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Bartram’s Trail

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Alabama, Baldwin County, Stockton
William Bartram, America’s first native born artist - naturalist, passed through Baldwin County during the Revolutionary era, making the first scientific notations of its flora, fauna and inhabitants. As the appointed botanist of Britain’s King George III, he traveled 2,400 miles in three journeys into the southern colonies in 1775-1776, collection rare plants and specimens and making detailed drawings of plants and animals. Erected by Baldwin County Commission And Alabama Bicentennial Commission

(Colonial Era • Horticulture & Forestry • Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Historic Stockton / Old Schoolyard Park

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Alabama, Baldwin County, Stockton

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Historic Stockton
Modern Stockton is situated on a hill just above the original settlement, which was abandoned around 1840 because of Yellow Fever outbreaks. No verified source for the town name exists. Most likely it was named by the local postmaster. The Indian mounds located near Stockton are witnesses of a prehistoric Indian population in the area. In the latter 1700s, Stockton was the most populous settlement in this area, excepting Mobile. Some records indicate the town was settled by Tory refugees from the Atlantic States during the Revolutionary War. Early Stockton residents included the English Commandant of Mobile, Major Robert Farmer who was visited in 1778 by William Bartram, the noted botanist. At that time the town was an English trading post. Later Stockton settlers built saw mills, a small church, a school, and a Masonic hall. The old bell used in the Stockton Presbyterian Church is thought to have been cast in Scotland and brought to America. Stockton today is mostly a residential community with some logging and farming occupations.
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Old Schoolyard Park
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This 11.86-acre site was acquired from A.B. Crosby in 1928 for the sum of $500. Upon it was built Stockton Junior High School, which opened with nine grades in 1929. It was the second Stockton public school site, the first being a three-room wooden structure housing 12 grades. That site was less than one mile south of here, the current grounds upon which Stockton Methodist Church is located. An earlier public school was taught in the Masonic Lodge building. Previous education was private, and schools were held in various locations. Stockton Junior High School was closed by a Federal school desegregation order of 1964 and burned in the 1970s. The Stockton Civic Club leases this site from the Baldwin County Board of Education for use as a public park. The Civic Club, with public and private donations, built the covered pavilion, the Community Center building, a walking trail, and other recreational facilities.

(Education • Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 11 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fort Mims And The Creek Indian War, 1813-14

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Alabama, Baldwin County, near Stockton

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In 1813, people on the United State’s southwestern frontier were fearful. The Redstick faction of the Creek Indian Nation opposed growing American influence in the area and had voted for war. However, Creeks living in the Tensaw area had intermarried with the European and American settlers and were close allies.

Early in the summer, local American militia and allied Creeks attacked a group of Redsticks at Burt Corn Creek. Tensions grew and many families along the Tensaw, Alabama, and Tombigbee rivers took refuge in quickly fortified sites.

On this site they built a stockade around Samuel Mims’s plantation. Later, volunteer troops from Mississippi helped enlarge it. But as weeks passed without an attack, the people at Fort Mims grew complacent.
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(Continued from other side) At midday, August 30, about 700 Redstick warriors attacked the fort. They entered through an open gate and fired into the fort through poorly designed gun ports. The commander, Major Daniel Beasely, died in the first wave, but part-Creek Dixon Bailey rallied the defenders. The attack continued for five hours and ended with more than 500 attackers and defenders dead, including most of the women and children at the fort.

News spread quickly throughout the South. Troops from surrounding states and territories joined to crush the “Creek War” by the following summer. On August 9, 1814, the defeated Creek leaders met at Fort Jackson near Wetumpka and ceded 23 million acres of their land to the United States.

This site is owned and operated by the Alabama Historical Commission and the Fort Mims Restoration Association.

