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The Valley of a Thousand Haystacks

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Montana, Powell County, near Avon
The Little Blackfoot Valley is filled with lush hay fields. You already may have noticed the rounded haystacks and commented on the strange lodgepole structures standing in many of the fields. This contraption that looks like a cross between a catapult and a cage is a hay-stacker that actually acts like a little of both. It was invented before 1910 by Dade Stephens and H. Armitage in the Big Hole Valley about sixty miles south of here. The device, called a beaver slide, revolutionized haying in Montana. It helped keep the wind from blowing the hay away and cut stacking time considerably.

To work the beaver slide, a large rake piled high with hay is run up the arms of the slide (the sloping portion of the “catapult”). At the top the hay dumps onto the stack. The side gates (the cage part) keep the stack in a neat pile and make it possible to stack higher. The sides were added to the system in the late 1940s. Although the lifting of the rake is usually powered by a take-off from a tractor, truck or car axle, on some operations horse teams still provide the rpm’s to muscle the hay up the slide.

Aside from minor improvements, the beaver slide has remained unchanged since its inception. Once used throughout a good portion of the northern west, modern technology that can shape hay into bales, loaves or huge jelly rolls have replaced it in many areas. The Little Blackfoot is one of several valleys in Montana where you can still see the beaver slide and its distinctive haystacks.

(Agriculture) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Mullan Road

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Montana, Powell County, near Elliston
From this point west to the Idaho line, Us Highway 12 and I-90 follows the route of a military road located and constructed in Montana between 1859 - 62 by Captain John Mullan. The road was 624 miles long and connected Fort Benton, Montana, with Fort Walla Walla, Washington. Originally an Indian trail, Mullan mapped the road over the pass in the 1850s. In 1860, it was incorporated into the military road that would bear his name.

The Captain aside from his engineering ability, was a man of considerable insight as evidenced by the following excerpt from his final report. He prophesied “... the locomotive engine will make passage of the ... wild interior at rates of speed which will startle human credulity.” Indeed, two decades later, in 1883, the Northern Pacific Railway constructed its main line over Mullan Pass.

Mullan himself might have been incredulous had he seen the freight train that crossed this divide in 1865. Seven camels, each laden with 600 pounds of flour, made the trek from Helena to the Deer Lodge area mines. One of the less successful experiments in American transportation history, the dromedary carried tremendous loads, was sure footed, had great stamina, but the horses, mules and oxen of the teamsters and mule packers stampeded at the sight and smell of them. The camels were gone from Montana by 1867.

(Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Arroyo Hondo Fish Passage & Upstream Habitat Restoration

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California, Santa Barbara County, near Goleta
Arroyo Hondo creek has the best habitat on the south coast of Santa Barbara County for the endangered Southern California Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This native fish spends part of its life in freshwater streams like this one, and part of its life in the ocean.

Miles of Steelhead habitat at Arroyo Hondo were cut off in 1949 during the construction of US 101. The culvert installed under the highway presented a barrier to upstream migration for spawning. During low flows, the height of the water column was insufficient for upstream migration, and during high flows, the velocity of the water too great for migration.

After several years of planning, construction of a fish passage started in late 2007 with the installation of 31 concrete baffles along the course of the culvert. These baffles increase the water column during low flows, and slow the creek’s velocity in high flows. Each baffle intentionally gathers cobbles and creates an eddy pool, making ideal resting places for migrating fish.

This restoration project entailed creating a large resting pool just upstream from the culvert and other improvements throughout the watershed. Over an acre of degraded habitat was restored, streamside erosion was controlled, and more than 8,000 native plants were planted along the banks of the creek.

(Animals • Environment • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The San Angelo Standard

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Texas, Tom Green County, San Angelo


In 1884 J. G. Murphy and W. A. Guthrie, co-workers at the "San Angelo Enterprise", bought the weekly newspaper operation and began the "Standard". The first four-page edition was published on May 3 of that year. Early stories included coverage of frontier scalpings and the life of the Fort Concho soldier. The "Standard" became an eight-page newspaper within six months and continued as a weekly until 1905, when the first issue of the "Evening Daily Standard" appeared. The newspaper and its leaders have played major roles in the development of San Angelo and surrounding areas.

