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Model 1857 12-Pounder Gun-Howitzer

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Maryland, Washington County, Sharpsburg

Commonly known as the “Napoleon,” this smoothbore was the favored artillery piece in both armies throughout the Civil War. Although it was used at moderate range with explosive shell, it was especially effective at short range with canister shot.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

3-Inch Ordnance Rifle

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Maryland, Washington County, Sharpsburg

This was one of the most accurate weapons used here. It was preferred over the heavier 10-pounder Parrott which fired the same size ammunition.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Veterans Memorial

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Minnesota, Brown County, Sleepy Eye
In honor of the
Brave Service Men & Women
who have defended and
continue to defend the
United States of America.

Sons of John & Mary Broich
Chris USNR, Art USNR, Walter USAF, Joseph USNR
Francis USNR, James USN, Alfred US ARMY, John Jr. USNR
Donated By:
Mayor Jim & Mary Broich

2013

(Military) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

10-Pounder Parrott Rifle

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Maryland, Washington County, Sharpsburg

This cast iron rifle with its band of wrought iron reinforced the breech was a modern weapon of the day. It was effective at moderately long range. The 20-pounder, similar except for size, was the heaviest rifled cannon used at Antietam.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Stanley's Stalwarts

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Georgia, Chatham County, Pooler

379th BG   527 BS
Kimbolton, England

P      S W Cebuhar            POW
CP   D C Reopelle            POW
N      A M Thomas             LBC  
B      R G Engstrand        POW 
NG   L H Gates                  POW
FE   L F Higginbotham   POW
RO   W B Hardy                KIA   
BT   G R Byers                 KIA   
WG   F E Beam                 POW
TG   J P Dillon                  POW 


(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Tallassee Armory

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Alabama, Elmore County, Tallassee
Only Confederate armory not destroyed during the Civil War.

Col. Gorgas, ordnance chief, had carbine shop moved here into Tallassee Mfg. Co. mill in spring, 1864 as war threatened Richmond, Va.armory.

War ended before plant neared goal of 6,000 carbines per year.

In 1864 Rousseau's raid bypassed it.

1865: forces under General Wilson misled by faulty map, marched 10 miles east; threat of Forrest barred their return.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Postponed Aspirations

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South Carolina, Charleston County, Charleston

Settlers came to Carolina seeking land and fortune. But fear of Spanish and Native American attacks made cautious businessmen out of them. For ten years, they postponed their dream of having a flourishing settlement at Oyster Point across the marsh from here, where deeper water was ideal for trade. They opted instead for the relative safety of Albemarle Point because the creek and marsh provided greater defense. These natural elements, however, limited their capacity for trade.

Once the settlement was firmly established, the colonists moved to Oyster Point and helped develop the port city known today as Charleston.

(Colonial Era • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ralph F. Gates

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Indiana, Whitley County, Columbia City

Side One:

Columbia City attorney and banker, Gates (1893-1978) was elected State Commander of American Legion, 1931. In 1944, he led Republican Party to control of state offices and Indiana General Assembly. As Governor (1945-1949), he created state Department of Veterans’ Affairs to aid Hoosier men and women returning from WWII in obtaining employment, education, and housing.

Side Two:

Amid national post-war labor strikes in coal, steel, and railroads, Gates oversaw transition of Indiana economy from war to peace. His administration streamlined Indiana government; created agencies to promote commerce, aviation, and flood control; worked to obtain funds for better roads and highways, higher salaries for teachers, and new state health facilities.

(Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

On the Edge of an Empire

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South Carolina, Charleston County, Charleston

War between Spain and England ended 10 years before the founding of Charles Towne, but the hatred and mistrust between the two empires remained. In an era of empire building, Charles Towne’s existence directly challenged Spain’s claim on the land they called Chicora. The colonists implored the support of Lord Ashley against the Spanish threat: “We are here settled in the very chaps of the Spaniard . . . ”

Aware of this eminent threat, the settlers prepared themselves for the worst. These earthen fortifications, equipped with 12 cannons, strengthened the already formidable natural defenses of the marsh and river against Spanish naval forces.

