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Cosson Family Tragedy

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Florida, Walton County, DeFuniak Springs
In 1936, James Marvin Cosson Sr. moved his family to this location about one-half mile east of the Eglin Army Airfield to have more land to farm and to provide for his wife, Annie Bell Cosson, and their four children. During World War II, Eglin Airfield served as a major testing and training ground for bombing missions. The Army Air Corps regularly performed training missions at the Eglin bombing range, located about three miles west of the Cosson home. On the evening of August 11, 1944, as nine members of the Cosson family gathered at the house to socialize, live fragmentation bombs accidentally began to fall on the family homestead. Two bombs fell near the house, killing four and seriously injuring five members of the Cosson family. The accident occurred during a normal bombing test run and was attributed to the failure of a mechanical releasing device, which caused the aircraft’s bombs not to be released until after the plane had traveled past the bombing test area. Other training accidents took place in Florida during World War II, but the Cosson family tragedy was the worst of the war. In 1980, Congress passed a bill providing a yearly payment to the most seriously injured survivor of the Cosson family tragedy.

(Disasters • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Eucheeanna Community

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Florida, Walton County, DeFuniak Springs
Eucheeanna, the first Scottish settlement in territorial Florida, was named in honor of the Euchee Indians. Tradition holds that the first slave child was born in the settlement. Eucheeanna consisted of a school, court house, jail, Masonic and Odd Fellows halls, general stores, a sawmill and a grist mill. The first monument in Florida erected to confederate dead was located in Eucheeanna in 1868 by the Ladies’ Monument Association. At that time, Eucheeanna was the county seat for Walton County until the court house was burned by an arsonist in May, 1885. On May 27, 1886, a commission approved moving the Walton County seat to DeFuniak Springs. Finally, the monument was moved to Euchee Valley Presbyterian Church and later moved to DeFuniak Springs. The Civil War came to Eucheeanna on September 23, 1864 when the federal troops, under General Ashboth, came to raze and plunder on their way to Marianna and Tallahassee.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Moss Hill

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Florida, Washington County, Vernon
Early settlers, attracted by the fertile Coosada (later Holmes) Old Fields, established a log schoolhouse Methodist mission near here soon after Spain ceded Florida to the United Stated in 1820. The first Methodist ministerial assignment between the Apalachicola River and Pensacola was made to the Holmes Valley Mission. During the early history of Washington County, court terms were held here or in the home of a nearby settler. A church was erected here in 1857.

(Churches, Etc. • Education • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Vernon, Florida

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Florida, Washington County, Vernon
In the 1820s, settlers arrived in the area around present-day Vernon. One of the earliest was Stephen J. Roche who built a trading post on Holmes Creek and called it “Roche’s Bluff.” The town of Vernon developed near the trading post. On December 9, 1825, Washington County became the third county in west Florida. In 1851, Vernon was named as the first permanent county seat of Washington County. Located at the intersection of a military road and Holmes Creek, Vernon became a natural crossroads for travelers and commerce between Tallahassee and Pensacola. Stagecoaches and small steamships transported passengers, mail, and merchandise through Vernon. When a railroad was built across the northern part of the county, Vernon lost its prominence as a center of business and government. In 1927, the county seat was moved to Chipley. Vernon played a significant role in the history of northwest Florida and, today, remains an important link in the network of towns that serve the citizens of the area.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Kudzu Developed Here

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Florida, Washington County, Chipley
Kudzu, brought to this country from Asia as an ornamental, was developed near here in the early part of the Twentieth Century and given to the world as a soil-saving, high-protein forage plant by Mr. and Mrs. C.E. Pleas. The fast-growing, deep-rooted leguminous vine has been widely grown in the United States as a drought-resisting, erosion-controlling plant that compares with alfalfa in pasture and hay-making values.

