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Bill McGowan

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Delaware, New Castle County, Wilmington

William Aloysius McGowan
Born: January 18, 1896 in Wilmington, DE
Died: December 9, 1954 in Silver Spring, MD
Elected to Hall of Fame by
Committee on Baseball Veterans: 1992
He introduced a colorful umpiring style with
vigorous, aggressive gestures which bordered on
the pugnacious – yet ejected very few players.
He was an iron man among umpires,
not missing an inning for 16 years
(2,541 consecutive games).

(Entertainment • Sports) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Vic Willis

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Delaware, New Castle County, Wilmington

Victor Gazaway Willis
Born: April 12, 1876 in Wilmington, DE
Died: August 3, 1947 in Elkton, MD
Bats/Throws: Right/Right
Elected to Hall of Fame by
Committee on Baseball Veterans: 1995
With a 249-205 record, he posted 50 shutouts
A 2.63 ERA and completed 388 of 471
starts. His 45 complete games in
1902 are still the most in the
National League in
The 20th
Century

(Entertainment • Sports) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fort Schlosser

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New York, Niagara County, Niagara Falls
Great Lakes Seaway Trail. New York State French and Indian War Commemoration 250 years.

Securing Military and Commercial Goods.
Fort Schlosser was built to protect the upper portage landing and was used as a storehouse for military and commercial goods, facilitating the supply of western outposts.

The importance of securing this strategic area was recognized by early explorers and the French army as well. The landing was fortified by the French prior to the war, but they burned their own fort to prevent it from being used by the British when they left to help defend Fort Niagara from a British assault.

LOWER LANDING
Goods and boats had to be carried from here up the 310 foot vertical rise to the upper landing.
UPPER LANDING
Boats landed and departed from this point before entering the rapids above the falls.
FORT LITTLE NIAGARA
Fort Little Niagara (Fort du Portage) was built by French officer and merchant Daniel-Marie Chabert de Joncaire to prevent western American Indians from slipping past Fort Niagara to trade with the British as Fort Oswego.
FORT SCHLOSSER
1760-1763. Fort Schlosser was the name given to the fortification when the British it in 1760. It was rebuilt in 1763. It was named after Captain John Joseph Schlosser, an officer in the 60th Regiment of Foot (or Royal American Regiment), commander and builder of the post.
ALTERATIONS
This rough plan for rebuilding the fort was found in the papers of Major Jeffery Amherst, British Commander-in-Chief in North America. The artist's rendering above is based on this plan.
GATEWAY TO THE INTERIOR
The Niagara corridor was the gateway into the interior of North America, but Niagara Falls presented a major obstacle. All travelers and goods going to or coming from the Ohio Valley had to land or depart from here for the overland bypass (portage) around the Falls to enter either Lakes Erie or Ontario.
PORTAGE TIMELINE
1763 British rebuild Fort Schlosser.
1760 Briish occupy the landing and build a new fort they call Fort Schlosser.
1759 French forces abandon and burn Fort Little Niagara (Fort du Portage).
1751 French build Fort Little Niagara (Fort du Portage), just downriver from here.
1726 French build Fort Niagara and occupy the portage route.
1720 Joncaire builds a trading post at the lower landing.
1679 French explorer La Salle establishes early French claims to the region.
1650 American Indians use the portage route, the Seneca tribe controls the area. French & Indian War. Troops carrying supplies walked this section of the Seaway Trail.

Seaway Trail, Inc. Corner Ray & West Mail St., Sackets Harbor, NY 13685. www.seawaytrail.com . This project was funded in part by the Federal Highway Administration and administered by the New York State Scenic Byways Program of the New York State Department of Transportation and Seaway Trail, Inc.

(Forts, Castles • War of 1812 • War, French and Indian) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Aux origines de Montréal / The origins of Montréal

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Quebec, Ville-Marie, Montréal
C’est ici que le sieur de Maisonneuve fonda Montréal en mai 1642. Situé au confluent du Saint-Laurent et de l’ancienne petite rivière Saint-pierre, l’endroit était bien connu des Autochtones qui s’y rassemblaient depuis des siècles, de même que sur le site de l’actuelle place Royale. Dès leur arrivée, les Français construisirent le fort Ville-Marie. Vers 1688, le gouverneur de Montréal, Louis-Hector de Calliėre, obtint une partie du terrain et y érigea sa résidence, d’où le nom de pointe ả Calliėre. Ce lieu vit naître Montréal fut aussi témoin de sa transformation en l’une des grandes métropoles du Canada.