(Colonial Era • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Crooked River (High) Bridge

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Oregon, Jefferson County, near Terrebonne

Central Oregon's roads were primitive at best during the early 1900s. Until the 1920s, US Highway 97 was a collection of unpaved roads. Prior to construction of the Crooked River (High) Bridge in 1926, the only nearby crossing was a small, one-lane wood structure, called the Trail Crossing, located about a mile upstream.

The Crooked River (High) Bridge is 464 feet long, and at 295 feet above the river it was the nation's highest single arch span when constructed. Oregon's famous bridge engineer, Conde B. McCullough, designed the bridge to blend gracefully with the region's rugged landscape -- harmonizing with the Oregon Trunk Line Railway Bridge (1910) downstream.

McCullough engineered this bridge to accommodate the needs of the 20th century, and it was the only automobile crossing of the Crooked River Gorge for more than 70 years. Increased traffic, larger vehicles, and heavier loads, made the bridge obsolete by the late 1990s, just as the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) began construction of a new bridge. Today, the High Bridge is open to pedestrian traffic offering spectacular views of the canyon as part of the Peter Skene Ogden State Scenic Viewpoint.


(Background Photo Caption)

"The bridge stands as a symbol of all that the building of modern highways has meant to central Oregon. In it people see the fruitation (sic) of their greatest hopes, the last link in the modern highway that stretches from north to south across the state east of the Cascades, bringing tourists to their doors, bringing the farms closer to the cities, uniting the cities themselves in a spirit of neighborliness, where the lack of transportation in the old days meant isolation."
The Portland Oregonian
July 15, 1927


(Inset)

Conde B. McCullough (1887-1946) believed that bridges should be built efficiently, economically, and aesthetically. During his tenure as State Bridge Engineer, McCullough was responsible for the design of hundreds of bridges characterized by architectural elegance. Today, several McCullough bridges are eligible for the National Register of Historic Places.

Prior to the construction of the Crooked River (High) Bridge in 1926 (right), the Oregon Trunk Railway Bridge (1911) was the only structure crossing the Crooked River Gorge.

(Bridges & Viaducts) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Peter Skene Ogden

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Oregon, Jefferson County, near Terrebonne

This park is named for Peter Skene Ogden, 1793-1854. In the fall of 1825, Ogden led a Hudston's Bay Company trapping party on the first recorded journey into central Oregon, crossing the country to the north and east into the Crooked River Valley not far above here. He was in the vicinity again in 1826 bound for the Harney Basin and the Klamath region where he discovered Mount Shasta. Ogden was an important figure in the early fur trade and ranged over all the west. He rescued the survivors of the Whitman Massacre.

Ogden, Utah, was named for him.

(Exploration • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Trade, Profits and Support

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South Carolina, Charleston County, Charleston

By the spring of 1671, the Lords Proprietors expected some profitable trade goods coming out of the fledgling colony. Timber, in the forms of pipe staves to make barrels and firewood for Barbadian sugar-production, should have been a ready commodity.

Frustrated at the colonists in spring of 1671 when the Blessing arrived empty in Barbados, the Lords made their expectations clear. Thomas Colleton warned the council that if the Carolina didn’t come back to Barbadoes “loaded [with timber] upon the Lords Proprietors account this time, she will hardly come back to you againe.”

(Colonial Era • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

A Common Lodging

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South Carolina, Charleston County, Charleston

Indentured servants and enslaved Africans were the backbone of the new colony, and their labor ensured its survival. Hundreds arrived in the years after 1670, and the new settlement must have included some sort of housing for this labor force.

In 1674, one of the Lords Proprietors instructed his deputy to build a “common lodging” for his servants. The house before you, constructed in 2007, is a representation of this type of dwelling. Although archeologists have not yet found the remains of such a structure, it is possible that a similar building once stood in the colony.

(African Americans • Colonial Era • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Crime & Punishment: “Tyed to the Usual Tree”

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South Carolina, Charleston County, Charleston

What constitutes a crime? In early Charles Towne, the majority of prosecuted crimes involved slander against the government, or actions that endangered the colony or threatened its profit. This differed from New England colonies, where religious or moral laws ruled daily life.