(Agriculture • Horticulture & Forestry) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Falling Waters State Park

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Florida, Washington County, near Chipley
Side 1:
Park development started in 1963 on this hill, which has an elevation of 322 feet and a limestone base. A stream flowing from the hill plunges over a cliff and disappears through an underground channel. Some sinks and caverns are near the falls, which powered an early grist mill. A pioneer era whisky distillery was nearby. Indians and others mined the area for colorfully pigmented rocks used in making paints and dyes. The area was the scene of early oil-drilling efforts, as well as the site of a one-room school and a large horticultural nursery. (See other side) Side 2:
Local Advisory Council
(Members during Initial Development Era)
E.W. Carswell, Ralph C. Carter, Mrs. Jane Horne, W.M. Nelson, Hubert A. Prescott, Mrs. Ola Robertson, W.C. Snaidman.

Florida Board of Parks and Historic Memorials
Robert S. Baynard, E.W. Carswell, Dr. James T. Cook, Dr. Kathryn Abbey Hanna, N. Earl Jones, John D. Pennekamp John Fite Robertson, Mrs. G.T. Smith, Jr.

Local Legislative Delegation
State Sen. Dempsey J. Barron - State Rep. Ralph C. Carter

Director, State Board of Parks
N.E. "Bill" Miller

(Natural Features) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Tennallytown and Rockville Railroad

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Maryland, Montgomery County, Bethesda
In 1890, the Tennallytown and Rockville Railroad ran along Old Georgetown Road to Bethesda Park, a favorite amusement spot in the area. The park entrance was located on the corner of what is now Old Georgetown Road and Sonoma Road.

(Entertainment • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

"It All Started Here"

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Indiana, DeKalb County, Auburn
The Eckhart Carriage Company was established in 1874 in Auburn, Indiana. It was the direct ancestor of the Auburn Automobile Company as both were owned by the Eckhart family in the early days.

This is the last remaining building of the carriage factory that was located at East Seventh Street. This building was actually a part of the paint shop for the company. Buggies and surreys were painted in this building and later, possibly some of the very first Auburn automobiles.

The Auburn Automobile Company buildings were later built on these surrounding grounds. Follow the progression of the Auburn Automobile Company through all of the remaining buildings.

(Industry & Commerce • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Tree of Hippocrates

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Maryland, Montgomery County, Bethesda
From the Greek Island of Cos, Hippocrates is said to have held classes under the parent tree. The gift Tree was presented by the town of Cos to the National Library of Medicine at the dedication of its new building on December 14, 1961.

This Replacement Tree, Cloned
From the Gift Tree, Was Planted on
April 25, 2014

(Education • Environment • Horticulture & Forestry • Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

San Antonio-California Trail

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Texas, Culberson County, Van Horn
One of Texas' first cross-country wagon trails. The San Antonio-El Paso section of this route was surveyed in 1848 by a party under the intrepid Indian fighter Jack Hays. Used first by emigrants and gold-seekers, it became part of the San Antonio-San Diego mail line (1857), one of America's pioneer mail services. Passengers on the line paid $200 (one-way) to share a swaying Concord coach with 600 pounds of mail and braved bandits, dust, floods, and Indians to spend 27 days traveling 1,500 miles. Service ended in 1861 at the outbreak of the Civil War.

(Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Castle Mountain

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Texas, Crane County, Crane
About 3,000 ft. elevation. Since 17th century, a landmark in travel from Texas points to Mexico and California. According to tradition, named by Spaniards for resemblance to ancient castles. Has associations with stories of lost trains of gold and other treasures. Recorded Texas Historic Landmark - 1966

(Hispanic Americans • Native Americans • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Juan Cordona Lake

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Texas, Crane County, Crane
A natural salt deposit, known and used for the past 300 years. On land grant from Mexico to Juan Cordova; name, misread on maps, is now unique to lake.

Apaches were encountered here by explorers in 1683. From days of early settlers, Mexicans and Anglo-Texans relied on this salt deposit. During the civil war, 1861-1865, a 7-family San Saba wagon train traded watermelons and other goods to Indians here for sorely needed salt.

