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The Alexander Scammell Bridge over the Bellamy River

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New Hampshire, Strafford County, Strafford
A Revolutionary patriot, soldier, and adopted son of Durham, N.H., Alexander Scammell served with distinction through six years of the war from Bunker Hill to Yorktown, where he was wounded, captured, and died six days later, Oct. 6, 1781. Born in Mendon (now Milford) Mass., 1747, he attended Harvard, studied law under John Sullivan. Named Adjutant General of the Army at Valley Forge, he was praised by Washington who said after a long campaign, "The man who inspired us to do our full duty was Alexander Scammell." This bridge was named for Scammell by the General Court in 1933.

(Patriots & Patriotism • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Lincoln Army Air Field - Lincoln Air Force Base

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Nebraska, Lancaster County, Lincoln

Lincoln Army Air Field was constructed in 1942 on the former Lincoln Municipal Airport. The 2,750-acre property was leased to the army by the City of Lincoln. The base provided technical training for aircraft mechanics, basic training for army aviation cadets, and served as an overseas deployment staging area for bombardment groups and fighter squadrons. It was one of eleven U.S. Army Air Forces training centers built in Nebraska during World War II.

At war's end the airfield served as a military separation center for aircrews returning from overseas. It closed in December 1945 and was returned to the City of Lincoln for a municipal airport.

In 1952 the Strategic Air Command activated the airfield as Lincoln Air Force Base under a joint-use lease agreement between the U.S. Air Force and the City of Lincoln. Bomber wings, air refueling squadrons, and an Atlas ICBM squadron were assigned to the base.

In 1966 the base closed and the property was transferred to the City of Lincoln for use as a municipal airport, industrial park, and public housing community.

(Air & Space • War, Cold • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lincoln Army Air Field Regimental Chapel

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Nebraska, Lancaster County, Lincoln

Nebraska Historic Site
Lincoln Army Air Field
Regimental Chapel
1942
This property is listed in
the National Register of Historic Places

(Air & Space • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Sumterville

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Florida, Sumter County, Sumterville
Sumter County was created by an act of the Florida Legislature on January 8, 1853. The new county was created from the southern part of Marion County and included a large segment of what is now Lake County. The community of Adamsville was selected as the first county seat. In 1858 the county seat was moved to Sumterville, where it remained until 1868 when an act of the state legislature directed that the seat be moved to Leesburg.

In 1879 the state legislature directed that an election be held to determine a permanent county seat. In the election held on October 10, 1881, Sumterville was selected, but legal questions arose concerning the validity of the election and finally the legislative session on 1883 recognized the election and fixed the permanent county seat as Sumterville.

On January 30, 1909 the courthouse burned and immediately there arose a movement to locate the county seat in another part of the county. Numerous elections were held, and finally Bushnell was declared the seat on March 20, 1912, all county offices were moved to Bushnell.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

The Missouri River

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Nebraska, Otoe County, Nebraska City


Today, the Missouri River is 2315 miles in length. At Nebraska City it is 1755 miles from the headwaters in Montana and 560 miles to its mouth near St. Louis, MO. where it empties into the Mississippi River. It is North America's longest river but it no longer resembles the river Lewis and Clark explored in the early 1800's. In those days, floods were a regular occurrence in April and June of each year. The April floods were caused by ice and snow melt locally, the June floods were a result of snow melt in the Rocky Mountains at the river's source. These floods sent water into the low lying areas, cutting new channels and creating new islands and sandbars by depositing nutrient rich soil.

The Lewis and Clark expedition spent 64 days traveling from Camp Wood, IL. to this point. The mileage would have been much greater at that time because the river had numerous curves. Beginning in 1927 the river was channeled by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers from its confluence with the Mississippi to Sioux City, IA. This created a channel 200' wide and 6' deep to facilitate barge traffic. In 1944 the Pick-Sloan Plan called for a series of five dams on the Missouri. By the mid 1960's major floods on the Missouri River were a thing of the past. The communities along the lower Missouri River were grateful to be free of the annual floods. However, the controlled flow of the river reduced the amount of nutrient rich sediment [t]hat can be deposited on the low lying areas during traditional flood seasons. The richness of bottomland farm fields was created by such deposits over the centuries.

At this point you are 190 feet above the river. The other shore is in the state of Iowa and the bluffs in the distance are the Loess Hills.

(Environment • Exploration • Industry & Commerce • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Earth Lodge Villages

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Nebraska, Otoe County, Nebraska City


The Otoe and Missouria people who lived in this area in the 1700s and 1800s built villages with small groupings of earth lodges. Like the Omahas, Poncas and Pawnees who lived in Nebraska and Kansas, and Mandans, Arikawas and Hidatsas in the Dakotas, their earth lodges were permanent structures.

