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The Presbytery of Baltimore

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Maryland, Baltimore County, Edgemere
The Presbytery of Baltimore here commemorates the first regular services of the Presbyterian Church within its bounds. These were held by the Rev. Hugh Conn in the neighboring house of Thomas Todd in March 1714-15.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Home of William Dunn

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Tennessee, Macon County, Lafayette
On Feb. 7, 1842, the Justices of Smith and Sumner Counties met at the home of William Dunn, located in this vicinity, for the purpose of forming a new county. Along with Dunn were Taylor Gillam, John Clairborne, James Patterson, L.D. Hargas, Thomas Dotson, Patric Ferguson, and Edward Bradley.

Elections were held in March 1842 to elect officials for the new county named after Nathaniel Macon.

Macon County has always been and still is one of the most progressive counties in the Upper Cumberland region.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

General Braxton Bragg

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Georgia, Catoosa County, Fort Oglethorpe
Headquarters

Army of Tennessee.

General Braxton Bragg.

September 20, 1863.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Magnolia Hotel

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Mississippi, Harrison County, Biloxi
Built by John Hohn in 1847. Its operation for a century attests to the Gulf Coast as a resort area. In 1972 structure moved to present location 100 yds. north of original site & restored by City of Biloxi.

(Landmarks) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Gulf Coast Military Academy

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Mississippi, Harrison County, Gulfport
This preparatory school for boys was founded in 1912. The senior division campus, closed in 1951, is now the site of the Armed Forces Retirement Home-Gulfport, formerly known as the United States Naval Home. The junior division campus, closed in 1976, was one quarter mile to the east. "Send us the boy and we will return the man."

(Education) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

William Bartram Trail

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Mississippi, Harrison County, Biloxi
William Bartram, noted naturalist and journalist, traveled down the Mississippi and along the Gulf Coast in 1777. His observations of plant life, geography and inhabitants were published in 1791.

(Exploration) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Robinson-Maloney-Dantzler House

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Mississippi, Harrison County, Biloxi
Originally a raised-cottage Greek Revival mansion similar to Beauvoir, the house located here was built ca. 1849 by J.G. Robinson, a wealthy English cotton planter. It was the center of an estate that included a ten-pin bowling alley, billiard hall, bath house, thoroughbred stables, kennels, gardens and a wharf for docking two prized yachts. About 1908 the Maloney family enlarged the house with a second story addition and two-tiered wrap-around porches in the Neo-Classical style. Destroyed by Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

(Disasters) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Kellier-Sternberg House

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Mississippi, Harrison County, Gulfport
The Iconic-columned, neoclassical house that once stood here was originally built ca. 1900 by T.G.B. Kellier and was later owned by Edward Sternberg, southeastern claims and litigation manager for the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. In 1999, the "Chimneys" restaurant moved into the house from its former location at the Long Beach harbor. The house was destroyed by Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

(Disasters) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Tivoli Hotel

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Mississippi, Harrison County, Biloxi
A six-story, blonde-brick structure with an arcaded gallery that wrapped its first story, the Italian Renaissance Revival-style Tivoli Hotel was one of Biloxi's early 20th century resorts, built in 1926-27 to designs by local architect Carl E. Matthes. The hotel was expanded in the 1950s and renamed the Tradewinds. The Tivoli was heavily damaged in 2005 when rammed by a block-long casino barge propelled by Hurricane Katrina's storm surge. It was later demolished.

(Disasters) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Bristoe Station

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Virginia, Prince William County, Bristow
In this vicinity stood the home of Thomas K. Davis and his family. Davis purchased 136 acres in 1858 and by 1861 had built a substantial home, barn and outbuildings here. Davis also operated a store in the village of Bristoe Station at the northwest corner of the railroad crossing. Before the war, he had served as Prince William County sheriff and was a well respected member of the community. The war changed that. Davis supported the Union, while most of his neighbors were strong secessionists.

In 1861, Confederates established Camp Jones in the area. When the Confederates pulled out of the area in the spring of 1862, soldiers destroyed Davis’s store. Later that spring, Federal troops under Brig. Gen. Rufus King tore down his fencing and cut some of his timber for use in their camps. In August 1862, battle raged on his farm. The Davis house was used as a hospital and as a headquarters by the Federals. The Davis family remained here until 1863 when threats of Confederate imprisonment forced the family to flee to Washington. Consequently they were not present at the Battle of Bristoe Station on October 14, 1863.

That battle and a subsequent encampment by Maj. Gen. Samuel Crawford’s Union division in the winter of 1863-64 destroyed not only what was left of the farm but also acres of surrounding timber.

