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The Defenders Of The Fort

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Connecticut, New London County, Stonington
The
Defenders Of
The Fort
Aug. 10, 1814.
Geo. Howe Fellowes.
Who Nailed the Flag to the Mast.
Amos Denison, Jr.
Jere. Haley.
Simeon Haley.
Jere. Holmes.
Seth C. Leonard.
Asa Lee.
Thos. Wilcox.
William Potter.
Hotatio G. Lewis
( north face )
In Perpetuam Memoriam
These Two Guns
Of Eighteen
Pounds Caliber
Were Heroically
Used In Repelling
The Attack On
Stonington
Of The English
Naval Vessels
Ramilles 74 Guns
Pactolus 44
Nimrod 20
And The
Bomb Ship Terror
Aug. 10, 1814

(War of 1812) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Hubs of Activity

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Maryland, Caroline County, Denton
Sailboats and steamboats unloaded and loaded passengers and freight all along the Choptank. As trade increased in the 1800s, people built wharves and landings every few miles on the river.

A wharf bustled with activity when a boat arrived. Children raced to the dock to watch the action. Stevedores moved freight. Passengers disembarked or boarded. Farmers brought their products to the dock for loading. Locals exchanged news with travelers.

The steamboat terminal at West Denton, owned by the Maryland Steamboat Company, was one of the largest on the Choptank River. A shirt factory, ferilizer warehouses, canneries and rolling mills clustered close to the terminal.

Competition for the prosperous freight trade was fierce. In the end, the railroads won out. The railroads bought out the steamboat companies, sold the boats and brought the steamboat era to an end.

[text with image bottom left] dockworkers load and unload a steamboat, circa 1916.

[text with image middle top] Potter's Landing on the Choptank River, circa 1880. The larger wharves had sheds for storing freight.

[text with image middle bottom] Farmers on a wharf waiting to ship tomatoes to markets such as Baltimore. Steamboats gave farmers ready access to markets where they could get higher prices for their products.

(Industry & Commerce • Railroads & Streetcars • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Chumash and Salinan Nations Village Site

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California, San Luis Obispo County, Paso Robles
This knoll is the site of a Native American village believed to have been occupied for over 100 generations or 3,000 years. It has been preserved to honor both the Chumash and Salinan Nations that inhabited this region before the arrival of the Spanish, Mexicans and Americans. Their descendants, who call themselves Chumash (or Stitchne) and Salinan People, consider this land to be sacred. Please observe this area with respect.

"The sacred circle has not been, and will not be broken."

(Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

"Star Square"

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Switzerland, Lucerne (Canton), Lucerne (District), Lucerne
Der Platz, auf dem fünf Gassen zusammentreffen, hiess 1259 und bis weit über das Mittelalter hinaus >. Der Name verrät eine lockere, baumbestandene Überbauung, die sich seit dem Mittelalter zunehmend verdichtete.
Die seit dem 17. Jahrhundert erwähnte Bezeichnung Sternenplatz dürfte sich von der Platzform ableiten.
German-English translation:

From 1259 and well through the Middle Ages this square where five streets meet has been called "Beneath the Trees". The name suggests loose, tree-lined surroundings, which became increasingly congested throughout the Middle Ages.
The square's star-like shape, first described in the 17th Century, is thought to have given the Sternplatz its name.

(Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Nest of Traitors

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Maryland, Caroline County, Denton
On August 17, 1862, the steamboat Balloon arrived at Denton wharf and disembarked a company of New York infantry and a troop of cavalry. The soldiers quickly arrested twelve prominent local citizens and transported them to imprisonment at Fort McHenry in Baltimore. Had the U.S. Army broken up a nest of traitors as implied by pro-Union newspapers, or was this an example of what states-rights poet James Ryder Randell described as the "despot's heel" in rural Maryland?

Clearly, pro-South adherents were active in Caroline County in 1862. William Gadd, one of the arrested men, was a paroled Confederate soldier. Another, G.W. Goldsborough, had obtained a commission in the Confederate army. A third man, William Holt, was reported to be "hurrahing for Jeff Davis" while a prisoner in Fort McHenry. On the other hand, most of the arrests were for political reasons. The prisoners included merchants, doctors, and attorneys who were prominent leaders of the Democratic Party as well as editor Albert Gullett and the owners of the Denton Journal. The Journal had not advocated secession but had harshly critized the U.S. Army for its suppression of the press and free speech and the imprisonment of dissenters.

