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The Brewmaster's Castle

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District of Columbia, Washington
A Washington, D.C. Landmark on the National Register of Historic Places
Built by Christian Heurich (1842-1945), the world's oldest brewer, patriarch of the Washington business community, philanthropist, German immigrant, and American citizen
America's most intact late-Victorian house museum, the first fireproof residence in the nation's capital, and the "smart house" of the late-19th Century
Donated in 1955 by Heurich's widow to the Historical Society of Washington, D.C., and served as the Society's first headquarters
Purchased in 2003 by the Heurich House Foundation to ensure its protection in perpetuity
www.brewmasterscastle.com

(Industry & Commerce • Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Niles - A Transportation Center

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Michigan, Berrien County, Niles

The St. Joseph River and the Sauk Trail (now U.S. 12) were major transportation routes for Indians, French voyagers, missionaries, military and early settlers through Niles. Nile's first railroad, the Michigan Central Railroad arrived October 1, 1848. Community leaders recognized immediately that Niles was fortunate to have one railroad but to prosper it was imperative to have a second competing railroad to lower passenger and freight fares. Niles representatives promoted the project for the second railroad. In 1871 after pledging bonds in the amount of $100,000 Niles had a second railroad, the Airline Railroad which ran from South Bend, through Niles's depot at Barron lake and on to Jackson, Michigan. Competition was not to be! The Airline was immediately leased to the Michigan Central Railroad. Individuals continued to promote a competing railroad. MANY HAD WORKED SO HARD FOR THIS JOYOUS DAY - FINALLY JUNE 29, 1882 THE ARRIVAL OF WHAT BECAME KNOWN AS THE BIG 4 RAILROAD ENDED A THIRTY-FOUR YEAR EFFORT FOR A COMPETING RAILROAD; THE FINAL PIECE OF THE "RAIL HUB". The flag draped train, whose route was northwest from Elkhart, Indiana into Niles, was greeted with a tremendous celebration. Citizens of Elkhart were aboard, coming to Niles where the train "parked" at the foot of Main Street Bridge. Festivities included a band, cannon firing, speeches, and dinner for several hundred.

THE "BIG 4" NORTH-SOUTH RAIL SERVICE AND THE MICHIGAN CENTRAL EAST-WEST RAIL SERVICE EXPLODED THE AGRICULTURAL, COMMERCIAL & INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF NILES. One such business was Hunter Ice that harvested ice from Barron Lake. Hunter Ice was stated to be pristine and was used exclusively on the MCRR and the Big 4. Before refrigerated rail cars farmers drove wagons over mud or plank roads to bring their fruits and produce to Niles's Michigan Central Railroad where Hunter Ice cooled the cars. Hunter Ice was replaced by the Federal Ice Company who manufactured synthetic ice whose plant was part of the MCRR Classification Yard. The Big 4 was extended to Benton Harbor in November, 1882, its northern most point enabling both manufacturers and farmers to load rail cars almost on site of their plants and farms. Cars could be pre-iced to further protect delicate seasonal crops. In 1905 Berrien County shipped a million bushels of peaches which included 266,400 bushels shipped by the Big 4! The quarter of a million bushels of peaches were brought to Niles's Big 4 yard to be shipped to markets south, east and west. The Big 4 hauled over 100 cars of seasonal fruit daily through Niles into the 1920s. As a result of Niles's transportation facilities, industry flourished with the arrival of companies like Kawneer, National Print & Engraving, Simplicity, Garden City Fan, Tyler Refrigeration, National Standard and others whose products brought Niles into national and international prominence.

(Photo Caption)

EVERY STEP TAKEN IN NILES RIVERFRONT PARK WAS ONCE THE PATH OF A "STEAMING LOCOMOTIVE"
2005 "birds-eye" view of Riverfront Park, where Niles's railroad hub was once centered. Niles's railroad complex where there was only 2,800 feet between the three train depots. The red dashed line shows the original route of the Big 4 and the Skate park is now where the Big 4 Depot was located. The blue dashed line shows the original route of the Interurban. Riverfront Park converted over two miles of what was the "old" Big 4 railroad tracks along the river.