A framework of heavy timber posts supported the circular, dome-shaped structures, with a covering of poles, prairie grass, and sod providing strength and insulation from heat and cold. In the summer, they constructed arbors to provide shade, and scaffolds to dry meat, vegetables and firewood.

Nearby were family garden plots, where women and children sowed and harvested corn, beans, watermelon, tobacco and pumpkins.

For brief trips in the spring and summer, and during buffalo hunts, they traveled with their "mobile homes" made of poles and animal skins, known as tipis.

[Inset photo caption reads] Earth lodges such as the replica lodge constructed here would have been home to 20 to 25 people, plus a few prized ponies.

Left, Pe'Dagahi and his wife at Omaha Earth Lodge Home, 1869.
Photo by William Henry Jackson, Nebraska State Historical Society, RG1289-20-01.

[Background] Illustration by Linda S. Meigs, 2013.

(Environment • Man-Made Features • Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Hunter, Watchdog and Faithful Friend

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Nebraska, Otoe County, Nebraska City


One valued member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition had four legs, webbed feet and weighed 150 pounds. He was Captain Meriwether Lewis' dog Seaman, a Newfoundland.

At Lewis' command, Seaman jumped into the Ohio River to catch squirrels swimming across in great numbers. Later, an Expedition hunter wounded a deer, which ran into the Missouri River. Seaman caught and drowned the deer and brought it to shore.

In present-day Montana, Seaman's skills as a watchdog saved lives when a grizzly bear stopped within 30 yards of the Expedition's campsite. "My dog seems to be in a constant state of alarm with these bears and keeps barking all night," Lewis wrote.

Most historians believe the dog returned to St. Louis with the rest of the Corps of Discovery in 1806. Otherwise, Lewis surely would have written in his journal about the loss of such a faithful companion.

For many years, scholars thought Lewis' dog was named "Scannon." Donald Jackson, a noted historian and native of Glenwood, Iowa, studied the handwriting of Expedition journals and determined the correct spelling, "Seaman."
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Artwork by Patricia Reeder Eubank courtesy of "Seaman's Journal: On the Trail with Lewis and Clark." Used by permission of Ideals Publications.
© 2004 Big Muddy Workshop Inc.

(Animals • Exploration) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Barge / Keelboat (replica)

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Nebraska, Otoe County, Nebraska City


The Lewis & Clark Expedition Barge/Keelboat was 55 feet long and 8 feet 4 inches wide and drew 2 to 2.5 foot [sic] of water when loaded with an estimated 12 to 15 ton[s] of supplies. The preponderance of the historic evidence indicates that it was built in Pittsburgh, PA.

It was used on the expedition until they reached the Mandan Villages in what is now North Dakota in November of 1804. After spending the winter of 1804-05 frozen in the ice of the Missouri it was loaded with scientific specimens and sent back down the river to St. Louis with a crew of 12 men. No one is sure what happened to the barge/keelboat after its return to St. Louis. This replica was built as a movie prop for the IMAX movie, "The Great Journey West". It was donated to this center by The Suzanne and Walter Scott Foundation.

(Exploration • Man-Made Features • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

"Richey" and Harden Stone Millstones

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Missouri, Caldwell County, Hamilton


"Richey" Mill Stones
Salem, Caldwell County
1838
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Harden Stone Millstones
Monroe Township
Daviess County

Chapter DAR 1912
Replaced by Major Molly - 2003

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Navy Base

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South Carolina, Charleston County, North Charleston

To meet the needs of an expanding navy, in 1899 the United States Naval Committee solicited proposals to build a new ship construction and repair facilities. At the urging of South Carolina Senator Benjamin "Pitchfork" Tillman and Charleston Mayor J. Adger Smyth, the Navy agreed to locate a shipyard on the lands formerly part of Marshlands, Mon Repos, and Retreat Plantations. Construction began in 1901.

The decision was made to close the Naval Base in 1993. The Base officially closed April 1, 1996, although the Navy presence continues locally at the Naval Weapons Station located north of the City. The Naval Weapons Station and the Charleston Air Force Base now comprise Joint Base Charleston. The Navy's contribution to this area is commemorated in the nearby Greater Charleston Naval Base Memorial.

After the close of the Base, the property was divided between the City of North Charleston and the South Carolina State Ports Authority. Since that time, the Ports Authority has begun construction of the Navy Base Terminal on the southern end of the former Base, and the facility is anticipated to open in 2018. The northern end of the Base is currently being redeveloped in a broad range of industrial, commercial, residential, and recreational uses.

