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Goodhue County Veterans Memorial

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Minnesota, Goodhue County, Red Wing
Dedicated to those who gave their lives in service to their country.

[outline of Goodhue County]

Goodhue County Veterans Memorial · May 21, 1988

(Military) Includes location, directions, 12 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Spencerville Covered Bridge

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Indiana, DeKalb County, Spencerville
Built 1873, by John A. McKay, spanning Saint Joseph River; a Smith Truss, Variant Four, by Smith Bridge Company, Toledo, Ohio; has remained in use with regular maintenance, repairs, and extensive 1981 restoration. Listed in National Register of Historic Places, 1981.

(Bridges & Viaducts) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

"Grand Village des Canzes"

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Kansas, Atchison County, near Atchison

Independence Creek was noted as the main settlement of the Kanza Tribe as far back as 1673. By the time French explorer Etienne Veniard de Bourgmont arrived in 1724 this was considered an old village and the capital of the Kanza nation.

This large village covered the areas all along the Independence Creek valley. From this and other villages the Kanza controlled much of what is today's state of Kansas.

The Kanza dwelling was eclectic, using the most available building materials. Their early migration from the areas near the Great Lakes, in the Ohio River Valley, saw change from primarily bark covered lodges to using sod as the primary covering for the log frame dwellings, since timber was less abundant.

The Kanza also used buffalo and deer skins for constructing tipis used during periodic hunting expeditions to the high plains.

The Creation story of the Kanza
Man and Woman were created by the Great Spirit and the whole of the world was a small island surrounded by leagues and leagues of water.

As time went by children came and the island became so crowded some of the People were forced into the water. Woman prayed to the Great Spirit to have compassion so no more of her children would be lost in the water.

The Great Spirit sent down a large number of beavers, muskrats and turtles whose job it was to gather material from the botom of the water and enlarge the island.

The industrious animals worked until the present Earth was formed. To complete the formation of the Earth the Great Spirit used the colorful dying leaves of fall from the trees along the new rivers to create exotic birds, deer and the buffalo to eat the grass alongside of Indian man and "the entire circle of the earth was filled with life and beauty."
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The Kanza lived in semi-permanent villages, cultivating crops and also practicing the nomadic lifestyle of other Great Plains Tribes to hunt buffalo. Buffalo was the Kanza's primary so important was buffalo the entire tribe made two hunting trips to the hunting grounds each year. The principal crops grown by the Kanza were beans, pumpkins, prairie potatoes, melons and corn. Corn was often roasted on the cob or cooked in a soup with strips of buffalo meat. Fish, fowl and dog meat were also important food sources for the Kanza.
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[Illustration captions read]
Man of Good Sense, young Kanza warrior, and the Wife of Bear Catcher, both as painted by George Catlin, 1831.

The earliest known image of the interior of a Kanza lodge, a war dance as seen by Samuel Seymour, 1819.
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To learn more about the Kanza also visit the Atchison County Historical Society Museum, in the Santa Fe Depot, 200 S. 10th Street, Atchison, KS or visit online at www.atchisonhistory.org

(Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

"this day being...the 4th of July"

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Kansas, Atchison County, near Atchison

The U.S. Army expedition led by Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark camped in this vicinity on July 4, 1804. In honor of the nation's 28th birthday, expedition members fired the swivel cannon on the bow of their keelboat once in the morning and at the end of the day. During the course of the day, they named two local streams - Fourth of July 1804 Creek and Independence Creek. This was the first time they celebrated the 4th of July during the expedition.

Clark wrote: "...as this Creek has no name, and this being...the 4th of July the day of the independance...call it 4th of July 1804 Creek..."

The expedition camped "...above the mouth of a Creek 20 yds wide this Creek we call Creek Independence..." An extra gill [four ounces] of whiskey was rationed to the men.

Expedition members turned out on the Fourth of July in striking regimental coats. Artist Michael Haynes depicts Captain Meriwether Lewis in full dress uniform at right.

During the expedition's journey west, impromptu ceremonies marked three holidays: Fourth of July, Christmas, and New Year's. Other occasions, such as Lewis' birthday, a notable discovery, or particularly difficult days were marked by issuing a dram of liquor.

[Background photo caption reads]
Lewis and Clark reenactors on the banks of the Missouri River.