(Agriculture • Industry & Commerce • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ebenezer House

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New York, Erie County, West Seneca
Built circa 1850 by The Community of True Inspiration, a German speaking religious sect. Became museum in 1956.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Niles Veterans Memorial

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Michigan, Berrien County, Niles

(South Face of Memorial)
You a veteran of this
Old town or pilgrim
From far away looking
For some tranquility...
Here you may become
Silent in honor of those
Who have served...
No one is a stranger at
This revered place where
Your God as a loving
Father is waiting only
for you...

(North Face of Memorial)
Guardians of peace...
Heroes of war...
You are the strength
Of America...
You are the few who
Defended the many...
The selfless who keep
Us free...
You are the vets,
The best...
We shall always be
Thankful...

From a grateful
Community...

(On Ground Southeast of Memorial)
This memorial was erected by donations of monies, materials, and services from individuals and businesses throughout the community, in honor of all veterans past and present who served their country during times of war and peace, to preserve our rights and freedoms.

Dedicated November 7, 2004

(Military) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Molly Maguire Executions

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Pennsylvania, Schuylkill County, Pottsville
On June 21, 1877, six "Molly Maguires," an alleged secret society of Irish mine-workers, were hanged here. Pinkerton detective James McParlan’s testimony led to convictions for violent crimes against the coal industry, yet the facts of the labor, class, and ethnic conflicts, even the existence of the organization, remain contested. Four others were hanged on this day at the county jail in Mauch Chunk; ten more were executed in Pa. through 1879.

(Fraternal or Sororal Organizations • Industry & Commerce • Labor Unions) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Korean War Memorial

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Wisconsin, Kenosha County, Kenosha


"The Forgotten War"

This memorial is dedicated to all U.S. military veterans that served in the fight for freedom against the Communist forces on the Korean Peninsula.

"You Are Not Forgotten"

(Patriots & Patriotism • War, Korean) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Speech

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Austria, Tyrol, Innsbruck
Anrede, die Andrä Hofer am 15. August 1809 vom Gasthof z.goldenen Adler in Innsbruck an eine grosse Menge Landesverteidiger u.viele Stadtbewohner nachstehenden Inhalts gehalten hat:
“Grüass enk Gott meine liab’n Schbrucker, weil ös mi zum Oberkomandanten gwöllt hobt,so bini i holt do, es seyn ober a viell andere do, die koani Schbrucker sein. Alle do; dö unter meinen Waffenbrüder seyn wöll’n, dö müasst’n für Gott, Kaiser u. Voterland, als tapfere, rödle und brave Tiroler streiten, dö meine Waffenbrüder wern wöll’n; dö ober dös nit tüan wöll’n dö söll’n hoam gien, i roth enks, u. dö mit mir gien, dö söll’n mi nit verlass’n i wer enck a nit verlass’n so wahr i hoass Andere Hofer, gsogt hob i enck’s g’sech’n hob’s mi, bsied enk Gott.”

German (and Tyrolese)-English translation:

On August 15, 1809, Andreas Hofer gave this speech from the Golden Eagle Inn to a crowd of townspeople and troops gathered below:

"God bless you, dear people of Innsbruck! As you wanted me to become your commander-in-chief, I am now here among you. But there also are many other Tyrolese who are not inhabitants of Innsbruck (here with us). All those who wish to be my comrades must fight as brave and honest Tyrolese for God, the Emperor, and our Fatherland. Those who are unwilling to do so must go back to their homes. Those who wish to become my comrades shall never desert me. Nor shall I desert you either, as sure as my name is Andreas Hofer! You have seen me now, and heard what I have to say to you; therefore farewell and God bless!"