From the breaking out of the war until 1863 I was farming and merchandising at Bristow Station where the Rebels burned me out twice on account of my political sentiments. I was a Union man straight out from the beginning to the present day. I farmed until 1862 when the Rebels stopped me… Thomas K. Davis, 1871

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Springs

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Alabama, Baldwin County, Magnolia Springs

Old tales have it that early explorers and even pirate vessels obtained potable water from springs scattered throughout the community of Magnolia Springs. This park is located at the largest of dozens of springs in the area.

In 1865 The Springs played a part in history by refreshing and restoring battle worn Federal troops traveling from the fallen Fort Morgan to Spanish Fort and Old Blakeley.

While building a log and timber bridge over Magnolia River, many of the Yankee soldiers camped on land surrounding the Breed Plantation Home, a colonial home on property bordering this park.

In gratitude to the Baldwin County Commission for "The Springs" Restoration Project working in conjunction with the Town of Magnolia Springs and Magnolia Springs Garden Club Project received the "2009 Gulf Guardian Award" Sponsored by Gulf of Mexico Program.

(Environment • Exploration • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Half Moon

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Texas, Lavaca County, Shiner
The community of Half Moon was first mentioned in a 1689 account from Gov. Alonso De Leon's expedition when the group encountered a Native American tribe that called Half Moon their home. The area was known as Half Moon due to the peculiar shape of the timber in the area. This location on Rocky Creek was a natural gathering place for Native Americans and travelers. Since the 1830s, settlers have flocked to the area to engage in trade and farming. One of the early settlers was German immigrant George Herder who participated in the Texas war for Independence and built a home in the area. During the height of the town, from 1885 to 1887, the community consisted of mercantile businesses, a saloon, a post office, and a number of other buildings, including a structure for the Woodmen of the World organization.

In 1887, Henry B. Shiner donated land for a railroad and the building of a town, which later became known as Shiner. For a short while, the area was known as New Half Moon. Once the Aransas Pass Railroad switch was constructed on Shiner's land, transportation bypassed Half Moon and the town's activity and population slowly decreased. Half Moon continued to play a significant role in the economic, political and social life of the people in the area with a number of events such as a rabbit hunt and a 4th of July celebration. The Half Moon community served as a focal point for bringing people together through trade and served as the foundation for the population of Shiner. Half Moon is an example of the influence of small communities that led to the development of larger cities. 175 Years of Texas Independence • 1836-2011
Marker is property of the State of Texas


(Native Americans • Railroads & Streetcars • Settlements & Settlers • War, Texas Independence) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Herder Half Moon Place

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Texas, Lavaca County, Shiner
This Greek revival home (200 yds. N) was built in the 1880s by George Herder (1818-1887), veteran of the Texas Revolution and pioneer farmer and rancher in the Half Moon community. A son, William (d. 1940), later ran a butcher shop and farmed the land, opening the house to travelers in need of a place to rest. Owned by members of the Herder family for over 100 years, the house and outbuildings are the only remaining evidence of the Half Moon community. Recorded Texas Historic Landmark - 1982

(Settlements & Settlers • War, Texas Independence) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ambush at Meadowville

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Tennessee, Macon County, Lafayette
During the Civil War, Macon County experienced internal strife as did many other areas of Tennessee. In the spring of 1863, a Confederate partisan band established itself in this part of the county, where it harassed Federal units and threatened local Unionists.

This rural hamlet experienced a serious firefight between Union cavalry and infantry and the Confederate irregulars on May 2, 1863. Confederate guerillas hidden in the brush of Goose Creek ambushed Union Cos. D and E, 11th Kentucky Infantry, and Co. I, 8th Kentucky Cavalry. The Confederate bullets found only one victim—a Federal cavalryman’s horse—while the Union troopers killed one guerrilla, captured another, and took five Confederate horses.

The guerillas fled toward the town of Hartsville, with the Federal forces in pursuit. The fight continued for about ten miles. Two more Confederates were killed, and ten captured. The Union soldiers suffered no casualties although they lost eight horses, two having been shot out from under them and six that perished due to "exhaustion and sore feet."

Col. S. Pallance Love, commander of the 11 Kentucky Infantry, thought little of his adversaries, considering them little more than "citizens banded together for plunder and robbery." On May 6 he reported: "That whole country is infested with the thieving party. They have nearly devastated that country, an stolen nearly all the good horses from the citizens."

(captions)
Guerrillas stealing horses, Harper's Weekly, Dec. 24, 1864
Confederate guerrilla Courtesy Library of Congress
Confederate guerrilla attack on Union wagon train, Harper's Weekly, Sept 5, 1863

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Vicinity of Salt Works and Camp Anderson

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Alabama, Baldwin County, Bon Secour

Both people and animals need salt to remain healthy. Before the Civil War the people of Alabama consumed about 50 pounds of salt per person per year, most of which came from England and the West Indies. One quarter of all the salt imported into the United States came into the country through the Port of New Orleans.

