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Orange County Courthouse

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California, Orange County, Sanrta Ana
Built in 1900 of Arizona red sandstone, this is the oldest existing county courthouse in Southern California. Significant and far-reaching court decisions were handed down here, including the "Whipstock" case which dealt with slant oil drilling, interpretation of farm labor law, and the Overell trial resulting in law regulating explosives.

(Government • Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, GPS coordinates, map.

Olinda

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California, Orange County, Brea
The course of oil production was changed in 1899 when the Olinda area became the first site in California to use the technique of drilling with the hole full of water. Having been developed as a source of fuel oil for for the Santa Fe Railroad, Olinda became a bustling boomtown at the turn of the century. Its demise came with construction of Carbon Canyon Dam in 1959.

(Natural Resources • Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Old Town Irvine

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California, Orange County, Irvine
The townsite began in 1887 with the arrival of the AT&SF RR. James Irvine II chose this site to be the shipping center for crops grown on the Irvine Ranch, due to its high elevation. Original buildings remaining include the Bean Shed (1895), Bulk Storage Warehouse (1949), Blacksmith Shop (1912), Garage (1929), Tenant Farmhouse (1897), General Store (1912), and Hotel (1913). The hotel and store were moved from across Sand Canyon Avenue in 1986.

(Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fountain Inn Rosenwald School

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South Carolina, Greenville County, Fountain Inn

[Front]:
The Fountain Inn Rosenwald School, also known as the Fountain Inn Colored School, was a complex of several buildings built here from 1928 to 1942. The first school, a frame seven-room elementary school for grades 1-7, was a Rosenwald school, one of 500 rural schools in S.C. funded in part by the Julius Rosenwald Fund from 1917 to 1932. It was built in 1928-29 at a cost of $7,200.

[Reverse]:
The Fountain Inn Colored High School, a frame three-room high school for grades 8-11, was built in 1930. A frame teacherage was built in 1935 for principal Gerard A. Anderson, and by 1942 this complex included a library, gymnasium, and three new classrooms. The high school closed in 1954, and the elementary school closed in 1960. The 1935 teacherage is the only building standing; the rest were demolished in 2000.

(African Americans • Charity & Public Work • Education) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Richard Nixon Birthplace

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California, Orange County, Yorba Linda
In 1912 Frank and Hannah Nixon built this modest farmhouse on their small citrus ranch. Here Richard Nixon was born, January 9, 1913, and spent his first nine years. He served his country as Congressman, U.S. Senator, Vice President, and 37th President of the United States (1969-1974). He was the first native-born Californian to hold the presidency. President Nixon achieved significant advances in international diplomacy by ending U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, opening lines of communication with China and the Soviet Union, and initiating the Middle East peach process.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Simpsonville

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South Carolina, Greenville County, Simpsonville

[Front]:
This town grew up around a stagecoach stop from Laurens to Greenville. For many years the community was known as "Plain," the name given to its first post office, opened in 1838 with Jesse T. Cook as postmaster. It was later named for Peter Simpson (d. 1847), who had come here from Laurens District in 1836. Silas Gilbert opened a general store here about the sale time. Gilbert was postmaster in 1839-44, followed by Simpson in 1844-47.

[Reverse]:
Sidney J. Wilson (1854-1919) came here from N.C. about 1875 and opened a general store. In 1885-86 the Greenville & Laurens Railroad completed its line from Laurens to Greenville. Wilson had the town surveyed and city lots laid out on Main St., and soon built the first brick store here. The post office was renamed Simpsonville in 1885, and the city incorporated in 1901. Simpsonville Cotton Mill, later a branch of Woodside Mills, operated here from 1908 to 1989.

(Industry & Commerce • Railroads & Streetcars • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Chief Justice Harlan Fiske Stone

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New Hampshire, Cheshire County, Chesterfield
Born October 11, 1872, in a modest cottage 1.7 miles southeast of here on Horseshoe Road, Stone graduated from Amherst College and Columbia Law School, returning to the latter as Dean, 1910-1924. Attorney General in President Coolidge’s Cabinet, he was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court in 1924 and Chief Justice in 1941, serving until his death April 22, 1946. A teacher, lawyer, judge, and judicial craftsman of the highest order, he held the affection and respect of the lawyers of the nation.