(Exploration • Patriots & Patriotism • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Little Turtle (Me-she-kin-o-quah)

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Ohio, Defiance County, Defiance
[Text on the south side of the Marker]:

Little Turtle (Me-she-kin-o-quah)
1752 - 1812


Little Turtle, a war chief of the Miami People, was born near
present-day Fort Wayne, Indiana. From 1790 to 1794, he lived in a
Miami village three miles west of this site on the Tiffin River.
As a warrior, he led Native American confederations in battles at
Kekionga (Fort Wayne) and the present Fort Recovery.
As a peacemaker, he counseled local Native Americans to
negotiate for peace with the United States.
In 1795, he signed the Treaty of Greenville.
[Text on the north side of the Marker]:

Dedicated
March 23, 2001


Little Turtle was well-known for is oratorical powers and military
leadership. As a leader and teacher of the Miami, a champion
of peace, and a servant of his people, Little Turtle embodied the
principles we hope to instill in our students:
To Know, To Understand, To Lead, and To Serve.

The students, alumni, faculty and staff of Defiance College dedicate
this statue in observance of the institution's sesquicentennial year.

John Koepnick, Sculptor
Lebanon, Ohio


(Native Americans • Peace • Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Samuel T. Carpenter

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Kansas, Doniphan County, Doniphan

A member of Co. K Vet. Reserve Corps of Escort to Remains of Pres. A. Lincoln April 1865

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Patriots & Patriotism • Railroads & Streetcars • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Defiance, Ohio

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Ohio, Defiance County, Defiance
Site Of
French Mission 1650
Jesuit Mission 1670
Moravian Christian Indians 1781
Great Indian Cornfields 1794
Cabin and Home of Delaware
Chief Whingy-Pooshies and
Boy Captive, John Brickell
1791 - 1794 - 1795
British Troops Major Muir 1812

(Colonial Era • Native Americans • War of 1812 • Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Tabernacle

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Tennessee, Haywood County, near Brownsville
1.8 miles. This community was settled in 1826 by the Rev. Howell Taylor and his five sons. Haywood County's first schoolhouse was here; it also served as a church. The Taylor Kinfolks Camp Meeting was held here annually for over a century.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Churches, Etc. • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Old Red Schoolhouse

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Texas, Trinity County, Trinity
Trinity's first schoolhouse was a one-room log structure built in 1872 near Cedar Grove Cemetery. A two-story frame schoolhouse that stood on this site from 1897 to 1911 was moved several blocks northwest to serve African American students. Under Supt. J. Woolam Bright, construction of a new brick building began here in 1911, and after many delays it opened by 1915. The prairie style, T-plan building housed all grade levels until completion of an adjacent high school in 1928. “Old Red” served as a schoolhouse for 80 years. When it was slated for demolition in the 1990s, concerned citizens and former students worked with the school district to preserve the historic building for continued use.
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark - 2004

(Education) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Gen. Jacob Jennings Brown

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Tennessee, Haywood County, Brownsville
Born May 9, 1775, Bucks County, PA. Appointed Brig. Gen. U.S. Army July 19, 1813. Distinguished himself in War of 1812 at Ogdensburg, Sackett's Harbor, Was severely wounded at Niagara. Senior officer of U.S. Army at war's end. First commissioners named Brownsville in his honor. General-in-Chief U.S. Army from 1821 until his death Feb. 24, 1828.

(Patriots & Patriotism • Settlements & Settlers • War of 1812) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Army National Guard

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Tennessee, Haywood County, Brownsville
The Army National Guard predates the founding of our nation by almost one hundred fifty years. It is the oldest component of our armed forces. Today's National Guard is the direct descendent of the militias of the thirteen original colonies. The Guard has participated in every American conflict since the Pequot War of 1637. The Marquis de Lafayette, who commanded a Virginia brigade during the Revolutionary War, coined the phrase “Garde Nationale”, applying it to all our organized militia units. The militia proved to the world that civilian volunteers could be molded into trained fighting men and women, thus forging the tradition that continues today in the Army National Guard.

(Military) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Buda

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Texas, Hays County, Buda
Originally known as Du Pre, Buda was founded along a line of the International and Great Northern Railroad. Cornelia A. Trimble gave land for the townsite in 1881. The name “Buda” was adopted in the late 1880s, although its origin is unclear. According to popular legends, it was either related to Budapest, Hungary, or evolved from the Spanish word for widow viuda and honored the women who cooked in one of the local hotels. Buda was once the site of a variety of businesses, including a theater, skating rink, newspaper, and two banks. The town was incorporated in 1948.