(Communications • Entertainment • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

James Allen Reed / Trempealeau

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Wisconsin, Trempealeau County, Trempealeau
James Allen Reed
1798 - 1873
First Permanent Settler in Trempealeau County & Founder of Trempealeau
James Reed was a man of medium height, with broad shoulders and a large chest. He had light brown hair and grayish blue eyes. He was quick, active, alert and ready for any emergency. He often dressed like the Indians with a blanket thrown over his shoulders and fastened around his waist with a belt. Whether out hunting, trapping or on one of his numerous journeys, Reed always rode with his rifle across the pommel of his saddle. In disposition he was a kind and genial man. He had been such a man as the frontier demanded, while his firmness and fairness won for him the respect of all his associates.

1798 - James Reed was born in Kentucky to Scotch-Irish pioneers. Like most children of the frontier era he was unlearned in the lore of books, but he was adept in the school of nature. Reed could follow a trail, wield a hunting knife and throw a tomahawk with more cunning than most of the native Indians. As a rifleman, he acquired wide renown, even on the western frontier where every man was considered an expert.

1812 - At the age of 14 he began his military career in the “War of 1812”. With the conclusion of the war, Reed enlisted in the regular army and was posted to Fort Crawford on the Mississippi River, near Prairie du Chien. Here his skills with a rifle along with his knowledge of woodcraft, Indian customs and languages moved him up to the rank of sergeant. Although an excellent soldier, Reed’s greatest service to the government was in the capacity of a scout, where he directed soldiers through the wilderness on expeditions against the Indians.

1819 - When Reed was 21 years old, he married an Indian woman of the “Potawotomi tribe” cousin to Chief Hole-in-the-Day. She took the name of Margaret, was baptized Catholic and bore Reed 5 children before she died in 1830. During Reed’s service at Fort Crawford he learned the carpenter trade, which allowed him to find plenty of work both in and out of the army. He always wanted to be a fur trader so he went to work for the American Fur Company after his discharge.

1830 - After the death of Reed’s first wife he married Agatha, a Menominee mixed blood widow and had 2 additional children from this marriage. As a trapper Reed caught all varieties of fur-bearing animals. The animals he preferred trapping in the region were muskrat, mink, marten, otter, raccoon, and beaver. He made a special effort to trap beaver.

1835 - At the finish of the Black Hawk War, Reed was sent among the Iowa Indians on government business. He started on his French Train, which consisted of a sled of oak fastened to an Indian pony by two poles. “I started on my train,” said Reed, “taking my old flintlock rifle and ammunition to last the trip, for I was expected to kill game enough for my living. On my way I chanced to kill a big, fat bear, and when I reached the Indian camp and exhibited my game a howl of joy went up among the redskins. We dressed and cooked the bear Indian fashion, making soup of him, which I ate with the natives in their manner, and in order to show my appreciation I ate the last drop of soup and then licked the dish as the Indians did. That lick gained for me and the government our point without a thought of blood shed, and after shaking hands with my Indian friends I took my departure on my French train for Prairie du Chien.” For the next 3 years Reed earned a living as a tavern keeper in Prairie du Chien, where he became known as “Captain Reed” on account of his military record, his reputation as a fearless hunter and the many frontier stories and adventures he had experienced.

1838 - Reed left the tavern business and returned to work again for the American Fur Company.

1840 - Reed built a log house and moved his family to the banks of the Mississippi, in what became known as James Reed’s Landing and eventually Trempealeau. While living on this site Reed’s second wife, Agatha, died.
1841 - After the death of Agatha, Reed married his 3rd wife Archange, the widow Amable Grignon, and had one son from this marriage. This was a very good match for Reed as Archange’s brother was not only a prominent trader, but a cousin to Chief Wabashaw. This tie gave Reed great prestige among the Sioux helped secure Reed the position of government farmer for the Wabashaw Indians living on the present site of Winona, MN. He started this new occupation as government farmer and store keep some time in 1842.

1844 - Reed and L.H. Bunnell erected the first house built in Winona. This was a government storehouse constructed of white ash logs. Reed retained this appointment as government farmer until the signing of the Treaty in 1851.

1851 - Reed was elected Justice of La Crosse County (which at the time included Trempealeau). During this time he resided in James Reed’s Landing.

1853 - Reed sold his Trempealeau property to Benjamin B. Healy and moved his family onto a piece of government land in Little Tamarack.