(Government • Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Robert A. Cinader

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California, Los Angeles County, Carson
Robert A. Cinader's involvement with the Los Angeles County Fire Department began in 1971 when he filmed a pilot television movie about the county's fledgling paramedic program.

"Emergency" aired in 1972 and ran as a prime time show for five years with a weekly audience of 13 million people. The show brought attention and acclaim to the Los Angeles County Fire Department.

More importantly, it showed public officials across the nation that lives could be saved by local paramedic programs. As a result, Bob Cinader can be credited for making significant contributions to improving emergency medical services.

His involvement and commitment was so intense and his study of emergency services so thorough he became an expert in the field. In 1975, he was appointed to the county's Emergency Medical Services Commission where he served until his death in 1982.

In recognition of his extraordinary public service, on May 28, 1985, the Board of Supervisors voted unanimously to pay special tribute to Bob Cinader by naming Fire Station 127 in Carson, which was used in the filming of "Emergency", in his honor.

Peter F. Schabarum
Supervisor, First District Kenneth Hawn - Supervisor, Second District • Edmund D. Edelman - Supervisor, Third District • Deane Dana - Supervisor, Fourth District • Michael D. Antonovich - Fifth District

(Communications • Education • Entertainment • Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Scotts Run/The First Shack

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West Virginia, Monongalia County, near Pursglove
Scotts Run By the 1930s 10,000 residents representing 28 nationalities and tied to the coal industry crowded the hillsides, victims of severe poverty brought on by a coal recession and Great Depression. "The Shack" and Scotts Run Settlement House brought needed services and interest of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt in relief programs.

The First Shack North 50 feet was first site for "The Shack", community center set up by Presbyterian mission worker Mary Behner to serve mining families of Scotts Run. Opened in a former stable of Pursglove Coal Co., 1932. Site of educational, religious and community service programs, and political, social and labor meetings. Relocated in 1938.

(20th Century • Charity & Public Work) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Goshen Baptist Church

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Pennsylvania, Chester County, near West Chester
Former Site of
Goshen Baptist Church
Meeting House


Erected 1809 – Chartered 1827
Relocated 1970

(Churches, Etc. • Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Edwin L. Drake

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Pennsylvania, Crawford County, near Titusville
The man who sank the first oil well is buried in Woodlawn Cemetery, and is commemorated by Niehaus's bronze figure of "The Driller." Drake Well is now a State park, a mile and a half south of Titusville.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Drake Well Park

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Pennsylvania, Venango County, near Titusville
On this site "Col." Edwin Drake struck oil Aug. 27, 1859; the birth of the petroleum industry. Administered by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.

(Exploration • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mormon Battalion Marker

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California, Orange County, Mission Viejo
Dedicated to the valiant members of the historic Mormon Battalion who stopped here on March 20, 1847, as they marched from San Diego to Los Angeles. A division of the U.S. Army of the West, these brave soldiers, trusting in God, overcame incredible odds and faced unequaled hardships in extending the frontiers of our country to include this land of promise.

The 500 loyal men of the Mormon Battalion, recruited from the camps of the Mormon pioneers who had just been driven from the United States, enlisted to serve their country in the war with Mexico. These faithful men left their families on July 20, 1846, and marched 2,000 miles on foot--the longest march in U.S. history, arriving in San Diego on January 29, 1847.

After building a wagon road to the West, the industrious Battalion members worked tirelessly, fortifying old Ft. Stockton in San Diego, constructing Ft. Moore in Los Angeles, and performing community service projects. The Battalion played a major role in maintaining the peace, establishing political stability in the territory, and shaping early California history.

(Churches, Etc. • Military • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Aliso Creek Adobes

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California, Orange County, Mission Viejo
This spring and the sycamore trees mark the area of an adobe house and outbuilding built in the 1840s by Jose Serrano, whose Rancho Canada de los Alisos stretched to the north. Within a short distance were the two adobes of Juan Avila's Rancho Niguel, which extended to the south. The stage road, following the old Spanish "El Camino Real," passed between the two haciendas. This glen was a welcome stop for travelers.