(Railroads & Streetcars • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Cherryville

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Tennessee, Crockett County, Bells
3½ miles west, this town, first called Harris' Bluff, later Harrisburg, was the first to be incorporated (Oct. 18, 1821) in west Tennessee. In 1833, the electors for the surrounding four counties delivered their returns here. Industries included a grist mill, tailor shop and toll bridge. A prehistoric mound is at the site.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Brownsville

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Tennessee, Haywood County, Brownsville
Col. Richard Nixon, veteran of the New Orleans campaign, War of 1812 , settled four miles east of here in 1821. First county court met in his house. Brownsville became the county seat in 1823 and the first courthouse was built of logs in 1824.

(Patriots & Patriotism • Settlements & Settlers • War of 1812) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Prairie du Chien Veterans Memorial

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Wisconsin, Crawford County, Prairie du Chien

Prairie du Chien
Veterans Memorial
[emblems of the military service branches]

(Military) Includes location, directions, 23 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Historic Cooper Amphitheater

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California, Placer County, Auburn

Kiosk Side A:
Creating Jobs and Building Community It started as an ”unsightly maze and tangle of briars, brush and junk”… It became ”one of the finest open air amphitheaters in northern California…Beautiful in its simplicity and beautiful in magnitude”… [Auburn Journal Editorial December 12, 1935]. Created in 1935, the Cooper Amphitheater was a product of civic pride, community leadership, state assistance and a collective dream. In 1934, Herbert M. Cooper, then President of both the Board of Trustees for the Auburn Union Elementary School and the Auburn Chamber of Commerce, proposed the creation of the amphitheater on the grounds of the Auburn Union Grammar School. The proposal answered an ambitious call from the State Emergency Relief Administration (SERA) seeking projects “of a public nature that have a community value.” and that “ provide for an efficient use of labor while improving school yards, creating community parks, reforestation, erosion control and building community gathering places/”

Meeting the Challenge to Embrace Arts, Give Dignity to the Unemployed. and Preserve Our Natural Endowment, SERA & WPA Funded the Cooper Amphitheater In the depths of the Great Depression, unemployment was widespread with rural communities particularly hard hit. The State of California responded by calling for community projects that would provide desperately needed jobs. The City of Auburn became the headquarters for the effort throughout a 15 county region of the Foothills and Central Valley. The Auburn Union Grammar School’s Cooper Amphitheater was selected as one of the first such projects. Using locally quarried stone, residents completed the initial portion of the amphitheater project on July 18, 1935, the stage and bridge backdrop over North Rich Ravine, preserving a magnificent oak tree right in the middle of the stage floor.

Why Restore and Preserve This Natural Outdoor Theater? Professor Linda Jewell, Professor of Landscape Architecture at the University of California, Berkeley, and an expert on American amphitheaters observed that “these public works were developed under extreme limitations of the depression and yet produced many of the most beautiful and site responsive outdoor theaters ever built in the American landscape.” More than 60 outdoor amphitheaters were created under WPA, SERA, and other public works programs. Some well known examples still serve as outdoor stages. They include Berkeley’s John Hinkle Park Theater, Mt. Tamalpais’ Mountain Theater, and Denver’s Red Rocks Theater. Sadly, however, many have been lost.

Thus, in the late 1980’s, when the School Park Preserve site and the stone walls of the Cooper Amphitheater faced bulldozers and destruction, a 19 year effort ensued to restore and protect the amphitheater and the heritage oaks as a public park. September 2006, the California Cultural and Historical Endowment [CCHE] award funds to the City of Auburn, matching local community contributions, to restore this outdoor theater and the unique landscape design surrounding it, thereby preserving a critical piece of our 20th Century heritage.

Kiosk Side B: Gateway to Regional Trails
Auburn State Recreation Area
School Park Preserve is a gateway to the Auburn State Recreation Area, which straddles the North and Middle Forks of the American River. The American River’s rich cultural tapestry includes influences from the Maidu Nisenan Indians, Spanish settlers and Gold Rush miners. The river was originally named Rio de los Americanos by the Spanish. Today, the pristine river and canyon trails, managed by California State Parks and Recreation, offers visitors a variety of recreational activities to enjoy, including hiking, mountain biking, horseback riding, whitewater boating, fishing and much more.

Kiosk - Side C: School Park Preserve School Park Preserve is the result of community leadership and collaboration by six community partners – Emigrant Trails Greenway Trust, Placer Community Foundation, Boys and Girls Club of Auburn, Placer Land Trust, Auburn Unified Elementary School District, and the City of Auburn. The project was launched in 2001, when these groups signed a Memorandum of Understanding to preserve this heritage oak grove and to restore Cooper Amphitheater and North Rich Ravine.