Charleston Navy Yard Historic District
(picture included)
Marker Location: 1975 North Hobson Avenue

After an uncertain beginning in 1901, activity at the Navy Yard increased between 1910 and 1917 with the addition of a torpedo base and a facility for new ship construction. After World War I, activity at the yard declined. However, with America's entry into World War II in 1941, the Charleston Navy Yard again experienced a period of significant growth. At its peak in 1943, the Charleston Navy Yard employed over 25,000 workers.
Source: National Register of Historic Places nomination; Charleston Navy Yard Historic District

Charleston Naval Hospital Historic District
(picture included)
Marker Location 1960 Turnbull Avenue

The earliest medical facilities at the Charleston Navy Yard consisted of tents erected in 1902 to house construction workers. The first hospital was built in 1917 to accommodate an expanding labor force during World War I.
The majority of the buildings were constructed from the late 1930s, just prior to the entry of the United States into World War II, until the late 1940s. The main hospital complex, built from 1940-1942, consisted of two central buildings with eight treatment wings and a central courtyard.
The hospital continued to serve the Charleston Naval Base until a new high-rise hospital was constructed on Rivers Avenue in 1972.
Source: National Register of Historic Places nomination; Charleston Naval Hospital Historic District

Charleston Navy Yard Officers' Quarters Historic District
(picture included)
Marker Location: 1096 Navy Way

In 1895, the City of Charleston purchased lands formerly part of the Retreat and Turnbull Plantations. The City commissioned the Olmsted Brothers of Massachusetts to design a public recreational park, named Chicora Park after a local Indian tribe.
When the Navy purchased the property in 1901, it retained many of the natural features of Chicora Park. In accordance with naval tradition, the Navy built the highest ranking officer's quarters, Quarters A, on the most desirable site: the landscaped rise near the golf course that took advantage of the river breezes. The lower ranking officers' quarters were sited on marshy lands to the south.
Source: National Register of Historic Places nomination; Charleston Navy Yard Officers' Quarters Historic District



(Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Welcome to Hamilton

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Missouri, Caldwell County, Hamilton


J.C. Penney 1875-1971 • 500th J.C. Penney Store opened in 1924 • Frank Clark's Mill 1867 • Sam McBrayer's Livery Stable 1898 • Caldwell County Courthouse in Kingston Built 1898 • J.C. Penney Farms • Far West Memorial • Hamilton Holiday Street Scene 1930's • Hamilton Original City Hall 1911 • Home of North Missouri Steam and Gas Engine Show • Burlington Northern Railroad Depot • Zach Wheat Baseball Hall of Famer 1959

[Mural by Ted] Stillwell
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In 1997 the Hamilton Economic Development Board made a commitment to develop a mural in the downtown park. Under the auspices of a summer youth program of the Green Hills Community Action Agency, Michelle Rossi, a Penney High School student, was hired to develop sketches of local historic scenes. Under the direction of Marshall Tezon, president of the Economic Development Board, these scenes were organized into a large mural, then transferred onto 25 4'x8' panels by Tezon, Michael Chadwick and Rossi. Independence mural artist Ted Stillwell was commissioned by the Economic Development Board to paint the panels in his studio. The completed mural became the focal point for development of the new J.C. Penney Park.

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Boyhood Home of J. C. Penney

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Missouri, Caldwell County, Hamilton


[Title is text]

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Hamilton

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Missouri, Caldwell County, Hamilton


Founded in 1855 and named for Alexander Hamilton and Joseph Hamilton. First incorporated in 1868. Ten miles southwest the Mormons in 1836 established the town of Far West, the county seat from 1836 to 1843.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Defenders Monument

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Minnesota, Brown County, New Ulm
This monument is erected by the State of Minnesota to commemorate the battles and incidents of the Sioux Indian War of 1862, which particularly relate to the town of New Ulm.
1890.
Honored be the memory of the citizens of Blue Earth, Nicollet, Le Sueur and adjacent counties, who so gallantly came to the rescue of their neighbors of Brown County and by their prompt action and bravery aided the inhabitants in defeating the enemy in the two battles of New Ulm, whereby the depredations of the savages were confined to the border, which would otherwise have extended into the heart of the State.