Here, in May of 1642, sieur de Maisonneuve founded Montréal. Located at the junction of the St. Lawrence River and the now-disappeared Petite rivière Saint-Pierre, this area was well known to Native peoples who for centuries met here and on the present site of Place Royale. The French built Ville-Marie upon their arrival. Around 1688, Montréal’s governor, Louis-Hector de Calliėre, acquired a portion of the area and built his residence, hence the name Pointe ả Calliėre. This site which gave to Montréal also witnessed its transformation into one of Canada’s great metropolitan centres.

(Exploration • Forts, Castles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Reynolds Homestead

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Virginia, Patrick County, near Critz
Built by Hardin Reynolds just prior to his marriage in 1843, the house that became known as Rock Spring Plantation, faces the historic Norfolk to Bristol Turnpike. Nearby was the log dwelling of his father, Abram Reynolds, who purchased 50 acres of land and settled here in 1814.

Hardin and his wife, Nancy Jane Cox, had 16 children including Richard Joshua Reynolds, founder of R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company and A. D. Reynolds whose son, Richard Samuel Reynolds, founded the Reynolds Metals Company.

The house, a state and national historic landmark, has been restored to its 19th century appearance and is open to the public.

(Antebellum South, US) Includes location, directions, 11 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

"Squaw Campaign"

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Pennsylvania, Lawrence County, near New Castle
800 unruly militia, under command of Gen. Edward Hand, left Pittsburgh to attack British at present Cleveland, February 1778. At an Indian town in the river-fork below here, they killed a man and an old woman; then returned home.

(Military) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Constantine Civil War Monument

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Michigan, Saint Joseph County, Constantine


Constantine
to her
Soldiers
1861—1865

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

One Hundredth Anniversary of Centreville

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Michigan, Saint Joseph County, Centreville


Erected in Commemoration
of the
One Hundredth
Anniversary of the
Founding of the
Village of Centreville
1831 – 1931

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Camp Reynolds

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Pennsylvania, Mercer County, near Greenville
Site of a 3300-acre U.S. Army facility, 1942-45. Originally the Shenango Personnel Replacement Depot; renamed 1943. During World War II about a million troops passed through here; most were headed for Europe. A peak of 75,000 were housed here at one time; racial unrest flared up, July 1943. Here also were over 1800 German prisoners of war, 1944-46. After 1946 this became a scene of major civilian development.

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Erie Extension Canal

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Pennsylvania, Erie County, Erie
A section of this canal, linking New Castle and Erie, lies at foot of the slope, to left of side road. Conneaut Line, Erie to Conneaut Lake, begun by State, 1838; finished by company headed by R.S. Reed, of Erie, 1843-44.

(Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Old State Line

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Pennsylvania, Erie County, McKean
The northern boundary of Pennsylvania, before the purchase of the Erie Triangle in 1792, crossed the highway at this point. The State paid $151,640.25 for the Erie tract and its port on the Lakes.

(Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Alliance College

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Pennsylvania, Crawford County, Cambridge Springs
Founded in 1912 by the Polish National Alliance and dedicated by U.S. President William Howard Taft, Alliance College was one of the nation's first nationality colleges. Its mission was to provide educational opportunities for everyone, but especially to those of Polish descent. Located on the Rider Hotel site, it was first an academy, then a technical institute and later a liberal arts college. Alliance College included Polish arts, language and history as part of its curriculum and campus culture until it closed in 1987.

(Education) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Richmond's Civil War Hospitals

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Virginia, Richmond
During the Civil War, overwhelming numbers of sick and wounded soldiers came to Richmond seeking treatment at one of the city's dozens of Confederate medical facilities, the best known of which was Chimborazo Hospital, established on this site in 1861. Some of the hospitals were purpose-built, while others operated in converted churches, warehouses, and hotels. Families often took in soldiers to help ease overcrowding. Many hospitals had matrons: women who mixed administrative supervision with patient care. Juliet Hopkins, Phoebe Pember, and Sally Tompkins were among the most notable women who gained distinction through their hard work caring for soldiers.

(Science & Medicine • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Home of Reuben John Schmahl

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Wisconsin, Washington County, Jackson
This home was built on the original homestead of 40-acres in Section 20, Town of Jackson, Washington County, Wisconsin. The land was purchased from the United States government on April 11, 1846, by Jacob Moersfelder, who later deeded the parcel to his son Peter and wife Juliana on September 1, 1860. Following Peter’s death (1861), Juliana married John Schmahl, Sr. in 1864, who subsequently took ownership of the Moersfelder land in 1865 including the original log home.