1863 - At the age of 65 while out hunting with his two favorite dogs near the town of Dodge, they came upon a panther. The dogs fought furiously, but the panther seemed to be getting the better of them. Drawing his tomahawk Reed entered the fray, he didn’t dare use his rifle for fear of wounding his dogs, and at length a well directed blow succeeded in killing the panther.

1873 - James Reed died on his farm June 2, at the age of 75.

This monument was placed by Ronald G. Wanek,
great-great-great-grandson of James A. Reed.

Dedicated this 8th day of July, 2011.

Trempealeau
Early Native American traditions associated Trempealeau with one peculiarly situated mountain among the Trempealeau Range. This they believed had been carried off by a supernatural force from the neighborhood of a Sioux Village on the site of modern Winona. When Sioux warriors found the mountain they called it, Pah-had-dah, the moved mountain. Neighboring Winnebago / Ho-Chunk tribes called the mountain, Hay-nee-ah-chah, soaking mountain. French voyagers of the 17th century translated the name into La Montagne qui trempe a l'eau - the mountain that is steeped in water.

1680 - Father Louis Hennepin is believed to be the first white man to have seen the Trempealeau bluffs.
1685 - Nicholas Perrot establishes a trading post about two miles up stream from the present village of Trempealeau.
1731 - Swiss missionaries set out to Christianize the Native Americans in Trempealeau.
1763 - The upper Mississippi passes by treaty from French to English rule.
1805 - Zebulon E. Pike from whom Pike's Peak in Colorado is named sleeps near the foot of Trempealeau Mountain.
1820 - A fur trading camp is established at Trempealeau Mountain.
1823 - The first steamboat, the Virginia, passes this point.
1837 - John Doville & Antoine Reed established a wood yard on an island opposite what is now Trempealeau. Doville is the son-in-law of James Reed.
1840 - James Reed climbs "Liberty Peak." So pleased is he with the view that he brings his family from Prairie du Chien by boat and builds a log cabin on the river bank. Soon others arrive. They form a cluster of cabins known as "Reed's Place" or James Reed's Landing.
1843 - The next settlers to come are Mr. & Mrs. Willard Bunnell and his brother Lafayette; then the French Canadians: Peter Rosseau, Charles Perkins, Joseph Boulte, Michael Goulet and Paul and Antoine Grignon.
The fur trade flourishes. Life in the French settlement is filled with adventure. Hunters and trapers match their talents and wood craft with the Indians. Trempealeau is now known as James Reed's Landing.
1846 - There are a half dozen log cabins scattered along the river front occupied by French and French Canadian families.
1851 - The settlement of Trempealeau comes under the jurisdiction of La Crosse County.
James Reed is appointed the first judge.
The first sheriff in Trempealeau County is A. M. Brandenburg and Charles Utter is district attorney.
Benjamin F. Hueston and Ira Hammond, together with James Reed, decide to form a village.
1852 - William Hood, as surveyor, makes a plat of James Reed's landing.
The name of the village is changed to Montoville.
Another survey is made under direction of Timothy Burs, F.M. Rublee and Ben B. Hely and it is called Trempealeau, after Trempealeau Mountain.
A Post Office is established, B. F. Hueston is the first postmaster.
N. B. Grover comes up from La Crosse and opens a shoe shop.
A 4th of July celebration is held in the Hammond and Hueston Warehouse.
1853 - Reed sells his tavern and hotel. The name is changed to Washington Hotel.
The village name is again changed to Montoville.
1854 - The first County board meeting is held in Montoville.
The first school is started in a little log house on the river front by Mr. George Batchelder.
1855 - Population 388. La Crosse, WI's population is 577. Winona, MN's population is 813.
1856 - The village name changes back to Trempealeau and has remained.
The first mill is opened.
Trempealeau's economy booms with the wheat production and milling industries, and becomes a major shipping port of the region.
Lot prices increase from $40.00 to $1,000, reflecting higher demand.
The first Congregational Church is built.
Olson Atwood and E.R. Utter become Trempealeau's first doctors.
1857 - Trempealeau suffers from a national financial crash.
Land barons react slowly to a decrease in demand. Over time, investors secure cheaper land in Winona, La Crosse, Red Wing and St. Paul. The Melchoir Hotel & Brewery is built and begins brewing Melchoir Lager Beer.
1858 - The Trempealeau Times becomes the first newspaper.
1867- The village is incorporated.
1871 - The La Crosse, Trempealeau & Prescott Railroad is completed.
A depot is built.
Wheat shipments increase from 1000 bushels to 5000 bushels a day.
1883 - The Thomas House and Hotel is built.
1885 - The first telephone is installed.
1887 - The Burlington Railway passes through Trempealeau. Fire breaks out and destroys most of the two block business section of Trempealeau.
1888 - A band stand is erected through the efforts of Dr. C. H. Cutter and members of his band.
1889 - A depot is built across from the Melchoir Brewery & Hotel.
1891 - A high school is established.
1900 - The village is re-incorporated.
Population 609.
1912 - The Citizens State Bank is organized.
1915 - Electric lights are turned on July 4.
1917 - The Herald, Trempealeau's last newspaper, is published.
1918 - Perrot State park is established when John Latsch donates 900 acres.
1926 - Double tracks are constructed and the depot is moved to the left side of the foot of Main Street.
1934 - Construction starts at Lock and Dam #6.
1937 - Water works are installed.
1965 - The depot closes after 95 years of operation.
1987 - The Trempealeau Marina is established.
2000 - Population 1310.
2003 - The Shirley M. Wright Memorial Library is dedicated.
2010 - Population 1518.