The Sioux Indians, located at the Red Wood and Yellow Medicine Agencies on the upper waters of the Minnesota River, broke into open rebellion on the 18th day of August 1862. They massacred nearly all the whites in and about the agencies. Under the leadership of the chief Little Crow, they proceeded down the river toward New Ulm, and on the 19th of August entered the settlement of Milford, about seven miles west of New Ulm, and killed many of the inhabitants. On the afternoon of the 19th of August a force of about one hundred warriors attacked the town of New Ulm, killing several of the citizens and burning a number of buildings, but did not carry the barricades which had been hastily thrown up;

While the battle was in progress, the advance of Captain Charles E. Flandrau's company from Nicollet County, about fifteen strong, under the command of L.M. Boardman, entered the town and the savages withdrew. The defense up to this time was in charge of Captain Jacob Nix. At 9 p.m. of the 19th of August, a large force, consisting of Captain Flandrau's company from Nicollet County, together with a company from Le Sueur County arrived and took possession of the town; reinforcements to the number of several hundred subsequently arrived. On the 20th Captain Flandrau was chosen Commander in Chief and the defenses were strengthened.

On the 23rd the Indians, six hundred and fifty strong, again attacked New Ulm at half past nine in the morning and besieged it until noon of the 24th. The assault was vigorously executed and desperately resisted. One hundred and eighty buildings were destroyed in the contest, leaving of the town such part only as lay within the barricades. Of the defenders thirty-four were killed and about sixty wounded, reinforcements arrived at noon of the 24th under Captain Cox of St. Peter. On the 25th the town was evacuated and the inhabitants all safely conveyed to Mankato.

Roster of those killed in the Battles of New Ulm.
Capt. John Belm's Co. New Ulm 11th Reg't State Militia.
G.W. Otto Barth, William England, Matthias Meyer, Leopold Senzke, Jacob Castor, Julius Kirschstein, August Roepke.
Le Sueur Tigers No. 1, Capt. William Dellaughter.
1st Lieut. A.M. Edwards, William Lusky.
Le Sueur Tigers No. 2, Capt. E.C. Saunders.
5th Sergt. William Maloney, Mathew Aherin, Washington Kulp.
Capt. William Bierbauer's Mankato Co.
Newel E. Houghton, William Nicholson.
Capt. Charles E. Flandrau's Co., St. Peter Frontier Guards.
1st Lieut. Wm. B. Dodd, Max Haack, Jerry Quane, John Summers, Rufus Huggins, Luke Smith.
Capt. Louis Buggert’s Co.
Capt. Louis Buggert.
New Ulm Co.
Ferdinand Krause, August Riemann.
Milford Co.
Jacob Haeberle.

Citizens killed August 19th 1862, returning from a reconnaissance.
Almond D. Loomis, De Witt Lemon, Uri Loomis, Ole Olson, William Tuttle, Nels. Olson, William Carroll, Tory Olson, George Lamb, Jan. Tomson.

Monument Commission.
Henry H. Sibley, of St. Paul, Chairman. John F. Meagher, of Mankato. A. W. Daniels, of St. Peter. Wm. Pfaender, of New Ulm, Secretary.

(Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 10 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ol' Buddy

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Georgia, Chatham County, Pooler
First Crew - 20 Missions
34th Bomb Group   7th Squadron
Mendelsham, England
1944-1945

Killed in Action
1st Lt Leslie C Carter               Pilot
2nd Lt Robert A Koch              Co-Pilot
2nd Lt John J Russel               Navigator
1st Lt Joseph E Rozell             Bombardier
T Sgt Moe Hunt                          Flt/Eng
T Sgt Leonard W Guse            Radio
S Sgt Fernando A Barreda     Waist Gunner
S Sgt Robert C Behl                Ball Gun
Sole Survivor
S Sgt Cleveland J Romero  POW Tail Gun
Shot Down By Flak    14 January 1945

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Laclede

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Missouri, Linn County, Laclede


[Front]
Laclede is distinguished as the boyhood home of John Joseph Pershing, Commander of the American Expeditionary Force in Europe during World War I. He was born near Laclede in Linn County, Sept. 13, 1860. At the time, his parents, John Fletcher and Ann Elizabeth Thompson Pershing, were living in a cabin between Meadville and Laclede, near the father's work as section boss on the Hannibal and St. Joseph R. R. then being built through here.

Later the family moved to Laclede and the father opened a general store. The Pershing Boyhood Home in Laclede and Pershing State Park, west of Laclede, are State memorials. The park, 1,836 acres of beautiful woodland, through which flows scenic Locust Creek, was established, 1938, and dedicated, 1948.

Pershing's appointment to head the A. E. F., 1917, topped a brilliant career followed since his graduation from West Point, 1886. In 1919 he was appointed General of the Armies of the U. S., the only one ever to have held that rank. He died, July 15, 1948, and lies buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
(See other side)

[Back]
(Continued from other side)
Laclede, named for the founder of St. Louis, was laid out, 1853, by J.E. Worlow. It is one of several Linn County towns on the first railroad to cross Missouri, the Hannibal and St. Joseph (Burlington), 1859.