During the war, though salt was smuggled into Mobile by blockade runners from Havana, the blockade and transportation problems constricted the supply of salt throughout much of the South. The result was a serious shortage which amounted to a salt famine by 1862.

As in the rest of the South, this shortage inspired the growth of a salt industry along the Gulf Coast. A salt works developed near the mouth of the Bon Secour River. These works, which covered a square mile on both sides of the river, had 55 furnaces, containing a total of 990 pots. The works produced 1,980 bushels of salt a day or - assuming a six day work week, the standard at the Clark County, Alabama, salt works - 617,760 bushels a year: Bon Secour produced salt at the rate of 30,888,000 pounds per year. At $.67 a pound, the price of salt in Mobile during the war, the Bon Secour salt works probably produced over $20 million worth of salt a year or at least was capable of doing so.

Wells dug in the marshes along the river were the heart of the works. These wells collected brine which, after standing a day, was boiled down in large kettles in the furnaces. Each well was twelve feet square and eight to ten feet deep. Lined with logs, the wells sloped inward toward the bottom of the well. Each furnace required five workers and other workers brought in wood to burn in the furnaces. Three hundred slaves provided the labor at Bon Secour.

Since salt was used to cure bacon and salt beef, both staples required for the provisioning of the Confederate Army, it is no exaggeration to say that salt was as important to the Confederate war effort as gunpowder. U.S. General William T. Sherman insisted that “salt is eminently contraband, because [of] its use in curing meats, without which armies cannot be subsisted.” Destruction of southern salt work and the structures associated with them became Federal policy.

On September 8, 1864, a combined army-navy raiding party led by Acting Volunteer Lieutenant George Wiggin, USN, left the Fort Morgan anchorage at 7:00 a.m. Wiggin commanded three naval gunboats, the USS Tritonia, the USS Rodolph, and the USS Stockdale and one army transport, the steamer Planter, which had two barges in tow. The transport and barges carried 250 soldiers commanded by Major Pettibone of the Twentieth Wisconsin Volunteers. Wiggin’s objective was, as Admiral David Farragut expressed it, “the destruction of [the] extensive salt works on Bon Secour Bay.”

Wiggin anchored off Salt House Point, one mile above Bon Secour Bar at 10:30 a.m. The raiders then went ashore and attacked the salt works. Over the next two days, they broke 55 furnaces and 990 pots, cut the pumps, tore up the brick work, and dismantled 20 buildings. Two of the works, estimated to have cost $60,000 and $50,000 respectively, were so well built they had to be blown up. The raiders also destroyed Camp Anderson, a permanent Confederate base one and a quarter mile away. The soldiers loaded about 30,000 board feet of lumber into the barges. Anything that could not be carried away was burned.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 9 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The History of Boot Lake

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Indiana, Elkhart County, near Elkhart


An Icy Beginning
Millions of years ago Elkhart was covered by glaciers. The Glaciers moved south, eroding the land collecting glacial drift.

9,000 BC
The glaciers eventually began to retreat north, leaving behind their glacial drift. Elkhart is covered in 122 feet of this drift.

9,000 BC - Kettle Lakes
Some parts of the glacier took longer to retreat, settling into clay and forming lakes known as kettle lakes. These lakes have no inlets and are only fed by rainwater. This is how Boot Lake was formed.

1955
After thousands of years, Boot Lake was described by the Indiana Department of Conservation as covering 80 acres and having an average of depth of 4 ft. It had a mud bottom and contained fish. Buffalo, elk, deer, black bear and other animals were said to be found in the areas many wetlands and prairies.

1960
The City of Elkhart purchased the Boot Lake area and began to use two lagoons on the property to disposed of a by-product of the waste-water treatment process, known as sludge.

1970 - 1991
Boot Lake was used as a sludge farm during the 70's and 80's.

1985
The wetlands of Boot Lake were registered as an Indiana Natural Area with The Natural Conservancy and IDNR.

1991
The City realized the need for an environmentally friendly alternative for solid waste disposal and began processing sludge into biosolids that can be used as fertilizer.

1991 - 1994
Over the next 3 years, over 88,000 cubic yards of sludge was removed from Boot Lake.

1994
Elkhart EnviroCorps, an AmeriCorps National Service Organization, was formed to help restore Boot Lake. They removed 40 tons of trash and created 2 miles of hiking trails.

1995
In June of 1995, 20 acres tall grass prairie was planted. In July, Boot lake was officially opened as a nature preserve.

1996
A picnic pavilion shelter was donated by the Associated Builders and Contractors. Elkhart EnviroCorps constructed a compost toilet as a natural means to dispose of human waste.

2003
Boot Lake was named a State Dedicated Nature Preserve.

2008
Elkhart EnviroCorps maintained Boot Lake until 2008 when the program was discontinued.

Today
Boot Lake is 226 acres and has over 3 miles of hiking trails, 60 acres of tall grass prairie, 20 acres of oak savannah and 146 acres of wetlands and woodland areas. It is currently maintained by the City of Elkhart, Elkhart Environmental Division and dedicated volunteers.