In 1886, John Sr. and Juliana built this two-story cream city solid brick four-bedroom home, with its field stone basement and cistern to replace the log house. Since that time, the families of John Schmahl, Sr., John Schmahl, Jr., and Reuben John Schmahl have all called it home for a period of over 122 years. Needed improvements and interior remodeling were made to the home including new entrances with enclosed porches.

Reuben John Schmahl was born April 2, 1914. Although farming on this homestead was his livelihood, Reuben dedicated his life to public service. His lifelong achievements and leadership roles extended to the community, county, and State of Wisconsin. Beginning at the local level and continuing over the years, he served 20 years on the Jackson School Board, 44 years on the Town of Jackson Town Board, including 38 years as Town Chairman. At the county level, Reuben was a Washington County Board Supervisor for 45 years, including 22 years as County Board Chairman and Administrative Coordinator.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Industrial Age

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California, San Francisco City and County, San Francisco
During the first half of the 20th century, electric streetcars reigned.

Hills were soon surmounted by the cable car.

The Industrial Age created the need for efficient urban transportation, which came first in the form of horse-drawn vehicles. During the first half of the 20th century electric streetcars reigned. The very popular PCC (Electric Railway Presidents’ Conference Commission) streetcar dominated in the 1930s, 40s, and 50s. This Art Deco-style car, designed by electric railway leaders to bring modern looks and technology to streetcars, was a familiar sight in many American cities. Following World War II many transit lines were converted from rail to buses. Streetcars and their tracks disappeared. More recent years have seen a renewed interest in urban rail transit with the LRV (light rail vehicle) replacing the venerable PCC.
The Gold Rush in 1849 transformed San Francisco from a sleepy outpost into a center of activity relating to mining and associated financial affairs. This new population created a need for public transit, which early on followed the typical pattern of horse-drawn omnibuses, horse-drawn railcar, and even the rail coach powered by a steam engine on Market Street. In 1872 Andrew Hallidie built and operated the world’s first successful cable car system in San Francisco and the city’s hilly terrain was conquered.
Electric transit began in 1891 with the development of the first section of interurban service from San Francisco to San Mateo. In 1906 when the cable car system was destroyed in the great earthquake, electric trolleys replaced all cable cars on Market Street. In 1912 the San Francisco Municipal Railway was formed to operate city owned transit lines. Privately-owned United Railroads, which became the Market Street Railway Company in 1921, operated competing lines. The Municipal Railway used letters to designate its lines, while the Market Street Railway used numbers. With competing tracks running side by side, Market Street became the famous four track thoroughfare known as the “roar of the four.”
Competition between the Municipal Railway and Market Street Railway continued for many years, but a merger of the two systems was inevitable. When the Municipal Railway opened the Twin Peaks tunnel in 1917 and the Sunset Tunnel in 1928, it gave the city-owned system a distinct advantage over Market Street Railway. The early 1940s saw the further decline of the Market Street Railway. In 1944 it was acquired by San Francisco Municipal Railway and faded into transit history.
Today Market Street’s F line offers the public an opportunity to experience urban transit history whether you’re on or off a streetcar. Running in regular service are fully refurbished PCCs and Peter Witt streetcars, both sporting paint schemes of many U.S. cities that once had streetcar service. Supplementing this fleet in occasional service are antique trolleys dating as far back as 1895, as well as unusual trains from around the world.
From the western terminal on 17th Street at Castro Street, in the heart of the famous Castro Village neighborhood, F-line streetcars swinging onto Market Street. The tracks then flank stately Canary Island palm trees for six blocks to Valencia Street. Then the cars snake by the antique shops and cafes of mid-Market Street, with the galleries of Hayes Valley only a few blocks north. Next comes Civic Center, America’s greatest collection of beaux-arts municipal buildings, including the elegant City Hall, the new Main Public Library, and the new Asian Art Museum.
The trolleys then rumble through the canyons of downtown, passing many landmark buildings and the smart Union Square shopping area near the Powell Street cable car turntable. This is followed by the entry to Yerba Buena Garden, the city’s arts area containing Moscone Convention Center. The office towers and plazas of the Financial District are next. The streetcars continue down Market Street to Steuart Street, around the grand plaza in front of the Ferry Building, then north along The Embarcadero in an exclusive median again highlighted by palm trees. Past the wonderful bay views of Pier 7, Levi’s Plaza, and Telegraph Hill, the scenic run end five miles from its start. A long loop from Pier 39 through the heart of Fisherman’s Wharf brings the F-line to its terminal at Jones and Jefferson Streets, a short stroll from the Mason and Hyde cable car turntable.
The original Market Street Railway was a private transit company that operated more than one thousand streetcars in San Francisco from 1921 to 1944. Today its name is used by a nonprofit group whose members are dedicated to the preservation and operation of historic transit vehicles in San Francisco. The organization and its members have acquired and donated several vintage streetcars, cable cars and buses to the San Francisco Municipal Railway. Its volunteers assist Muni in restoring and maintaining the vintage transit fleet. They are also committed to helping make the city’s historic streetcar, cable car, and bus operations a continuing success through promotional efforts, liaison with business and neighborhood groups and other beneficial activities. For more information about Market Street Railway, visit their web site at www.streetcar.org or call (415) 863-1775.

(Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mint Hill

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California, San Francisco City and County, San Francisco
In 1936 almost half of Mint Hill was removed to create a flat base for the Mint.

In 1947 Duboce Avenue east of the Sunset Tunnel was crowded with automobiles as shoppers thronged to the farmers’ market.

The area near Market and Church Streets was an Ohlone village site. This was near a stream that flowed from Twin Peaks, along 14th Street to Church Street, 15th Street and into Dolores Lagoon. To this day, heavy rains sometime flood the intersection of 14th, Church, and Market Streets. In the 1870s and 80s many Scandinavians settled in the area.
Market Street was extended southwest by excavating what is now Mint Hill to the north of this site. This serpentine belt extends diagonally through San Francisco from Fort Point to Hunter’s Point. Street cuts also destroyed the Market Street Reservoir near this site, leaving Reservoir Street (now part of Safeway’s parking lot) as a legacy. This low area was known as San Souci (Carefree) Valley. Duboce Avenue was named after Colonel Victor Duboce, commander of the First California Volunteer Regiment in the Spanish American War.
In 1928 the Sunset Streetcar Tunnel west of Noe Street was built under Buena Vista Hill, making Duboce Avenue a major transit corridor. The federal government bought land for a new U.S. Mint in 1934. In 1936 almost half of Mint Hill (originally ninety feet above Duboce Avenue) was removed to create a flat base for the Mint. Upon completion in 1937, this one million dollar Art Deco building was described by a local newspaper as the “strongest, most quake-proof, burglarproof building in San Francisco.” However, the day it opened several teenagers armed with cap pistols scaled its walls and climbed through a window.
Between the windows in the exterior granite clad walls are 44 three-foot diameter concrete medallions representing historic U.S. coins. The Hermann S(missing) lobby glitters with polished marble and bronze. Below it, underground (missing)ated out of solid rock, once contained mire than one billion dollars of gold and silver. The Mint no longer produces circulating coins.
It now makes medals and ‘collectable coins’ (special coins to commemorate events, people, or institutions important to U.S. History).
San Francisco’s first farmers; market was established on a vacant lot where the Safeway parking lot stands today. During World War II gas rationing, people could not drive to the farms to by surplus crops. So the farmer’s decided to come to the consumers. Mint employees applauded when the farmers first arrived at 6:30 a.m. August 12, 1943. Within three days, fifty thousand people shopped there. Twenty farmers raised three thousand dollars to build sheds and gave them to the city as a gift. In 1944 the city took over ownership of the market, which by its second year recorded four million dollars in sales. Voter’s approved continuing the market by more than five-to-one margin in 1945. They later voted to acquire the permanent Alemany Boulevard site, where the present market reopened in 1947.
This site forms the east corner of the Duboce Triangle, formerly called Gaffney’s Triangle after a local politician. More people began to move here in the 1970s as the new Muni Metro light rail tunnel shortened travel time to downtown. Among the newcomers were many gay men, who made up about 50 percent of the Triangle’s residents by 1980.

