia is located in an enclosed valley or basin. It was ranching county until the early 20th century, when the coming of the railroad opened it up to homesteaders and farmers. Pinto Beans were the best known local crop until the 1950's.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Tiguex Province

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New Mexico, Sandoval County, Rio Rancho
More the one hundred prehistoric and historic pueblos and other archeological sites and over 15,000 petroglyphs or rock art sites give ample evidence of the occupation of this valley for at least 12,000 years. Spanish explorers who came into the area in the sixteenth century gave the name "Tiguex Province to the dozen or more Tiwa-speaking Indian pueblos (towns)they found in the middle of the Rio Grande Valley.

(Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Salt Missions Trail

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New Mexico, Torrance County, Estancia
Estancia. "Resting Place" Has been on the map since 1776. Known for its spring fed pond. Now its a city park. It become the County Seat in 1905 and was the scene of the last hanging in New Mexico in 1922.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Record Cold Spot

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Montana, Lewis and Clark County, near Augusta

The coldest official temperature ever recorded in the continental United States occurred at a mining camp near here January 20, 1954 when the temperature dropped to 70 degrees below zero.

(Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Justice in the Wild West

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New Mexico, Chaves County, Roswell

Before the construction of the elegant courthouse that stands here today, a smaller courthouse constructed in 1890 was home to Roswell’s judicial system. In 1889, prior to construction, Captain Joseph C. Lea, Charles Eddy, and Pat Garrett (the famous former lawman), journeyed to Santa Fe where they petitioned for the creation of two new counties: Chavez (named for Colonel J. Francisco Chavez) and Eddy (named for Charles Eddy). Their petition was approved, and Roswell became the county seat of Chaves. The first county elections were held in 1890; new officials took office and organized the Chaves County government on January 1, 1891. The current courthouse was built in 1911 in celebration of New Mexico’s impending statehood.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Gallatin City Hotel - 1868

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Montana, Gallatin County, near Three Forks

Built by Jarvis Akin, the Hotel was originally a one-room building of hand-hewn logs. It was the center of Gallatin City's social life; travelers sometimes complained of not being able to sleep because of the ruckus. As the town died, the Hotel was turned into a barn; later, sections of it were torn down and carted away to be used elsewhere.

(Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lewis and Clark reach the Headwaters

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Montana, Gallatin County, near Three Forks

You are standing at the headwaters of the great Missouri River. The Jefferson and Madison Rivers converge with the Gallatin joining one mile downstream to become the Missouri River. Here, the famed explorers accomplished a major goal of their expedition: to explore the Missouri River to its source. The camped here for several days, exploring the area while the prepared to continue their journey.

(Exploration • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Orange Town Pound

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Massachusetts, Franklin County, Orange
Used to hold stray farm animals until claimed by their owners. A fee was paid for their release. Most colonial towns had a pound; this is one of very few still standing.

(Agriculture • Colonial Era • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Women of Courage

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West Virginia, Wood County, Parkersburg
Aunt Jenny, African American, who blew horn at the "Point" as signal to river boats, served as "Conductor" on the Underground Railroad. Jane, of "low stature and very fleshy," "lame in one leg," and age 50, escaped Aug. 1843 with seven of her children from the Harness Plantation on Bull Creek near Parkersburg. Two were captured in Marietta and returned; a reward of $450 did not entice return of others.

(Abolition & Underground RR • African Americans) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Escape to Freedom

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West Virginia, Wood County, Parkersburg
The Ohio R. was a major gateway to freedom for enslaved Africans via the Underground Railroad, a clandestine network of people, places, routes, and modes of transportation used in their flight from bondage. Network's peak activity was between 1830 and 1865. African American and white men and women called "Conductors," helped escaping Africans to freedom across to Ohio and points north to Canada.

(Abolition & Underground RR • African Americans) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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