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Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial

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Indiana, Spencer County, Lincoln City
Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial represents an important expression of the nation’s respect and reverence for Abraham Lincoln. The park includes the farm of Thomas Lincoln, Abraham’s father; the marked gravesite of Lincoln’s mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln; and the preserved site of one of the Lincoln cabins.

A more recent addition is this Memorial Building, completed in 1943, which pays tribute to Lincoln’s Indiana roots. The building features two memorial halls and five sculptured limestone panels that mark significant stages in the life of Abraham Lincoln. The building also serves as the park’s Memorial Visitor Center and is a good place to start your visit.

(captions)
One of five sculptured limestone bas-reliefs on the Memorial Building

The preserved site of one of the Lincoln cabins

Nancy Hanks Lincoln’s gravestone

Lincoln Living Historical Farm

Abraham Lincoln spent 14 of the most formative years of his life, from age 7 to 21, on this Indiana farm. During these years, from 1816 to 1830, he grew both physically and intellectually.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Veterans Memorial

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Minnesota, Sibley County, Henderson

In Honor of the
Men and Women
Who Served Our
Country

(Military) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Key Route Train Station

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California, Alameda County, Oakland
On this spot on June 1, 1904, the first Key Route electric train arrived to be welcomed by a crowd of excited residents. From a new ferry pier on the bay off Emeryville it had brought officials and guests to a dedication ceremony here. Key founder and president, “Borax” Smith welcomed the crowd to the latest form of rapid transit. In 1937 a new station was built for streamlined trains which started running over the Bay Bridge in 1939. Train time from here to First and Mission St. in “The City” was 26 minutes. The last train left from here at 6:45 PM on Saturday, April 19, 1958.

(Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Honor Roll

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California, Alameda County, Piedmont
World War I Egbert Williams Beach • Henry Augustus Butters • Otto Julius Carlsen • Frank Jay Field • Thomas Edward Graves • Carl Castlemayne Jones • Hunter McClure

World War II George David Anderson • John R. Anderson, Jr. • James M. Aver • Joseph G. Baker • John A. Beidman, Jr. • Geary Bundshu • Estiban B. Calbite • Thomas W. Carlson • Arthur Chamberlin, Jr. • Winslow K. Chase • William H. Chickering II • William A. Cluthe • Gordon H. Craig • Joseph DeGraftenreid • Theodore R. Doe • Jack M. Emery • John D. Fay • James Curtis Fisher • Kenneth A. Flinn • Leonard W. Franklin • Theodore Gregory • James H. Hall • Stuart M. Hawley, Jr. • Bruce A. Jackson • A. Karl Kempkey • Robert D. Durkjian • William Bruce Lyon • Hall MacBride • Robert Meltzer • Roger Mortensen • Thomas G. Murphey • John J. Niosi • Frank L. Pollard, Jr. • Guy L. Putnam, Jr. • Preston Richardson • Robert H. Rutley • Alexander H. Small • John A. Soens • Theodore Sweetland • Lawrence C. Taylor • Lawrence S. Timpson, Jr. • Frederick M. Van Horn • James Wainwright, Jr. • John Thomas Wallace • David C. Waybur • Otis Whitney • William G. Windeler • Jean Witter, Jr. • Theodore Wittschen, Jr.

Korea Bruce Landsdell Hawley • Calvin K. Penberthy • Robert Roy Williams

Vietnam Thomas J. Steimer • Kendal W. Thompson • Chris C. Vurlumis

(War, Korean • War, Vietnam • War, World I • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Church Bell from St. Philip Neri Catholic Church

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Kansas, Crawford County, Franklin


Established in Franklin from 1915-2004.
Bell installed at this location November, 2005

(Churches, Etc. • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Franklin Sidewalk

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Kansas, Crawford County, Franklin


Constructed in 1936 with federal funding assistance, the Franklin Sidewalk connects two rural mining communities in Crawford County - Franklin and Arma. The 3' wide sidewalk stretches 1.7 miles. It has become well known as the "longest sidewalk connecting two communities".

(Charity & Public Work • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Dragline Bucket

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Kansas, Crawford County, Franklin


Used in strip-mining operations to remove the overburden of soil from coal seams.

Owned by Wilkinson Coal Company
Donated by Wendell & Lynda Wilkinson
Dedicated January 13, 2013

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Atlatl Rock

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Nevada, Clark County, near Overton
An atlatl is a throwing stick or a dart thrower used by ancient tribes to give more force to their darts or spears. It was usually a wooden stick about two feet long with a handhold on one end and a hook on the other end. A slot cut in the tail end of the dart was set against the hook allowing the dart to lie along the atlatl so that both could be grasped midway of the dart by the user.

These petroglyphs were made by ancient tribes. Respect their antiquity. Help preserve them.

(Natural Features) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Beehives

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Nevada, Clark County, near Overton
Once part of a sand deposit that covered a vast area, these rocks have been subjected to a relentless attack by harsh winds, rain, heat and cold creating the many unusual formations that make up the Valley of Fire.