This monument was placed by Ronald G. Wanek,
great-great-great-grandson of James A. Reed.

Dedicated this 8th day of July, 2011.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First Presbyterian Church

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Texas, Tom Green County, San Angelo


The Presbytery of Central Texas sent the Rev. J. H. Zivley to San Angelo in 1885 to organize a church here. Seven communicants met with Zivley in the Methodist church building and founded the Southern Presbyterian Church of San Angelo. They included Mrs. A. J. Baker, Mrs. E. G.Burt, Mr. and Mrs. J. R. Burt, Mr. and Mrs. J. N. P. Cramer, and Mrs. Sally Hancock.

By 1886 the membership had grown to 27, and this land at the corner of Irving and College Streets was purchased for $500. The first sanctuary was designed by architect Oscar Ruffini and finished in 1887. The Sunday School was instituted in the late 1890s with J. R. Burt as the first superintendent. Shortly after, the Ladies' Aid Society was formed with Mrs. A. J. Baker as its first president.

Construction of the present brick sanctuary began in 1906 and was completed in 1908. In that year a water-powered organ (since converted to electricity) was ordered from St. Louis by the Ladies' Aid Society. The sanctuary was dedicated in 1916.

An education building was built in 1950, and the Fellowship Hall was completed in 1956. During its first 100 years, the church was served by 11 ministers, two of whom served for a total of 63 years.

Texas Sesquicentennial 1836-1986.
————————
First Presbyterian Church
has been listed in the
National Register
of Historic Places
by the United States
Department of the Interior
1988

(Churches, Etc. • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

City Hall

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Texas, Tom Green County, San Angelo


City of
San Angelo
Texas

Historic
Landmark

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Tom Green

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Texas, Tom Green County, San Angelo


[Side A]
Led 5th Texas Cavalry Battle Val Verde
in Arizona-New Mexico Campaign 1861
1862 Commanded "Cotton Clad" carrying
cavalrymen dubbed "Horse Marines" in
recapture Galveston January 1863. Made
Brigadier General while leading
Green's Cavalry Division 1863 campaign
to save Louisiana. Killed 1864 leading
attack at Blair's Landing, Louisiana in
Red River Campaign to prevent the
Federal invasion of Texas. An ardent
Texan, a brave leader, he constantly
sought the heat of battle.

A memorial to Texans
who served the Confederacy

[Side B]
This county was named in honor of
Tom Green
1814 - 1864

Came to Texas from Tennessee 1833
Veteran Battle of San Jacinto 1836
manning famed "Twin Sisters" cannons.
Fayette County Representative 4th
Congress. Secretary of Senate 6th and
8th Congresses. Clerk of Supreme Court
1841-1861. Participated Frontier Indian
Campaigns. Member Sommervell Expedition
Officer in Mexican War, Confederate
General in the Civil War

(Patriots & Patriotism • Politics • War, Mexican-American • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Original Tom Green County

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Texas, Tom Green County, San Angelo