In its desperation to keep Maryland in the Union and prevent Washington from being isolated in the Confederacy, the Lincoln administration sometimes overstepped Constitutional boundaries. As a later historian notes, even the most rural parts of Maryland were "where freedom was denied, for the sake of preserving freedom."

[text with picture on left] Ann Maria Evitss Cherbonnier, with son Joseph, watched as her husband, Dr. Peter Ovid Cherbonnier, was arrested in 1862 and taken by steamboat to a prison cell in Fort McHenry.

[text with middle image] Above is the "Register of Prisoners" from Fort McHenry describing three of the men arrested in Caroline County. It notes that prisoner Gadd "hurrahed for Jeff Davis and cursed [Md.\ Governor Hicks," then refused to take an Oath of Allegience.

[text with image on right] If the objective of the Caroline arrests was to intimidate other residents of the Eastern Shore, it was probably successful. All Eastern Shore newspapers ran news accounts, including the Cambridge Herald, above.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Steamboats on the Choptank River

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Maryland, Caroline County, Denton
Steamboats carrying passengers and freight brought prosperity to Denton and Caroline County during the late 1800s and early 1900s.

Caroline County's economy was based on agriculture. Farmers had to market their products. Steamboats quickly and efficiently carried fresh and canned vegetables and fruit to the Chesapeake Bay and on to markets in Baltimore and elsewhere.

Farmers prospered. Canneries, granaries, a flourmill, fertilizer warehouses, a shirt factory, stores and a blacksmith shop flourished along the river in West Denton. Businessmen built banks and shops in Denton.

The steamboat era began in 1846 when the Maryland steamed upriver. It ended when the City of Denton docked here for the last time in the 1920s.

[text with background image] Early sternwheeler on the Choptank River.

[text with middle image] The Avalon, one of the largest steamboats, tied up at the Maryland Steamboat Terminal in West Denton.

[text with top right image] The steamboat Joppa, an elegant workhorse of the Choptank, heads downriver from the West Denton wharves.

[text with bottom right image] Sacks of bone meal for fertilizer and cans of oysters shipped from West Denton to other markets.

(Industry & Commerce • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Emma Monk Guild House

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Arizona, Pinal County, Florence
Emma Monk came to Arizona Territory to teach school at Fort Thomas in the 1880s. She married William Guild in 1887 and taught school in Florence off and on from 1885 to 1897 and was the first Florence principal. She also taught in Red Rock, Casa Grande and was an instructor at the University of Arizona Preparatory in Tucson and a principle at Clifton. She is considered one of Arizona's mothers of education. Her 1908 home follows the modernism of the era of affordable bungalow housing with its modest proportions, full front porch and a roof line perpendicular to the street. It is built of locally-made brick.
Listed on the National Register of Historic Places

(Education • Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

John Zellweger House

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Arizona, Pinal County, Florence
One of a series of Craftsman bungalows on Willow Street, this was the home of the John Zellweger family. Zellweger was a founder of the First National Bank of Florence. His father and George Push owned the large Steam Pump Ranch north of Tucson. John carried on the ranching tradition with the Teacup Ranch near Kelvin.

Listed on the National Register of Historic Places

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Granville Wheat Outbuilding

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Arizona, Pinal County, Florence
The smaller adobe outbuilding was constructed by Grandville Wheat and appears on an 1869 army map of Florence. The flat earthen roof was replaced with a rare mono-pitched waterproof metal roof. The original door and wood frame remain. Wheat was a Butterfield Stage driver and came to Florence in 1868. Wheat, listed as a farmer in the 1870 census, was the first elected sheriff of Pima County and an early Pinal County Supervisor. The building may have been an ice house when George A. Brown owned it later.

Listed on the National Register of Historic Places

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Andronico Loroña House

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Arizona, Pinal County, Florence
This Sonornan-styled adobe house was built by rancher Andronico Loroña in 1886 and it is typical of the houses built in early Florence by ranchers. The original flat roof was replaced with a pitched roof covered with tin. Loroña lived here with his family until the death of his wife in 1935. After he and his three daughters left the area, an aunt, Mercy Chisholm, lived here with her husband until 1972. Mr. Chisholm was an electrician and it is claimed that he wired the first electric chair at Sing Sing prison. Legend says that no one ever knew his given name and even his wife called him Mister.