In 1912-1914 a 36-burro train hauled salt from here. Recently as 1930, commercial shipments went out to Midland and Odessa.

(Exploration • Hispanic Americans • Industry & Commerce • Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Butterfield Overland Stage Line

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Texas, Ward County, Grandfalls
One of the longest stage routes ever established, the Southern Overland Mail Line (Butterfield Route) which provided semi-weekly service St. Louis to San Francisco, 1858-1861. Followed substantially the route of this highway through Ward County.

(Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Veterans Memorial

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Wisconsin, Buffalo County, Alma
This site and memorial is forever dedicated to the memories, valor, courage and ideals of those Buffalo County residents that have given their all and rest in burial sites at home, abroad and at sea. It is also dedicated to those that have endured all so that all mankind may enjoy peace and freedom.

(Military Service Emblems)

Total Cost of U.S. Lives for Freedom

Revolutionary War · 4,435
War of 1812 · 2,260
Mexican War · 1,733
Civil War · 364,511
Spanish American War · 2,466
World War I · 116,516
World War II · 405,399
Korean War · 54,246
Vietnam War · 58,219

Total Loss of U.S. Lives · 1,009,785
Total Loss of Buffalo
County Lives in All Wars · 144

1861 · Civil War · 1865
The Question is Settled · One Nation Undivided

(Statistics)
Buffalo County Battle and Prison Deaths
Becker, Moritz • Biesecker, Ruben • Christian, John • Diegel, Martin • Duerkop, Henry • Fuchs, John • Hall, Lucius • Hoyt, Henry • Kelly, Dennis • Kelley, Vincent • Kessinger, Charles • Koffler, Joseph • Martin, (Marty) Nickolas • Molitor, Paul • Moy, John • Odell, Casius • Dertli, Gottfried • Parr, John • Schneider, Nickolas • Shirenbroken, Ernst • Taylor, Samuel • Weber, Peter • White, George • Austin, Isaac • Bradshaw, Joseph • McDonald, James

Civil War Deaths by Other Causes While in the Service of Their Country
Adams, Orlando • Angst, David • Bringholf, John • Cutting, Chapin • Damm, Gerhard • Davis, James • Doughty, John W. • Eager, Nathaniel • Fiedler, Valentine • Fitzgerald, John T. • Ganz, Arnold • Graham, Horace • Gray, Wilson • Haag, Jacob • Hafner, John • Huber, Henry • Ide, George • Jewett, Henry • Joiner, Judson • Katiepolt, Casper • Kennedy, Joseph • Kessinger, Joseph • Kingsley, Lavern • Kumli, Urs • Lautenbach, David • Lautenbach, Gottlieb • Liesch, Nickolas • Lindahl, Peter • McGlothlin, Walker • Miller, Simon • Morgan, James • Morse, Henry • Moy, Frederick • Nelson, Samuel • Pauline, Ernst • Probst, Urst • Richtman, Phillip • Scott, Aaron • Stevens, Coit. • Sutton, Aaron • Thomas, W. P. • Thompson, Ira • Tritten, Stephen • Warner, George • Webb, Orlando • Williams, William • Wilson, Robert

Missing In Action
Brown, Nathaniel • Glasspoole, Richard • Thompson, John

1914 · World War I · 1918
The War to End All Wars
(Statistics)
Buffalo County Deaths

Berg, Peter • Borst, Loren • Briggs, Simon • Cooke, Rodney • Dabelstein, Ed • Dillon, Harry • Engen, Jergen • Forrest, Eileen L. • Gallus, John • Glodowski, Frank • Gobar, Ralph • Herbert, Charles J. • Huettle, William • Johnson, Jacob B. • Koenig, Edward J. • Miller, Arthur • Moy, Ortie • Mueller, Benjamin • Ness, Eric • Sawer, Edward • Schlag, Henry • Schreiber, Orma • Spies, Louis • Steen, Albert • Uhlig, Arno • Veraguth, Herman F.