A harsh, yet common, punishment was to tie the offender to “the usual tree” where lashes were “well laid on the naked back.” Lesser offenders received time in the stocks or pillory, while some were locked in a room. Humiliating and sometimes painful, these punishments occurred for all to see, creating a deterrent for others.

(Colonial Era • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

A Unique Find Brings Unanswered Questions

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South Carolina, Charleston County, Charleston

Native Americans built a ceremonial center here centuries before English colonists founded Charles Towne. Palisade walls surrounded sacred ground where religious rituals were conducted. Although pottery excavated here is similar to other finds from across the Southeast, this site is unique because the center did not include a ceremonial mound.

Interpreting What Isn’t Here
In front of you, four groupings of natural wood posts mark the outer corners of the ceremonial site. The smaller area outlined by blue posts was probably a temple, while purple posts indicate platforms from which ceremonies could be observed. Sheds, likely added after the initial construction and used to store ceremonial materials, are outlined by orange posts.

(Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Garryowen

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Montana, Big Horn County, Garryowen

         Garryowen, the old Irish tune, was the regimental marching song of the 7th U.S. Cavalry, General Custer's command.
         The Battle of the Little Big Horn commenced in the valley just east of here June 25, 1876, after Custer had ordered Major Marcus A. Reno to move his battalion into action against the Tribes of Sioux and Cheyennes, led by Chiefs Gall, Crazy Horse, Two Moons and the Medicine Man, Sitting Bull.
         Reno, with 112 men, came out of the hills about 2½ miles southeast of here and rode within ¼ mile of the Indian camp where he was met by the Indians who outnumbered the soldiers ten to one. Dismounting his men Reno formed a think skirmish line west across the valley from the timber along the river. After severe losses he was forced to retreat to high ground east of the Little Big Horn where he was joined by Major Benteen's command. The combined forces stood off the Indians until the approach of Gibbon's column from the north on the following day caused the Indians to pull out. Reno and Benteen were not aware of Custers fate until the morning of the 27th.

(Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Pershing County

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Nevada, Pershing County, Lovelock

Here was a key point on Nevada's earliest road, the famed Humboldt Trail that brought 165,000 imigrants west in the 1840's and 50's. Travelers named this rich valley the Big Meadows and stopped for water and grass before continuing south to cross the dreaded 40-Mile Desert, the most difficult lap on the trail to California.

Mining, still an important industry, began here in the 1850's. George Lovelock merchant, rancher and prospector gave his name to the county seat. The coming of the railroad in 1869 brought new growth to the area. Pershing County, established in 1919, was previously part of Humboldt County.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Tales of the Tub

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South Carolina, Charleston County, Charleston

This historic bathtub, probably built in the early 1800s, is the first of its kind that archeologists have identified in Charleston. It is unique because its owner placed it in the plantation house instead of a separate outbuilding.

Although a rough and plain-looking ruin today, it was once a finely finished bathtub. It stands as a tangible reminder that attitudes about bathing have changed throughout the centuries. Once considered risky to a person’s health, bathing became increasingly fashionable in the late 1700s. At that time, however, bathers washed for refreshment rather than to get clean.

(Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

In Memoriam

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California, San Luis Obispo County, Templeton
*Fred Barger
Charles Eddy
Elmer Hagerman
Barry Luther
Peter Pesenti
*Charles Vaca
*David Vaca
*Killed in Action
*Norman Hoover

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Foundations of the Southern Plantation

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South Carolina, Charleston County, Charleston

The ruins of the Horry family home symbolize the Southern plantation system. Founded on this soil by the first colonists, the system flourished for generations, but ultimately crumbled.

When the Lords Proprietors set up the colony, they copied the successful Barbadian plantation model. From Barbados to Carolina, large land-owners profited from the labor of enslaved Africans who built homes, cleared fields, planted seeds, and harvested crops.

The Horry-Lucas mansion burned in 1865 near the end of the Civil War. Its ashes marked the end of the slave-based plantation system; a system that originated with the settlers here nearly 200 years before.

(Antebellum South, US) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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