On transcontinental trail of California Gold Rush. Until 1846 a part of Bexar Land District, Republic of Texas. Private tracts were surveyed as early as 1847. German Emigration Company colony (90 mi. SE) had grants here, but in 1840s found Indians blocking settlement. Butterfield Overland Mail managers lived at stands in area, 1858-61. R. F. Tankersley family established a permanent home in 1864 in future Tom Green County. By 1874 there were five settlements here, including Bismarck Farm, a colony of 15 German immigrants. The county (12,756 sq. mil., 10½ times as large as state of Rhode Island) was created in 1874 and named for heroic Gen. Green (1814-64), a state official and gallant Texas soldier.

After a decade of progress, the original Tom Green County began losing outlying areas. Midland County — halfway between Fort Worth and El Paso on newly opened Texas & Pacific Railway — was created in 1885. Settlers remote from San Angelo petitioned for new counties in 1887, and the Texas Legislature created Crane, Loving, Upton, Ward and Winkler. Coke and Irion Counties were cut out of Tom Green in 1889. Ector and Sterling were created in 1891. Last diversions -- Glasscock (1893) and Reagan (1903) -- gave Tom Green its present size. It remains influential in the region.

(Patriots & Patriotism • Politics • Railroads & Streetcars • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Tom Green County Courthouse

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Texas, Tom Green County, San Angelo


To the memory of the heroic pioneers
of West Texas, this building is dedicated.
Men's homage and their love
shall never cease to follow them.
———————
Tom Green County Courthouse
has been listed in the
National Register
of Historic Places
by the United States
Department of the Interior
1988
———————
City of
San Angelo
Historic
Landmark

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Charles B. Metcalfe

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Texas, Tom Green County, San Angelo


Sponsor of 1918 measure to give Texas women right to vote.

Born in Lawrence County, Tenn. Came to Texas 1872. Helped map town site of Ben Ficklin, first county seat, Tom Green County.

Grew first bale of cotton and installed first (water-powered) cotton gin in county; was one of first ranchers to work for law and order, in fencing rangeland.

County Commissioner 6 years. Served 1915-1919 in Legislature of Texas. There his amendment to 1918 election bill gave vote in primaries to women of Texas three years before the national adoption of woman's suffrage.

(Agriculture • Industry & Commerce • Politics • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Veterans Memorial

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Texas, Tom Green County, San Angelo


Dedicated in memory of
all veterans who served
honorably in the
Armed Forces of the
United States of America

[Veteran organization emblems]

(Patriots & Patriotism • War, Korean • War, Vietnam • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lusia Terazzini

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California, San Francisco City and County, San Francisco
To Remember
Christmas Eve • 1910
when
Lusia Terazzini
sang to the people
of San Francisco
on this spot


(Arts, Letters, Music) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fernbridge

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California, Humboldt County, Fernbridge
Dedicated on November 16, 1911 and affectionately known as the "Queen of Bridges", it was the longest reinforced concreted arch structure in the world at the time of its construction. The bridge was designed by John B. Leonard, Civil Engineer, license No. 12, with assistance from county surveyor George W. Conners.

The bridge is 24 feet wide with seven 195-foot arches and is 1,451 feet in length. Originally it had a gravel driving course with 500-foot timber trestle approaches. These were replaced in 1920 with reinforced concrete and pavement. The abutments and piers sit on 150 timber piles, each to a depth of 50 feet below the water line. In 1911 the cost to construct the bridge was $245,967.

The bridge has endured many floods, including the massive flood of 1964. In 1992 the bridge withstood three major earthquakes, one of which was over 7.0 in magnitude.

The "Queen of Bridges" continues to be a stalwart structure for the Eel River Valley.

(Bridges & Viaducts) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

William Randolph Hearst

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California, San Francisco City and County, San Francisco
Founder of Hearst Newspapers began his newspaper publishing career with the San Francisco Examiner on March 4, 1887. Announcing:“The Examiner with this issue, has become the exclusive property of William R. Hearst, the son of its former proprietor. It will be conducted in the future on the same lines and policies which characterized its career under the control of Senator Hearst.”