1939 · World War II · 1945
The World Is Saved from Tyranny

(Military Casualties)
Buffalo County Deaths
Adams, Charles K. • Amdahl, James T. • Anzur, Frank J. • Beck, Helmer • Bohlinger, Clemens W. • Britton, Neil R. • Bursaw, Howard L. • Campion, Kenneth O. • Christopherson, A. I. • Dahl, Elmo O. • Eide, Leo • Giversen, John A. • Gueltzow, Russel E. • Gunderson, Dewey J. • Hanseman, Chris J. • Heiler, Willard L. • Johnson, Melvin • Kessler, Laverne C. • Knospe, Fverell C. • Kondow, Howard N. • Konter, Ambrose • Leibold, Robert R. • Loomis, Halden R. • Meyer, Wilbert C. • Moe, Leland Morton • Murr, Willis F. • Nichols, Edverne • Peterson, Clinton F. • Risen, Allard W. • Rud, Duane • Ruben, Andrew O. • Schaffner, James E. • Sherman, Willard E. • Smith, Harry A. • Suhr, Allyn A. • Synstad, Alden G. • Tickfer, Morris • Tillman, Leonard L.

1950 · Korean War · 1953
The Forgotten War

In honor and respect to our sons and daughters who answered the call to defend a country they never knew and a people they never met.
(Statistics)
Buffalo County Deaths
Peterson, Dean • Smaglik, James W. • Klevgard, Laverne • Ziegweide, Eugene

2001 · Global War on Terrorism
Operation Iraqi Freedom
America Defends Its Homeland Security

Bossert, Andrew

1964 · Vietnam War · 1975
Communist Expansion Is Challenged

The war to stop the expansion of Communism was fought in the jungles, mountains and rice paddies of South East Asia against an enemy that appeared friendly during the day only to be hostile at night. This memorial honors those American men and women that courageously fought for this just cause. It forever remembers those that lost their lives and those that are missing and may never return.
(Statistics)
Buffalo County Battle Deaths
Zeichert, Henry J. Jr.

1945 · The Cold War · 1991
The United States Stands Against Communism World Wide

Lest We Forget
Let us not forget that the Cold War was a real war that stopped the Soviet Union and China and the spread of communism throughout the world with the loss of veteran's lives while on duty to their country, some in far away places with little recognition of their service. This memorial is dedicated to the honor of those Buffalo County veterans that lost their lives in this country's Cold War against communism.
Alitz, Laverne • Hoveland, Merville E. • Jaquish, John • Johnson, Jerome R. • Leroy E. Reidt • Rud, James I. • Schlosstein, Kent • Shull, Vernon P. • Stoll, Harvey J.

(Military) Includes location, directions, 10 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Monahans Sandhills State Park and Museum

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Texas, Ward County, Monahans
In these shifting seas of sand, rich in stone evidences of primitive men, today's visitors find flint points, sandstone metates and manos of peoples who were here as early as 10,000 years ago and late as the 1870s. Bones of great mammoths and gigantic bison prove that this desert was in post-glacial times a land of lakes and tall grasses.

Cabeza de Vaca in 1535 and Antonio de Espejo in 1583 encountered Jumanos, historic tribe which hunted here. In 1590 Castano de Sosa found a tribe he called Vaqueros because they lived by hunting cows (buffalo)--the tribe later called Apaches.

For more than 100 years at this stop on great Comanche War Trail extending into Mexico. Apache fought Comanche for pools of water and acorns of dwarf Shinnery oak. The California or Emigrant Trail through the Sand Hills started with the gold rush. Was first mapped in September 1849 by Capt. Randolph B. Marcy, U.S. topographical engineers, and in 1854 by Capt. John Pope, who explored a railroad route toward the Pacific Ocean.

3,000 acres of Sand Hills were designated in 1957 as a state park, after acquisition and construction of museum by Ward County. Has picnic facilities.