Listed on the National Register of Historic Places

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ignacio Manjarres House

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Arizona, Pinal County, Florence
Ignacio Manjarres was a rancher in Florence as early as 1898 when a brand was registered in his name with the county. He was a charter member of the Pinal County Cattle Growers Association. At various times he raised sheep and pigs, fruit trees and vegetables. In 1910, Manjarres bought a large lot and built this L-shaped adobe house on it. He built his 3-foot thick walls on the property line, typical for Florence. He wanted to make extra room for his large wood-hauling wagons to be able to turn around. Additions were added as the family grew, changing the home's original dimensions.

Listed on the National Resister of Historic Places

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Carmen Michea House

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Arizona, Pinal County, Florence
Built between 1886 and 1889, this Sonoran row house was the most common house type in territorial Florence. It was transformed to Spanish colonial revival in 1940. This house displays features like the stepped parapet and mission-tile canopy. During this time period, many Spanish/Mexican architectural features, such as the flat roof, were reintroduced. The low adobe wall defines the property lines on the south and west.

Listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Frederick Douglass

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Maryland, Caroline County, Hillsboro
The anti-slavery movement was a major factor in the regional contention that led to the Civil War. During the 1840s and 1850s, no individual generated greater support in both America and Europe for that movement than Frederick Douglass. His eloquent speeches and writings were uniquely influential because they were based on his personal experiences as a Maryland slave from his birth near Hillsboro in 1818 until his escape from Baltimore in 1838.

Many of Douglass' best known and most notorious descriptions of slave life were based on events in and around Hillsboro. His separation from his mother in 1824 and the division of his family among slaveholders in 1828 occurred 1.5 miles south of Hillsboro on the west side of the Tuckahoe River. Other events occurred just south of Hillsboro on the east side of the Tuckahoe, including the "murder" of his wife's cousin. The brutal beating of Douglass' brother Perry in 1828 by a drunken slaveholder may have occurred in the village of Hillsboro.

These experiences, which Douglass called his "tales of horror," were graphically related in his 1845 and 1855 autobiographies as well as in his prolific essays and speeches. Doubtless, the residents of Douglass' sleepy home town (population 180) would have been shocked to know that the local experiences of a slave child would eventually be related to a worldwide audience and thereby help increase the sectional passions that resulted in the Civil War.

[text with image of Frederick Douglass on the left] Frederick Douglass began his first autobiography in 1845: "I was born in Tuckahoe, near Hillsborough..."

[text with image of Anne Murray Douglass on the right] Douglass' wife Anne Murray Douglass and her family were from "Tuckahoe Neck" just south of Hillsboro.

(African Americans • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Houppert Winery

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Michigan, Van Buren County, Lawton
Grape growing began in Lawton in 1868 when A.B. Jones planted 100 vines. By 1900 many eastern Van Buren County farmers converted their land to vineyards. In 1903 the Lawton Vineyard Company built a winery on this site, which William C. Houppert purchased in 1933. The region's grape production peaked in 1939. During the harvest the Houppert Winery took in 200 to 400 tons of grapes daily. On June 7, 1940, Houppert's prosperity ended when fire destroyed the complex. Houppert rebuilt the winery, but he never recovered financially. In 1943 he sold the property to the predecessor of the Warner Vineyards of Paw Paw, which operated the winery through the 1970s. In 1990 the Lawton Lions Club purchased the winery and rehabilitated it as a community center and museum.

(Agriculture) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Paw Paw Public Library

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Michigan, Van Buren County, Paw Paw
This building opened as the Paw Paw Public Library on June 26, 1920. Jackson architect Claire Allen designed the library, as well as the nearby county courthouse. Pennsylvania industrialist Andrew Carnegie donated $10,000 toward construction and required Paw Paw citizens to contribute $4,500 and to commit to long-term maintenance. In 1991 the library relocated. This building reopened as the Carnegie Community Center in 1995.