(Natural Features) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Valley of Fire Behind the Camera

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Nevada, Clark County, near Overton
This ruin appears to be a symbol of ancient times but was actually built in 1965 for the movie “The Professional.” The main movie set, a Mexican hacienda, was located where the parking lot is now. Railroad ties can still be seen sticking out of the rocks.

Commercial photography in the park began in the 1920s when Hal Roach started filming westerns. He also produced “One Million B.C.” The uniqueness of the park has become well known with over 45 commercial photo shoots every year. Other popular movies filmed here include the “Electric Horseman” and Star Trek Generations.” The park has appeared in many types of commercial as well.

Did You Know?
Valley of Fire State Park is recognized nationally for its picturesque geologic formations.
To prevent lasting effects on the environment, park rangers now carefully manage commercial photography, allowing film crews to take pictures and leave only foot prints.

(Photo Caption)
Film makers built this Mexican hacienda on this site as a set for the movie “The Professionals” in 1965.

(Entertainment • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Silica Dome

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Nevada, Clark County, near Overton
The sandstone formations that are so prominent in the Valley of Fire are made of sand grains that are almost pure silica. This huge dome is the finest example in the area of such a deposit. The change from white to red in the base of the dome occurs where small quantities of iron in the rock produces a rust-like stain.

(Natural Features) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Cabins

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Nevada, Clark County, near Overton
These three cabins were built by the Civilian Conservation Corps (C.C.C.) soon after the Valley of Fire became a state park in 1935. They are constructed of native sandstone and were used for many years to shelter campers and travelers visiting the park. The Cabins are now being preserved as a reminder of the work accomplished by the C.C.C. throughout Nevada under the able direction of Col. Thomas W. Miller, Nevada’s first State Park Commission Chairman.

Approximately 9,000 persons visited the newly established Valley of Fire State Park in 1936. Today over 200,000 visitors enjoy the park each year.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Canoe Station

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Alabama, Escambia County, near Atmore
Settled by A.J. Hall in 1852 and occupied by Confederate troops because of its value as a railroad stop during the War Between the States (1861-65), Canoe was the site of a March 27, 1865 encampment of Union forces. The 1870s brought expansion through the A.M. Lowery sawmill. The Farrar, Lowrey, Stanton, Watson, and other stores prospered (1890s-1950s). Schools educated the young and the L&N Railroad provided passenger service (1890-1960s).

The mineral springs was a social center and water was bottled and shipped from the site (early 1900s). WPA employed residents during the Great Depression (1930s). Local sons fought in WWII (1941-45). Many businesses had closed by the mid-1960s as larger commercial centers attracted Canoe’s residents.

(Industry & Commerce • Railroads & Streetcars • Settlements & Settlers • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Rough Riders

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Florida, Escambia County, Pensacola
June 1, 1898, Col. Theodore Roosevelt and 170 of his Rough Riders (Indian, cowboys, policemen, clubmen, millionaires, etc.) welcomed here en route to Spanish-American War. There were 6 trains with men, horses and equipment of 1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry.

One month later, San Juan Hill, Cuba, was taken.

(Notable Persons • War, Spanish-American) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fort George

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Florida, Escambia County, Pensacola
Site of Fort George - headquarters of British West Florida - Suwannee to the Mississippi. From 1763 until captured by Spanish Gen. Bernardo de Galvez in 1781 and renamed San Miguel. Seized by Andrew Jackson in 1814 and 1818 and delivered to him as U.S. Territory, 1821. Acquired by the Knights of Columbus 1924.

(Forts, Castles • War of 1812) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Our Confederate Dead

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Florida, Escambia County, Pensacola

South Facing Side (Main Side)
A.D.1861. - A.D.1865.
The UnCrowned Heroes
of the
Southern Confederacy.
Whose joy was to suffer
and die for a cause they
believed to be just.
Their unchallenged devo-
tion and matchless
heroism shall continue
to be the wonder and
inspiration of the ages.

East side
Jefferson Davis
President of the
Confederate States
of America.
Soldier, Statesman, Patriot
Christian
the only man in our nation
without a country,
yet twenty million people
mourn his death.

North side
Stephen R. Mallory
Secretary of the Navy
of the Confederate States
of America.
"Tis not in mortals to
command success; but
we'll do more sempronious,
we'll deserve it."

West side
Edward Aylesworth Perry
Captain of the
Pensacola "Rifles,"
Colonel of the
Second Florida Regiment.
General of the
Florida Brigade in the Army
Northern Virginia.
Among the first to volun-
teer in the defense of his
adopted state. Faithful in
every position to which his
merit advanced him.
His life and deeds constitute
his best monument.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Christ Church

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Florida, Escambia County, Pensacola

From 1763-1783 the Bishop of London licensed priests to administer here.

The Parish was organized in 1827.

Chartered by Florida's Territorial Council in 1829.

The Rev. Addison Searle was the first rector.

During the rectorships of the Rev. Benjamin Hutchins and of the Rev. Ashbel Steele this church was built being completed in 1832.