(Heroes) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Woodmore Hotel

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Tennessee, Macon County, Lafayette
These large limestone slabs were the steps to the Woodmore Hotel, located on the west site of the square. Moses and Bettie Woodmore owned and operated the hotel in the late 1800’s. It was later operated by their daughter and by their granddaughter until it closed in 1937.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Roaring River School

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Missouri, Barry County, near Hilltop
This valleys bountiful resources, particularly its abundant water, attracted settlers beginning in the 1820s. The constant rapid flowing of spring-fed Roaring River appealed to millwrights, who saw the opportunities such a reliable source of power offered.

In a brief span of time, the water resources and resulting milling industry in the Roaring River Valley attracted sufficient people to create the need for a school. Local tradition suggests a log school dated to the mid 1800s, but no evidence has been found. A contract dated September 16, 1872, states, "Ella Cravens, a legally qualified school teacher, was hired for a four month term for the sum of thirty dollars per month." This is the earliest known written records of educational activity in the valley.

As in most rural areas at the turn of the century, students walked or rode horseback to one room schools. Reading, writing, orthography (spelling), grammar, arithmetic, geography, history, physiology, and civil government were the usual subjects, depending upon age and readiness of the student. The school library, a bookcase, at one time contained 100 titles, many now known as classics. Multiple grades for students between five and 18 years of age, all in a single room, required teachers to divide their attention. As one class recited, others reviewed their lessons or read silently. Pranks during classtime usually meant time standing in the corner or, if warranted, a dose of the hickory switch!

According to a local resident whose school days dated from the early 20th Century, teachers sometimes participated in games their students played during recess. Ante over, Stinkbase, and Drop-the-Handkerchief were popular. According to a local resident, "It was a privilege to be assigned as a water carrier. Two students went together to a neighbor's spring and filled the tin bucket with fresh drinking water. Everyone drank from the same dipper." These implements were later replaced with a stoneware water cooler and tin cups.

In the Roaring River Valley School eight grades existed until about 1927 when a state funded high school was included in the one room building. Edith Carter Ball recalled, "A partition was placed down the center of the room to separate the high school from the elementary." The two year high school continued until about 1932.

After the Depression and World War II, one room schools were phased out as districts were consolidated. School District Number 85 was consolidated with the Eagle Rock district by 1952, and Roaring River School was closed for all time. Modern education has graduated from one room schoolhouses. Roaring River School District 85 has been part of that progression.

Photo Description 1: The class of 1908.

Photo Description 2: The class of 1910.
This school building in "Pilburn Hollow" was first occupied in 1880. It stood across the road from the present school house. The dimensions of this school were 16 x 18 feet with two windows. In 1893 an addition was built and two more windows were added. The last class to use this schoolhouse was that of 1912-1913.
There were no dress codes for country school children; however, these children dressed in their best on photo day. Shoes were saved for winter wear. "People couldn't afford shoes back then," said Virgil Carter; former student. "There were a lot of big families."

Photo Description 3: Roaring River School, District 85, Barry County, Missouri, built in 1912-1913. The first class to use this building was that of 1913-1914.

Photo Description 4: The class of 1918-1919.

(Education) Includes location, directions, GPS coordinates, map.

Epperson Springs

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Tennessee, Macon County, Westmoreland
The Epperson Springs Hotel, built by local businessmen so that residents and visitors could enjoy bathing and soaking in a mineral springs, stood here. Most of the state’s early resorts grew up around mineral springs; physicians often touted the value of “taking the waters,” or hydrotherapy, to their patients. The springs resorts were as well known for their social life as for their alleged cures.

Because of its prominent location near the Kentucky line, the resort became an enlistment center and a Confederate training camp in the autumn of 1861. It was known as Camp Jim Davis after the proprietor of the hotel. Companies B, C, D, and E, 7th Cavalry Battalion (later designated 22nd Barteau's Tennessee Cavalry Regiment), and Company E, 9th Tennessee Cavalry)were organized

Federal forces controlled the area by the middle of the war but faced constant harassment from both regular and irregular Confederate units. Early in May 1863, for example, a detachment of the 11th Kentucky Infantry (US) passed Epperson Springs as it pursued what commanders called a Confederate gang. Col. S. Pallance Love reported: "That whole country is infested with the thieving party. They have nearly devastated that country, and stolen nearly all the good horses from the citizens."