(Charity & Public Work • Education) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

St. Mark's Church / The Reverend Darius Barker

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Michigan, Van Buren County, Paw Paw


(Side One)
St. Mark's Church
St. Mark's parish, organized at the county courthouse on February 22, 1851, is Paw Paw's oldest Episcopal congregation. The Reverend Voltaire Spaulding conducted the first service in a vacant store. The present church's cornerstone was laid on the Feast of St. Mark, April 25, 1876. Joseph Davey built the church under the leadership of the Reverend Darius Barker. Bishop George Gillespie consecrated it on December 6, 1876. The bell tower with a bell donated by the Reverend George Schetky and his family was added in 1882.

(Side Two)
The Reverend Darius Barker
The Reverend Darius Barker was born in 1805 at Unity, New Hampshire. He came to Michigan in 1839, living in Lenawee and Jackson counties. In 1866 Barker became the first resident rector of St. Mark's Episcopal Church. Barker used part of his house, located at the intersection of Oak and Van Buren streets, as a chapel until the present church was built in 1876. Barker extended his pastoral duties to include other Van Buren County communities. He died on May 29, 1892, and was buried in Prospect Cemetery in Paw Paw.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Edward A. King

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Georgia, Catoosa County, near Fort Oglethorpe
Edward A. King

Colonel 68th Indiana

Commanding Second Brigade

Reynold's Division

Killed here at 5:00 P.M.

September 20, 1863

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Territorial Road

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Michigan, Van Buren County, Paw Paw
One of the three great east-west routes of pioneer days, the Territorial Road from Detroit to St. Jos tapped the rich lands of the second "tier" of counties. Approved in 1829, the road was not surveyed through Van Buren County until 1835. Although at first it was only a "blaze and a name," the route soon was teeming with emigrants and travelers. The Dodge Tavern in Paw Paw, a famed stopping point, was so crowded at times that some weary persons, old-timers said, "offered a dollar for a post to lean against."

(Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Trousdale Place

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Tennessee, Sumner County, Gallatin
This was the home of William Trousdale (1790-1872), governor of Tennessee (1849-1851) and U.S. minister to Brazil (1853-1857). During the Union army’s occupation of Gallatin from 1862 to 1870, its commanders regarded former governor Trousdale as the county’s elder statesman despite his strong support for the Confederacy. Both the army and local citizens turned to him for assistance in dealing with each other. He and his family were permitted to remain here. Occasionally, he was ordered to accommodate Union needs, to provide a room for a court martial or to house a group of women accused of pro-Confederate activities.

Eighteen miles north of Gallatin, near Portland, a Confederate training camp established in 1861 was named Camp Trousdale in his honor. Both his sons, Charles W. and Julius A. Trousdale, were seriously wounded while serving in the Confederate army. Charles Trousdale joined the 9th Tennessee Cavalry and Julius Trousdale served in the 2nd Tennessee Infantry.

William Trousdale served under Gen. Andrew Jackson in the Creek War, again in the War of 1812 at Pensacola and New Orleans, and in the Seminole War of 1836. He completed his military career as a brigadier general in the U.S. Army in the 1847-1848 war with Mexico.

The bronze statue of a Confederate soldier stands atop the granite monument you see. It was unveiled on September 20, 1903.

(sidebar)
William Trousdale acquired Trousdale Place about 1830. Congressman John H. Bowen had almost completed its construction when he died in 1822. The site was originally part of the 640-acre North Carolina Land Grant No. 1 to James Trousdale, William Trousdale’s father, who sold it in 1802 for laying out the town of Gallatin. The Trousdale family owned the house until 1900 when it was deeded to Clark Chapter 13, United Daughters of the Confederacy, in memory of the Confederate soldiers of Sumner County and to her soldiers “in any other war or wars.” Trousdale Place exhibits characteristics of Federal style architecture, notably its handsome doorway and staggered Flemish-bond brickwork.

(captions)
William Trousdale Courtesy Trousdale Place
Julius A. Trousdale Courtesy Trousdale Place
Sumner County Courthouse and Gallatin Mill, 1862 Courtsey Library of Congress

(Settlements & Settlers • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Trousdale Place

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Tennessee, Sumner County, Gallatin
Built by John Bowen prior to 1820 and purchased in 1822 by William Trousdale, Governor of Tennessee, 1849-1851. He fought in the War of 1812, and the Creek, Seminole, and Mexican Wars, and was brevetted brigadier-general by President Polk in 1848. In 1900 the house was given to Clark Chapter No. 13 U.D.C. by Annie Berry Trousdale, wife of William Trousdale’s son, Julius, a Confederate veteran.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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