(Hispanic Americans • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Golden Sheaf Bakery Annex

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California, Alameda County, Berkeley
Listed on the National Record of Historic Places

In 1877, English immigrant John G. Wright founded the Golden Sheaf, Berkeley's first wholesale/retail bakery. The original bakery, with a public dining room, stood around the corner on Shattuck Avenue. Bakers lived in an on-site dormitory and students boarded in rooms upstairs. The business grew into the region's largest bakery, and this annex was constructed to house its fleet of horse-drawn delivery wagons. Wright helped found a bakers' union in 1904, and provided a meeting place here for groups advocating termperance and women's suffrage. In 1906 the bakery produced thousands of loaves of bread to feed refugees from the San Francisco earthquake.

The bakery business was sold to Wonderbread in 1909 and was moved from this site. In 2000, developer Avi Nevo renovated and restored the building. He then donated it to the adjacent Berkeley Repertory Theater to house its children's education center. The brick facade still features the Golden Sheaf name and symbol in terra-cotta relief.

(Arts, Letters, Music • Industry & Commerce • Labor Unions) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Jedediah Smith

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California, San Bernardino County, Barstow
In 1826 he led a party of 17 men through the territory of the Mojave Indians, then west across our Great desert. During the trek, the heat became so intense that it forced him and his men to bury themselves in the sand to keep cool. They were the first Americans to enter California overland from the east.

(Arts, Letters, Music • Exploration • Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Westport - Santa Fe Trail - Oregon / California Trail

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Kansas, Johnson County, Shawnee

Westport
Westport, along with Independence, was a major outfitting point for the Santa Fe, Oregon, and California Trails. Founded in 1834 by John C. McCoy and platted around the trading post he built the previous year, Westport's early fortunes were directly tied to it's [sic] namesake landing on the Missouri river four miles due north of the town. Through the decade of the 1830's, Independence was the main outfitting point for Santa Fe traders. But as the decade closed and opportunities for commerce expanded to including outfitting for emigrant wagon trains bound for Oregon and California, Westport equaled and eventually, by the 1850's, surpassed Independence in the size of the trade.

Francis Parkman launched his famous 1846 journey to the west from Westport. The Bidwell-Bartleson party, the first emigrant wagon train destined for the Pacific shores, started from Westport in 1841. Thomas Fitzpatrick, Kit Carson, and Jim Bridger, three of the greatest mountain men and traders, lived in Westport for a time. Before his rendevzous with destiny in California, John Sutter kept shop in Westport in 1837.

Santa Fe Trail
This famous trail was founded in 1821 when WIlliam Becknell led a small group of men from Franklin, Missouri to Santa Fe on a trading expedition. Having recently declared its independence from Spain, Mexico threw off years of trade restrictions, and the colonial trading village of Santa Fe welcomed Becknell. Thus this trade route between two nations was opened, and for almost sixty years the wagons kept rolling. The Santa Fe Trail saw traders, trappers and mountain men, gold seekers, soldiers, and emigrants all walk it's [sic] dusty trace, but it found its most lasting legacy as a two way trail of commerce. In the Kansas City area, the Santa Fe Trail area had two trailheads, Westport and Independence.

Present day Shawnee is on the route from Westport. Both routes met near present day Gardner and then continued southwest as one trail. The Santa Fe Trail was designated by Congress as a National Historic Trail in 1987.

Oregon Trail
Hundreds of thousands of people emigrated to the western frontiers along the Oregon Trail, laying claim to much of the West from the late 1830's through the Civil War. Originally a route established by mountain men and fur trappers to and through the Rocky Mountains, by 1836 the Oregon Trail was being followed by missionaries to the Indians in Oregon Territory. In the Kansas City area the Oregon Trail actually followed the route of the earlier established Santa Fe Trail west, until branching off on its own west of present day Gardner. By 1841 the Oregon Trail traffic included people destined for California, and today the route is commonly referred to as the Oregon-California Trail. By 1849, the rush to the Pacific shores for gold filled The Oregon Trail. However, it is the image of families seeking a dream in the west, one wagon at a time, that is the defining moment of the Oregon Trail. In 1978 the Oregon Trail was designated by Congress as a National Historic Trail, and the California Trail was so designated in 1992.