(Arts, Letters, Music) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

A Neighborhood Reborn

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District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest

The Logan Circle Historic District has a rich history of change. A fashionable, exclusive neighborhood had evolved by the 1870s – home to members of Congress, such as Senator John Logan of Illinois. By the turn of the 20th century, Iowa – later Logan – Circle flourished as a social intellectual, and artistic hub of Black Washington. Over time, economic hardships and civil unrest contributed to a decline in the neighborhood’s appearance. Today, this vibrant historic district thrives as the city’s best-preserved example of late 19th-century Victorian architecture clustered around one of L’Enfant’s great open spaces.

[Illustration Captions:]

[Portion of L’Enfant‘s plan for the District of Columbia] Originally purchased in 1791 by Samuel Blodgett, this land served as an “executioner’s square” (right) during the Civil War. The 1864 addition of a horse-drawn trolley line along 14th Street increased the accessibility and desirability of what became known as Iowa Circle.

[Photo of Mary Mcleod Bethune] The National Council of Negro Women, founded by Mary McLeod Bethune, established its headquarters just south of Logan Circle in the 1940s. Other famous residents included boxer Jack Johnson, architect John Lankford, and the family of Duke Ellington.

Logan Circle townhouses about 1890

[Lithograph:‘executioner’s square’] Civil War-era population expansion forced development of this area by the 1870s. A massive city improvement plan induced prominent citizens to construct stately Victorian homes, such as those seen above. In 1901, Civil War veterans erected the Maj. Gen. John A. Logan statue. In 1930 Congress changed the name of Iowa Circle to Logan Circle.

[Aerial photo of Logan Circle] City planners altered Logan Circle in the 1950s by channeling 13th Street through it. Renewed interest throughout the 1970s and 1980s spurred refurbishment of many historic houses and restoration of the circle’s original dimensions. A rich sense of history continues to dominate the entire Logan Circle neighborhood.

Historical Society of Washington, D.C. [photo credits: Victorian townhouse and execution images]; NPS [photo credit, Mary Mcleod Bethune]; Library of Congress [all other photos]

(African Americans • Man-Made Features • Notable Places • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Dunbar

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Tennessee, Haywood County, Brownsville
Dunbar, the first permanent school for persons of African descent in Brownsville, was built in the late 1860s with money raised by the black community. John Gloster was principal from 1886 to 1915. Many early graduates studied at Roger Williams University in Nashville. Dunbar was destroyed by fire between 1910 and 1920 and was replaced by Haywood County Training School. In 1950, it became Carver High School. Due to desegregation of the county's school system, Carver High School closed in 1970.

(African Americans • Education) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Monolith

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California, Kern County, Tehachapi

1906-1914: City of Los Angeles builds and operates plant to make cement for Los Angeles Aqueduct and also constructs town named Aqueduct to house workers and families.
1910: Aqueduct train station and post office are renamed Monolith.
1920: U.S. Potash Co. leases plant from City of Los Angeles.
1921-1989: Monolith Portland Cement Co. is created, buys and operates plant.
1923: Coy Burnett buys out Monolith partners, becomes President and owner.
1941-1945: Cement production used by U.S. Government for WWII War effort.
1955: Coy Burnett donates land to the City of Tehachapi for community projects and parks.
1958: Monolith donates cement and employees volunteer to help build Tehachapi High School Football Field.
1970: Coy Burnett steps down as President and soon after passes away at age 82.
1960-1975: Town of Monolith is vacated and dismantled.
1970’s: Plant is modernized and production dramatically increased.
1989: Calaveras Cement Co. purchases plant through parent company CBR Cement Co.
1990-1991: New, modernized production facility built.
1995: Lehigh Cement Co., through parent Heidelberg Cement Group, purchases Calaveras Cement Co. and operates plant.
2002: Plant renamed Lehigh Southwest Cement Co.

(Notable Buildings • Notable Events • Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 13 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

People of the Mountains

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California, Kern County, Tehachapi
In this village scene from before contact with the white man, women weave baskets and grind foodstuffs in bedrock mortars. Children play games, as the men make tools and weave rabbit pelt blankets. The border shows more recent members and elders of the tribe, and baskets for which the local Indians were known.

The background includes local pictographs, a natural lake and the natural vegetation still visible in the area, such as cattails and rushes. The domed huts are called kahni, which means house in the Kawaiisu or Nüwa language.

(Arts, Letters, Music • Native Americans • Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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