(Communications • Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Phelan Building

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California, San Francisco City and County, San Francisco

was built in 1908 by philanthropist, humanitarian, and statesman James D. Phelan. This spectacular Flatiron style building was designed by William Curlett, one of the foremost architects of the Victorian-era and founding father of the AIA San Francisco Chapter. The Phelan Building also boasts the distinction of being the first building to be rebuilt after the devastating 1906 earthquake opening only 11 months later.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Welcome to the Old Tunnel

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Texas, Kendall County, near Fredericksburg
From May to October, Old Tunnel Wildlife Management Area is home to about 3 million Mexican free-tailed bats and 3,000 Cave myotis bats. Each night during this time, the bats spiral upwards once or twice outside the tunnel entrance before streaming out to feed on insects. Aerial predators, such as Red-tailed Hawks, are sometimes seen feeding on fallen bats as they emerge. Terrestrial (land) predators, such as raccoons are also sometimes seen feeding on fallen bats. Watching the emergence of millions of Mexican free-tailed bats is a special and unique experience. Even when bats are not present at the Old Tunnel, visitors can enjoy the railbed trail and see the tunnel that changed the history in the Hill Country.

Help safeguard this colony
Texas Parks & Wildlife Department acquired this property in 1991 to protect and preserve the bat colony. As more people come to see the bats, the possibility of disturbance is increased. This might cause the bats to abandon the roost. Biologists have learned much from research performed here at the Old Tunnel. You can help save the bats and our chance to enjoy the spectacular nightly emergence by following these simple guidelines:

Simple guidelines
• Please stay on designated trails and away from tunnel entrance
• Refrain from throwing rocks or any other objects at emerging bats
• Do not shine bright lights (flashlights, camera flash, video lights) on the emerging bats
• Please keep voices down before and during the emergence
• Stay behind all barrier cables and fences

Visitor activities
Daytime
A half-mile trail follows the historic railbed and includes a view of the tunnel, native plants and animals.
Nov-April, open sunrise to sunset.
May-Oct, open sunrise. Trail closes at varied times based on bat emergence time.
Trail surface is loose and steep in places. Use caution.

Nightime
Bat emergence can be viewed nightly from the upper viewing area to your right. Staff and volunteers are available to answer questions from May to October. There is no charge for this activity.
Lower deck viewing: From May to October, Thursday thru Sunday evenings, visitors can enjoy a close-up view of the bat emergence at the lower deck. Prior to the emergence, staff and volunteers provide a unique program about bats and railroad history. A fee is charged and seating is limited to the first 70 people. Special group tours: Available by special arrangement for a fee. For tours and questions call 866-978-2287.
Special group tours: Available by special arrangement for a fee. For tours and questions call 866-978-2287.

For emergencies, call 911

(Animals • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Parrot Building

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California, San Francisco City and County, San Francisco

Designed by Albert Pissis in 1896, the former Parrot Building that occupied this site housed the Emporium Department Store on the first two floors. Other tenants included the Supreme Court of California on the fifth floor. The building was renowned for its large dome and monumental façade of Colusa sandstone blocks. The façade survived the earthquake of 1906, but the great fire that followed gutted the interior and only part of the original structure remained. The 1896 façade was subsequently included in a reconstructed building reopened in 1908, housing only the Emporium. Until it closed in 1996, the Emporium was one of San Francisco’s leading retail establishments in the tradition of the grand department store. The present building incorporates the 1896 façade as well as the structure and ornamental cladding of the 1908 dome, which has been raised 60 feet above its original location.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Grapetown School

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Texas, Gillespie County, near Fredericksburg
In 1882, Frederick Baag donated this tract of land for the third Grapetown schoolhouse. Completed in 1884, the structure was built with labor and materials donated by the community. All seven grades were taught by one teacher. In 1905, the facility became a county school known as Grapetown Line School, District No. 14. In 1949, the schoolhouse was closed as the district was consolidated with surrounding community schools. A total of 28 teachers taught here. Recorded Texas Historic Landmark - 1984

(Education • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Sun House

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California, Mendocino County, Ukiah
This house, constructed in 1911-12, is a unique craftsman style redwood building which incorporates northwestern Indian designs into its architecture. The sun house was designed by George Wilcox and John W. and Grace Carpenter Hudson. Dr. Hudson was a recognized authority on American Indians, and especially California’s Pomo Indians. Mrs Hudson, an outstanding artist, became widely known for her paintings of Pomo life.

(Arts, Letters, Music • Native Americans • Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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