Solomon N. Carvalho, 1853
Traveling as a daguerreotypist with the westward expedition of John C. Fremont S.N. Carvalho described his travel through present day northern Johnson County

"....started in excellent order and spirits'...[the group camped at] 'the Methodist Mission, about six miles from Westport'...and the next day proceeded to the "Shawnee Mission, a few miles further, and camped for the night."

Carvalhos's referral to the "Methodist Mission" describes the existing Shawnee Methodist Mission site in present day Fairway. His reference to "Shawnee Mission" refers to the location of the Shawnee Indian Church that was located at about present day 59th Terrence [sic - Terrace] and Bluejacket.

(Industry & Commerce • Roads & Vehicles • Settlements & Settlers • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Old Depot Museum

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Kansas, Franklin County, Ottawa

The Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston was the first railroad built south of the transcontinental Union Pacific which passed through Lawrence. Building the 30 miles of track to Ottawa in 1867-8 was difficult. Veterans of the UP construction, including Chinese laborers, struggled with terrible weather during the fall of 1867.

The LL&G went into receivership in 1873. The Kansas City, Lawrence and Southern Kansas Railroad emerged from LL&G's failure. The new rail line operated throughout the 1880s and built the Ottawa depot in 1888. By that time, the Kansas City, Lawrence and Southern Kansas was leasing much of its line to the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad. By 1895, the Santa Fe Railroad purchased the line, and in 1962, donated the depot building to the Franklin County Historical Society for use as a museum.

In 1995, the AT&SF merged with the Burlington Northern to become the Burlington Northern Santa Fe.

[Photo captions read]
The LL&G Railroad locomotive "Ottawa" is ready to carry rails and ties across a temporary bridge over the Kansas River in Lawrence. Image taken by Alexander Gardner, a famous Civil War photographer.

A free pass for the Honorable D.M. Valentine, Associate Justice of Kansas Supreme Court, highlights the LL&G's reputation for corruption - it was nicknamed the "Lazy, Lousy and Greasy." Ottawa town father Isaac Kalloch, a one time president of the LL&G, used his influence to locate the railroad "shops" in Ottawa.

George P. Washburn, architect of the Ottawa depot and fifteen county courthouses. He began his career by supervising the construction of Union depots in Kansas City, Atchison, Denver and Peoria, Illinois.

Sam Campbell, first AT&SF agent at the Ottawa depot.

From the LL&G through the SK and the AF&SF, railroad shops were located in Ottawa, just northwest of the depot. Railroad cars were manufactured and locomotives were serviced with a roundhouse and turntable.

(Communications • Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Pickrell Building

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Kansas, Franklin County, Ottawa

Built by William T. Pickrell, this building was originally used to sell agricultural implements. Other early businesses at this address included a millinery, barber shop, photography studio, billiard hall, restaurant, confectionary, jeweler and tobacco store. Attorney, real estate, insurance, abstract and title offices were also in this building. The Bijou was the first movie theater in 1905. It later became the Crystal Theatre which partially burned in 1917 and was closed in 1929. In 1937 the building was remodeled in an art deco style as the Plaza Theatre and in 2006 it was renovated as the Crystal Plaza Theatre.

A contributing building to the Historic Ottawa Central Business District placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lecompton, Capital of Kansas Territory

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Kansas, Douglas County, near Kanwaka

In 1855 the new town of Lecompton was named the capital of Kansas Territory. President James Buchanan appointed a governor and officials to establish government offices in Lecompton, and construction began on an elegant capitol building. In the fall of 1857 a convention met in Constitution Hall and drafted the famous Lecompton Constitution, which would have admitted Kansas as a slave state. The constitution was rejected after intense national debate and was one of the prime topics of the Lincoln-Douglas debates. The controversy contributed to the growing dispute soon to erupt in civil war. The Lecompton Constitution failed, in part, because the antislavery party won control of the territorial legislature in the election of 1857. The new legislature met in Constitution Hall, now a National Historic Landmark, and immediately began to abolish the proslavery laws. The victorious free-state leaders chose Topeka as capital when Kansas became a state in 1861.

(Politics • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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