(Exploration • Hispanic Americans • Native Americans • Paleontology) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

At This Location

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Maryland, Montgomery County, Bethesda
The 192 year old, 84 foot tall white oak that grew here was felled on February 14, 1998 to make way for the Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center. The U.S. Navy used the 14 ton, 35 foot trunk segment for repairs to the USS Constitution, the historic frigate known as "Old Ironsides," now berthed in Boston Harbor. A slab of the oak tree is on display in the Hatfield building lobby.

(Environment • Horticulture & Forestry • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Willow Springs

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Texas, Winkler County, near Kermit
Located 6.6 miles east of this site in the Sand Hills, Willow Springs was known to Comanche Indians and to West Texas pioneers as an important source of water. It was frequently used by gold seekers on their way to California after the 1849 gold discovery there. In 1901,“Judge” A. Hayes found the remains of a charred 40-wagon train at Willow Springs. Evidence indicates there had been a killing at the site, and artifacts from the unidentified massacre have been placed at Sul Ross State University in Alpine.

(Exploration • Native Americans • Roads & Vehicles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Big Spring State Park on Route of Old Comanche War Trail

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Texas, Howard County, Big Spring
For Comanche war parties, about 1750 to 1875, the Big Spring was an oasis. Here paths from northeast, north and northwest twined into the War Trail that led to San Antonio and other Texas points, and down into Mexico. At the Big Spring, parties from far away as the Arkansas Valley could rest their horses. At this point on return trips northward, their weary captives might find water, rest, and possibly food.

The Comanches harassed settlements, robbing and burning stores, mills, farms, ranches; killing men and capturing women and children to be held for ransom, slavery, or adoption into the tribe.

The War Trail was well marked, for warriors took on their long expeditions numerous pack and riding horses, hordes of dogs, and their women and children to wait upon the men and assist in the looting.

Indians in the Civil War years, 1861-1865, had much freedom to invade Texas. By 1866 they were selling to New Mexico traders thousands of cattle stolen from Texas ranchmen. Most of the Comanches were put on reservations in 1875. Afterward their old trails were used by white settlers and by hunting parties on special leave. In 1881 a hunting party attacked builders on the T. & P. Railroad working near here. Incise on base: Early travel, communication and transportation series
Erected by Moody Foundation 1966

(Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Comanche Village Massacre

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Texas, Mitchell County, Colorado City
In this vicinity
on a bank of the Colorado
October 21, 1840
a Comanche Indian village
was completely destroyed and much
stolen property recovered
including 500 horses
128 Indians were killed
34 were captured
The expedition commanded by
Colonel John Henry Moore
consisted of 90 citizen volunteers
mostly residents of Fayette County
Seventeen friendly Lipan Indians
under Chiefs Castro and Flaco
served as guides
No Texans were killed
and but two wounded

(Native Americans • Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ruddick Park

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Texas, Mitchell County, Colorado City
Given to city 1929 in memory of pioneer William Penn Ruddick, farmer and dairyman, and Mrs. Ruddick.

History was made here even before Ruddick arrived, however. In 1840 Colonel John Henry Moore and 90 Indian fighters wiped out a Comanche village on the Colorado nearby. The creek that runs through the park was named for Chief Lone Wolf of the Kiowa Indians, who camped along the creek banks. In 1880 Co. B of the Frontier Battalion, under Captain Sam McMurry, was ordered here to combat Indian attacks.

With the coming of the Texas & Pacific Railroad in 1881, immigrants began to flood the area. W.P. Ruddick (1851-1914) and his wife Sarah (Hutchens) moved from Oregon and set up housekeeping in a half-dugout until lumber could be shipped from Fort Worth.

Ruddick, a Quaker, was one of the first in Mitchell County to raise cotton. He also planted an orchard and operated a dairy, for which he transported the first registered Jersey and Hereford cattle into the county. He ranched and drilled water wells for his neighbors as well as himself.

Soon after the donation of the original 20-acre park by Ruddick's heirs, an amphitheater and stage were built here. The park now contains 138 acres.

(Agriculture • Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers • Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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