The Rt. Rev. Jackson Kemper D.D. made the first episcopal visitation in 1838 and consecrated the church to the worship of God according to the Anglican Rite.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Battle Begins

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Tennessee, Henderson County, Parkers Crossroads

On the evening of December 30, Forrest's scouts ascertained that Dunham's Brigade was just north of Clarksburg. Forrest, knowing that General Sullivan was at Huntingdon, "determined to throw his force between Dunham and Sullivan and whip the former before the latter could intervene." That same night, Dunham's scouts reported that Forrest was camped at Union Church, just six miles west. A confident Dunham was determined to catch Forrest the following day at Parker's Crossroads.

The two forces met early on December 31 at Hicks' field on the McLemoresville Road, 1¼ mile northwest of Parker's Crossroads. After a short exchange, during which they were subjected to a heavy battering of shot and shell, the outgunned Federals began an orderly withdrawal.

Expecting Forrest to move south, Dunham deployed his troops along and behind a ridge on the east side of the Lexington-Huntingdon Road. Forrest, however, sent most of his forces east, along the Pleasant Exchange Road (Wildersville Road).

In response to this unexpected movement, which Dunham incorrectly thought was an attempt by Forrest to escape, Dunham moved north.

Dunham formed in line of battle parallel to the Pleasant Exchange Road and just north of a wooded area enclosed by a split-rail fence. The left side of the line was anchored on the Lexington-Huntingdon Road, the right on an open field.

"All had moved into position with alacrity and with the steadiness of veterans …The artillery had been ordered forward … but it had not yet arrived. By this time the enemy had got into position and the fire from his batteries had become intense along our whole line." Colonel Cyrus L. Dunham

Dunham's mistake put his men in a grim position. The Union artillery, which was late getting into position, was low on ammunition and, as Dunham would later report, "… was strikingly inefficient." Meanwhile, Forrest's artillery pounded the Union line. His cavalry was in their front and dismounted soldiers were working around the Union right flank.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

West Blocton, Alabama

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Alabama, Bibb County, West Blocton

West Blocton began as a business and residential community adjoining the Cahaba Coal Mining Company's town of Blocton in 1883-84. West Blocton incorporated in 1901. Eugene D. Reynolds was the first mayor, 1901-1904, followed by Dr. L.E. Peacock, 1904-1906. A son of Italian Immigrants, Frank T. Ferrire, has been the longest serving mayor, 1965-1984. West Blocton was the commercial center of the southern Cahaba coal field serving the neighboring company towns and mining camps of Belle Ellen, Piper, Lucille, Gurnee, Coleanor, Garnsey, Galloway, Marvel, Moffatt, Masena, Braehead, Red Eagle and Hargrove. Economic opportunity attracted a diverse population. An Italian Catholic Cemetery lies just east of town and the League of Brothers Synagogue was built on Main Street in 1905. Bibb County's first bank, the Blocton Savings Bank was established in 1892. By 1910, West Blocton boasted of 55 businesses including a newspaper, bottling works, hotels, general stores, lawyers, doctors, photographers, shoemaker, tailor and dentist offices. West Blocton is now the home of the Cahaba Lily Festival.

(Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Manning the Guns

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Tennessee, Henderson County, Parkers Crossroads

Artillery played a decisive role in many Civil War battles, including Parker's Crossroads. Few people realize, however, that manning and equipping a six-gun battery involved approximately 150 men, 110 horses and mules, and hundreds of pieces of equipment.

The Men
A captain commanded the battery. There were four lieutenants, one to command each two-gun "section" and one to command the caissons. There were also two staff sergeants, five mechanics, two blacksmiths, two buglers and a standard bearer. Each gun had one gunner, usually a sergeant, seven artillerists, and at least two horseholders. Almost 70 drivers were needed for the teams that pulled the caissons, limbers, supply wagons, and traveling forge.

The Guns
A full battery consisted of six guns, although four-gun batteries were common, especially in the Confederacy. The most common field pieces were the 3-inch ordnance rifle, the 10-pounder Parrott field rifle, and the 12-pounder Napoleon. Early in the war, 6-pounder bronze field guns and 12-pounder howitzers were common.

The range of these guns varied. Both the Parrotts and the 3-inch ordnance rifles had a range of over one mile. The Napoleon had less range, .92 mile, but because it was a smoothbore was more effective with canister.

The Equipment
On the march, each gun was hooked behind a limber, which carried a chest containing ammunition, primers, and fuses. The limber also carried the tar bucket, canvas water buckets, and a tarpaulin. For each gun in the battery there were at least two caissons, which carried additional ammunition chests, axes, and a spare wheel and pole. The battery wagon carried everything needed to keep the battery in good running order – oil, paint, spokes, spare gunners' tools, harness, spades, scythes, picks, and a complete complement of carriage makers' tools and saddlers' tools – over 125 different items. A rack carried forage for the horses. The traveling forge sat on a limber that also carried smiths' tools, spare hardware, nails, and 200 pounds of horseshoes. There might also be several wagons for extra fodder and supplies.

The Horses & Mules
A battery depended on its horses. A four or six-horse team was needed to pull each caisson, each gun and limber, the battery wagon, the forge, and each additional wagon. Officers rode horses, as did artillerists in a horse artillery battery. Ten or more spare horses were a necessity. Without horses a battery's guns were immobile. They were so important that they, as well as the guns they moved, became targets in combat.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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