(Environment) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

A Family Tragedy

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Tennessee, Macon County, Lafayette
Thousands of Tennessee families were caught in the crossfire of the Civil War. Dempsey Parker’s family, which lived in the Hillsdale community here in Macon County, is one of many examples of a family sharply divided between North and South.

Parker, a respected elder, had served his country in the War of 1812 and was an ardent Unionist. His son Isaac Newton Parker, however, served in Confederate Lt. Col. James D. Bennett’s 7th Tennessee Cavalry. Son Daniel Webster Parker joined Co. H, 5th Kentucky Cavalry (US). Another son, Alfred B. Parker, who did not enlist, was killed in March 1863 by unknown guerrillas.

Dempsey Parker's fourth son, Elvis Brooks Parker, enlisted in the 7th Tennessee Cavalry in October 1861. He went home after 90 days, believing his enlistment had expired, and then joined the Federal 5th Kentucky Cavalry. In August 1862, Confederate Gen. John Hunt Morgan's troops captured Elvis Parker near Gallatin, and a subsequent court martial found him guilty of desertion and of "fighting in the Federal ranks against his own countrymen." Dempsey Parker proclaimed that he would not denounce his devotion to the Union, even if that pledge cost his son his life, and he challenged Morgan to shoot him if the general did not like those sentiments. On August 23, a firing squad executed Elvis Brooks Parker at Morgan's camp at Mills Woods near Hartsville. Elvis Parker's brother Daniel Webster Parker continued to serve in the 5th Kentucky Cavalry (US) for the rest of the war. He died in Trousdale Co. in 1909.

"The whole command will appear on Dress parade in camp at 4:00 p.m. 2d. The prisoner Elvis B. Parker, private I the 5th Ky Reg't, U.S.A and a deserter from Capt. Bennett's Battalion of Cavalry, having been tired by a Court-Martial, and FOUND GUILTY of desertion, and, has been condemned to death, and sentenced to be executed at 4 o'clock this day within our camp." The (Hartsville) Vidette, Aug. 23, 1862

(captions)
Firing squad about to execute a soldier for desertion, with units assembled to witness the event, Harper's Weekly, Dec. 28, 1861
Gen. John Hunt Morgan Courtesy of Library of Congress

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Donavon F. Smith Veterans Memorial Park Monument

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Michigan, Berrien County, Niles


Dedicated to all veterans by the people of the greater Niles area

"Our country is free only because it is the Home of the Brave"

(Military) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Donavon F. Smith

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Michigan, Berrien County, Niles

This Veterans Memorial Park is named in honor of Donavon F. Smith, Lt. General, USAF. General Smith graduated from Niles High School in 1940. After flight training, he was assigned to the 56th Fighter Group in England where he flew 123 combat missions in a P-47 "Thunderbolt" aircraft. General Smith became a fighter Ace when he show down his 5th enemy aircraft, three of these occurring in a single mission over Germany, 11 December 1943. His military career spanned 32 years with combat in World War II and as chief advisor to the Republic of Vietnam Air Force in the Vietnamese conflict.

His body now rests in the United States Air Force Academy in the foothills of the Rockies.

(Metal Tablet)
General Smith served in a variety of vital Air Force assignments that included tours with Headquarters U.S. Air Force; Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe; Strategic Air Command; and the Air Defense Command. He also served as commander of the Alaskan Air Command and the Sixth Allied Tactical Air Force, Turkey. His military decorations and awards included the Distinguished Service Cross, the Distinguished Service Medal with One Oak Leaf Cluster, Legion of Merit, Distinguished Flying Cross with Three Oak Leaf Clusters, Air Medal with Eight Oak Leaf Clusters, Air Force Commendation Medal and Distinguished Unit Citation Emblem with One Oak Leaf Cluster. The Republic of Vietnam awarded him with the National Order of Vietnam, Fourth Class; Air Force Distinguished Service Order, First Class; Staff Service Medal, First Class; Flight Honor Certificate with Wings; and the Chuong My Medal.

(Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Macon County Confederate Soldiers Monument

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Tennessee, Macon County, Lafayette
This monument dedicated in memory of the men who served in the Confederate States Army from Macon County, Tennessee during the war between the states 1861-1865

These units were comprised of local men serving in the Army of Tennessee

2nd TN Cavalry
7th TN Cavalry
9th TN Cavalry
8th TN Infantry, Company A
20th TN Infantry
24th TN Infantry, Company C
28th TN Infantry, Companies A & C
30th TN Infantry

“You will not brand them traitors. You who battled side by side. For Tennessee you fought and lived. For Tennessee they died.”
Major General Benjamin Franklin Cheatam
Corp. Commander, Army of Tennessee

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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