Northward is Linneus, seat of justice for Linn County. Settled, 1834, by John Holland, it is named for Swedish botanist Linnaeus. The county, a rich farming area, once quite heavily mined for coal, was organized, 1837. The name is for Lewis F. Linn, the "Model Senator from Missouri," 1833-43.

Linn County's real growth followed the chartering of the Hannibal and St. Joseph R. R., 1847. Towns on the line are Bucklin, laid out, 1854; Meadville, 1860; and Brookfield, 1859, all named for railroad employees. In the Civil War, raids were directed against the railroad held by the Union.

To the southeast, on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe R. R. is Marceline. Named for the wife of a railroad official, it was laid out, 1887. Walter E. Disney, creator of the world-famous "Mickey Mouse" and other animated cartoons, lived as young boy near there.

(Industry & Commerce • Patriots & Patriotism • Railroads & Streetcars • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

B-24 Big Banner

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Georgia, Chatham County, Pooler

44th BG   66th BS
B-24 Big Banner
Crashed Into Zuider Zee 22 Dec 43
FO Kent Miller                          P  KIA
2nd Lt Charles E Taylor       CP  POW
2nd Lt Frank A Passavant   N   KIA
2nd Lt Donald E Shaffer       B  KIA
T/Sgt Edward E Birge           TT  KIA
T/Sgt James C Childers        R  KIA
S/Sgt Stanley Pilch Jr           BT  KIA
S/Sgt John H Larson            RW  KIA
S/Sgt Gerald D McCord        LW  KIA
S/Sgt William J Sheehan     TG  KIA


(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Austin Raymond Merry

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Tennessee, Madison County, Jackson
When the Jackson school system organized in 1879, the first black educator and principal hired was Austin Raymond Merry. Professor Merry pioneered the development of the first school for African Americans in Madison County. He established the South Jackson School for Colored which was the forerunner of what was to become Merry High School.

Professor Merry received his B.A. and Masters degrees from Fisk Univerity in the 1800's and was the first African American in Jackson, Madison County to have a college degree. Mr. Merry dedicated his life to making a quality education available to Jackson and Madison County Black youth.

(African Americans • Education) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

PFC. Jimmy Berray

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Minnesota, Hennepin County, Richfield
Mortally wounded Nov. 13, 1942 during the naval battle of Guadalcanal while serving on the cruiser USS San Francisco. Awarded Navy Cross for Distinguished Service in this battle.

Buried at Sea, Nov. 14, 1942
"On the early morning of Nov. 13, Jimmy was seriously injured by shrapnel from a Japanese warship and died later that day. A more gallant, inspiring fight for life I shall never again witness. Jimmy Berray is a hero, a true hero. While seriously wounded he constantly waived first aid so that it could be given to comrades. We are proud to have known him – for men like him are rare. He was true to country and Corps and answered unhesitatingly the call of duty when his country needed him most."

Capt. W.L. Turner, USMC Commander, Marine Detachment, USS San Francisco

Jimmy Berray was born and raised in south Minneapolis and graduated from West High School.


This memorial erected by his boyhood friend Curtis Bernstein.

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Grace Memorial Episcopal Church

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Minnesota, Wabasha County, Wabasha
Designed by well-known architect Cass Gilbert, whose elegant new state capitol building was under construction in St. Paul, this handsome English Gothic style church was consecrated by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple on April 28, 1901. Forty-two years before, Bishop Whipple, en route up the Mississippi River by steamboat to St. Paul, had begun his ministry as the first bishop of the Diocese of Minnesota by holding a baptismal service in this parish.

This first Episcopal service in Wabasha was held in 1857. The growing congregation incorporated as a parish in 1866 and held services in a white frame building on this site until 1901. The adjacent rectory was built in 1869.

From 1872 until 1877 the Reverend Horace Hills served as rector of Grace Church. Thomas Irvine, a successful lumberman, was a member at that time. He met and married Emily, Father Hills' daughter, but before their twenty-fifth wedding anniversary, Emily Hills Irvine died. Thomas Irvine presented this church building as a gift in loving memory of his wife and her parent, the Reverend Hills and Elizabeth Roberts Hills. The interior focal point is the beautiful "Resurrection" window over the altar, made by Tiffany studios of New York in 1900. It is considered one of the finest windows made by the studios. The only stipulation Irvine placed on his gift was that the name Grace be retained, hence -- Grace Memorial Episcopal Church.

Grace be unto you.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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