Union units likely formed here were Companies E and F, 1st Tennessee Mounted Infantry, and Companies A and D, 8th Tennessee Infantry, all of which included Macon County men.

The Epperson Springs Hotel burned to the ground in 1926.

(captions)
Epperson Springs - Courtesy Randy East, Macon County Historian
Guerrillas stealing horses, Harper's Weekly, Dec. 24, 1864
Idyllic postwar view of a Confederate camp Courtesy of Library of Congress

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Zollicoffer's Headquarters

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Tennessee, Sumner County, Portland
One-half mile southeast of here, near Maple Hill Cemetery, stood the home of Thomas Buntin, founder of Richland Station and a Confederated sympathizer. In the spring of 1861, the Buntin residence was headquarters of Brigadier General Felix K. Zollicoffer, commander of nearby Camp Trousdale, a Confederate training camp. On July 26, 1861, General Zollicoffer was ordered to East Tennessee to command that department.
Continued


(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Father Claude Jean Allouez S. J.

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Michigan, Berrien County, Niles

To the memory of
Father Claude Jean Allouez S. J.
Whose intrepid courage won the admiration of the Indians and whose apostolic zeal earned for him the title of the Francis Xavier of the American Missions. Father Allouez was born at St. Didier, France, 1622 and died near this spot August 27th 1689.
Erected by the Woman's Progressive League of Niles, Michigan
1918.

(Churches, Etc. • Colonial Era • Exploration) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Arizona Confederate Veterans Memorial

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Arizona, Cochise County, Sierra Vista
In Memoriam
Arizona's
Confederate Veterans
Who sacrificed all in the struggle
for independence &
the constitutional right
of self-government

Confederate Secret Service Camp 1710
Sons of Confederate Veterans

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Innsbruck's First School

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Austria, Tyrol, Innsbruck
Dieses von innen her an die mittelalterliche Stadtmauer gebaute Wohnhaus diente vermutlich schon im 14. Jh., nachweisbar aber von 1469 bis 1768 als Innsbrucks erstes Schulhaus. Der Durchgang wurde um 1672 als Zugang zum ersten Innsbrucker Universitätsgebäude (Herrengasse 1-3) angelegt. Seit 1939 fungiert die alt Schule als Wohnsitz des Innsbrucker Bischofs.
German-English translation:

This residence was built up against the medieval city walls and probably dates from the 14th Century; from 1469 to 1768, however, its documented use was as Innsbruck's first schoolhouse. The passageway was built about 1672, giving access to the first Innsbruck University building (Herrengasse 1-3). Since 1939, the old school has served as the residence of the Bishop of Innsbruck.

(Education) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Pottsville Maroons

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Pennsylvania, Schuylkill County, Pottsville
The legendary team played as a member of the National Football League here, 1925-28. In 1925 the Maroons compiled a record widely viewed as the league's best. They climaxed their season by defeating Notre Dame in a well publicized pro vs. college match in Philadelphia-but then were denied the NFL championship in a controversial league decision. Despite strong regional support, their franchise moved to Boston in 1929.

(Sports) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Dedicated to All Men and Women

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Maryland, Baltimore County, Sparrows Point
Dedicated to all men and women who made the ultimate sacrifice for our country during all wars and conflicts.

(Military) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Time of Horror

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Maryland, Prince George's County, Greenbelt
Sounds of battle could be heard here from Bladensburg, six miles away, on August 24, 1814. Victorious British troops then moved into Washington, D.C. The sky was already aglow above the city; Americans has torched the Washington Navy Yard to keep it from enemy hands. As the British burned the U.S. Capitol and other public buildings that night, the glow could be seen for miles - striking fear and indignation throughout the region.

Expecting Baltimore to be the next target, bedraggled American troops made their way north. Instead of pursuing, the British returned to their ships at Benedict. By the time they attacked Baltimore three weeks later, the Americans were ready.