Commemorating One of America’s Most Distinguished Geologists
This is a fitting site to commemorate Dr. Clyde Wahrhaftig, a noted geologist who lived in a cottage perched on a Noe Valley chert outcrop. Dr. Wahrhaftig was a Professor Emeritus of Geology at the University of California. He was a member of the U.S. Geological Survey staff for more than 50 years.
Described by colleagues as one of the most colorful members of his profession, this Fresno native was a lifelong public transit user. He chose not to learn how to drive an automobile. When questioned about this, he replied, “In college I was too poor to afford a car, and when I worked in Alaska there were no roads. When I returned to live in California in 1850, I realized the advantages to health, safety, and sanity in not knowing how to drive, and managed to get around on foot and public transportation, or by sponging on my friends.” He did his research on foot of by public transportation as was professionally active in environmental matters.
One of his favorite pastimes was guiding others to geologic points of interest. He wrote “A Streetcar to Subduction – and Other Plate Tectonic Trips by Public Transport in San Francisco,” “A Walker’s Guide to the Geology of San Francisco,” and “The Hayward Fault in Hayward and Fremont via BART.” This site, with its green serpentine visible below the Mint, is the starting point of one of Dr. Wahrhaftig’s geological explorations of San Francisco by public transit.
Upon receiving the Distinguished Career Award from the Geological Society of America in 1989, he came out as a gay man in his acceptance speech, urging his colleagues to accept gay students without bias.
The Duboce Avenue project was funded by a Transport Enhancement Activities (TEA) grant through the Metropolitan Transportation Commission. Special thanks to John Katz of the Municipal Railway and to volunteer graphic artists Fabienne David, John Eagle, and Ann Pisabell. ‘The Golden Gate’s Golden Age of Cycling’ was written by Mary Brown, ‘A Trip Through Local History’ by Pete Tasmen, and ‘San Francisco Streetcar History’ by Allsion Cant. Photographs courtesy of the SF Public Library’s SF History Center and Dorothy Lindheim.

(Government • Natural Features • Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Great Cataract of Niagara

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New York, Niagara County, Niagara Falls
Early European Visitors
The Niagara River, with its mighty falls and rapids, was well known by Native Americans. Word of its majesty reached European explorers and soldiers who came to North America. Despite their mission, explorers and soldiers alike took time to see the watery spectacles for themselves.

1615 Etienne Brule, a French explorer may have been the first European to actually view the Falls and gorge.

1678 French explorer La Salle passed through here on his way to survey the Great Lakes. Along on the trip was Louis Hennepin published the first engraving of Niagara Falls in his book Nouvelle Decouverte.

1720 French fur trader Chabert Joncaire established a trading post at the lower portage landing at the foot of the gorge and likely guided many early visitors to the Falls.

1750 French soldiers stationed at Fort Niagara at the mouth of the Niagara River were in a good position to visit the Falls regularly. Two French officers from Fort Niagara escorted Peter Kalm, a Swedish botanist and agriculturalist, to the Falls.

1759 After the English captured Fort Niagara, they had access to the Falls as well. General Sir William Johnson, Colonel Frederick Haldimand, Reverend John Ogilvie, and several other officers were escorted by three companies of light infantry "...to see Niagara Falls."

1760 Thomas Davies was one of the first to illustrate views of the Falls. Davies created this image entitled "An East View of the Great Cataract of Niagara" while on a survey for Major General Jeffery Amherst.

Illustrator of the French & Indian War
British Artilleryman and officer Thomas Davies illustrated these and many other scenes during the French & Indian War. Artists were an important part of an organized army; their skills of observation were used to document places and events.

French & Indian War. The first Europeans visited the natural attractions of the Great Lakes Seaway Trail. Seaway Trail, Inc. Corner Ray & West Mail St., Sackets Harbor, NY 13685. www.seawaytrail.com . America's Byways. This project was funded in part by the Federal Highway Administration and administered by the New York State Scenic Byways Program of the New York State Department of Transportation and Seaway Trail, Inc.

(Exploration • War, French and Indian) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Wooddale Bridge

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Delaware, New Castle County, Hockessin
Original Town Lattice Truss Covered Bridge - ca. 1850 Rehabilitated - 1939 Steel Beams Added - 1981 Destroyed by Flood/ Steel Acrow Bridge Placed - 2003 Town Lattice Truss Covered Bridge Replacement - 2008 Engineering & Project Management - Delaware DOT General Contractor - Mumford and Miller Concrete, Inc. Timber Framing - Pocopson Industries, Inc. Stone Mason - Stonescapes, Inc. This bridge is dedicated to the residents of of Wooddale and the local community, whose involvement and support made this project possible.

(Bridges & Viaducts) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Bernard Baruch Bench of Inspiration

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District of Columbia, Washington
The Bernard Baruch Bench of Inspiration
Dedicated in honor of
Mr. Baruch's 90th Birthday -- August 1960
For his inspiring devotion to country
and distinguished service to boyhood
by both the
National Capitol Area Council
and the Boy Scouts of America
The Boy Scout Motto -- Mr. Baruch's Philosophy
"Be Prepared"

(Politics) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Canal Bridge No. E-220

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New York, Niagara County, Royalton
Slayton-Settlement Road. Originally Reynales Hwy. Built 1914 by Empire Engineering Corp. Rehabilitated 1992 by N.Y.S.D.O.T.

(Bridges & Viaducts • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 13 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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