Places to explore the War of 1812 in the Baltimore-Washington area:

Riversdale House Museum - Home of witness to Battle of Bladensburg; house museum; annual 1812 reenactment event.

Oxon Cove Park - 1812-era home; part of National Park Service living-history farm.

Bladensburg Waterfront Park - Start at visitor center for tour of battlefield sites.

Baltimore - Visitor center in Inner Harbor; information on Fort McHenry and other War of 1812 sites.

Washington, D.C. - U.S. Capitol, White House, National Museum of American History, National Museum of the U.S. Navy.

[Side 2]

O! say can you see..."

The Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail traces the War of 1812 in the Chesapeake. Along the trail you'll encounter tangible evidence of the war and stories that bring the people and events to life. Discover the far-reaching impacts of the war on this county and the world.

[Side 3]

War in the Chesapeake

During the War of 1812 the young United States was embroiled in conflict with Great Britain. From 1812 to 1815 Americans fought to protect their rights and economic independence. They faced superior enemy forces on the homefront and the high seas.

The stategically important Chesapeake Bay region felt the brunt of the war, choked by shipping blockades and ravaged by enemy raids. The events in this region were crucial to the outcome of the war.

Though there was no clear victor at the end of the war, the United States protected its democracy and emerged with heightened stature on the world stage.

(War of 1812) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Veterans Memorial Fountain

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Wisconsin, Kenosha County, Kenosha


Kenoshans have fought and died in seven wars, leaving a legacy of courage and devotion, and a selfless contribution to our survival as a free nation.

This boulder is from a World War Two battle area near the city of Naha, Okinawa. The sand is from the Omaha and Utah Beaches of Normandy, France. Stone and sand symbolize the worldwide battlegrounds of all wars where Americans have died.

Erected by the People of Greater Kenosha, with guidance from the "Veterans Council of Kenosha County Memorial Committee Inc." Dedicated the 7th day of November, in the Year of the American Revolution Bicentennial, 1976.

(Man-Made Features • Patriots & Patriotism • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Operations Desert Shield / Storm Memorial

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Wisconsin, Kenosha County, Kenosha

In tribute to those who served in
Operations
Desert Shield / Storm

Dedicated by
D. I. M. E. S.
Duties in the Middle East Support
Coat of Arms Post 2751
Veterans of Foreign Wars,
and
the Citizens of Kenosha County
July 4, 1992

In memory of
Sgt. William Strehlow

(Fraternal or Sororal Organizations • Patriots & Patriotism • War, 1st Iraq & Desert Storm) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Greenbelt: A Bold Experiment

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Maryland, Prince George's County, Greenbelt
The City of Greenbelt was conceived, built, and for a long time owned by the Federal government. Greenbelt was one of three “green cities” built during the Great Depression. The theory of “green cities” was revolutionary: each would be a carefully planned mix of low-cost housing, farms, and public open space. In Greenbelt, the first residents were carefully screened for “character,” and everyone submitted to strict community rules.

Greenbelt won widespread praise for its design and occasional criticism for its social trappings. The government continued to operate Greenbelt until 1952, when a cooperative of residents purchased the government homes. Today, the old town is surrounded by modern development, but the heart of the city still stands.

[text with top image] The construction of Greenbelt employed people of many skills, including artists. Several of the public buildings in town feature friezes or bas relief works like this one at the Greenbelt Community Center – most of them reflecting the social values planners hoped to promote through the Greenbelt project.

[text with lower left image] President Roosevelt visits Greenbelt in 1936. For Roosevelt, the construction of Greenbelt had immediate and practical benefits. The work employed more than 13,000 men and women during the Great Depression.

[text with lower middle image] Planners avoided traditional city blocks; the final design required just six miles of streets. The land that is now Greenbelt Park was to have been developed as housing, but the project lost momentum, and in 1950 the land was dedicated as a park.

[text with lower right image] The city’s art deco style (right) made it both distinctive and famous. Strict rules sought to improve the appearance of the city; one called for all laundry to be removed from clotheslines by 4 o’clock each day.

(Charity & Public Work • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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