(Forts, Castles • Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers • Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 10 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

General Ulysses S. Grant

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Tennessee, Madison County, Jackson
Headquarters in 1862 for General Grant until skirmishes in the area led his troops to the Battle of Shiloh.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Gettysburg Address

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New York, Saratoga County, Schuylerville
Address by President Lincoln
at the dedication of
The Gettysburg National Cemetery
November 19, 1863
          Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
          Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
          But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Patriots & Patriotism • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Desert Shield / Desert Storm

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New York, Saratoga County, Schuylerville
U.S.S. Saratoga (CV 60)
and
Carrier Air Wing Seventeen (CVW 17)

Deployment
August 7, 1990 – March 28, 1991

In memory of our twenty-three fallen shipmates during Operation Desert Shield / Desert Storm

Dedicated by the crew of the
U.S.S. Saratoga (CV 60) and
Carrier Air Wing Seventeen (CVW 17)
and
Residents of the County of Saratoga, New York

June 7, 1991

(War, 1st Iraq & Desert Storm • War, 2nd Iraq) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Gerald B.H. Solomon Saratoga National Cemetery

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New York, Saratoga County, Schuylerville

On January 24, 2002, President George W. Bush signed legislation renaming this cemetery in honor of Congressman Gerald Solomon for his tireless efforts in establishing this honorable and well deserved resting place for the veterans from our region.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

U.S.S. Saratoga

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New York, Saratoga County, Schuylerville
Ship’s
bell of
the
U.S.S.
Saratoga
(CV-3)

(Military • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Oak Home

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Mississippi, Alcorn County, Corinth
Judge W.H. Kilpatrick of Corinth had Oak Home built in 1857 by Tom Chesney, a local house designer and builder. Mr. M.S. Miller, a civil engineer working in Corinth shortly before the war, made this sketch in 1860, the only known Civil War vintage picture of Oak Home. Miller notes that a wood fence surrounded the whole block abd that the "fine house" was straw-colored with a yellow door bordered by sidelights.

Gen. Leonidas Polk, C.S.A. occupied Oak Home in 1862 until the siege of Corinth ended in May.

Corinth is part of the Civil War Discovery Trail

(Settlements & Settlers • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Washington County Cane Hill College

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Arkansas, Washington County, Cane Hill
Cane Hill College, the first collegiate institution of learning established in Arkansas was founded here by Cumberland Presbyterians on October 28, 1834. The following persons were named by the founders as the board of trustees: Col. John McClellan, Dr. Robert Bedford, Rev. John Carnahan, Rev. Jacob Sexton and Col. Lewis Evans. Dr. Stephen B. Johns was secretary of the board.

(Education) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Habitat of Seminary Ridge

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Pennsylvania, Adams County, Gettysburg
There is a beautiful and diverse natural habitat on Seminary Ridge. At 560 feet above sea level, the ridge is a threshold to the Blue Ridge and Appalachian Mountains to the west. The high ground that was of strategic importance in the Battle of Gettysburg has also been a habitat for hawks, owls, bats, birds, small mammals, insects and reptiles alongside the human beings who dwell or visit. White Oak trees that routinely live about four centuries grace the ridge. Hickory, Ash, Maple, Red and Chestnut Oaks, Pines, and Norway Spruce contribute to a majestic canopy interspersed with fields that have at various times hosted small-scale farming, orchards and grazing.

The seminary makes a concerted effort of stewardship for the natural habitat of its 52-acre campus, mindful of its place in the Chesapeake watershed, and its participation in the wider environment.

(Agriculture • Education • Environment • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

William Darlington Birthplace

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Pennsylvania, Chester County, near West Chester

The Birthplace of the
Eminent Botanist
William Darlington M.D.
1782 – 1863

Marked by the Chester County Historical Society
1913

(Notable Persons • Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Elsie Singmaster

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Pennsylvania, Adams County, Gettysburg
Born at Schuylkill Haven, Pennsylvania, Elsie Singmaster came to Gettysburg in 1901 where her father taught and served as president of the Seminary. A prolific writer for almost 50 years, Elsie Singmaster authored more than 300 short stories and nearly 40 books. Her stories appeared in such magazines as Saturday Evening Post, Ladies Home Journal, and Atlantic Monthly. Two of her favorite topics were Pennsylvania Germans and the Battle of Gettysburg. The setting for her novel Swords of Steel (Houghton Mifflin Company, 1933) was right here on Seminary Ridge. It was a Newberry Award honor book in 1934. For many years Elsie Singmaster Lewars lived in the house which bears her name just across the lawn from this spot. She was a prominent citizen of Gettysburg and a highly respected woman of her time.

(Arts, Letters, Music • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Confederate Prisoners of War

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Pennsylvania, Adams County, Gettysburg
Mathew Brady's photograph of three Southern prisoners posing on Seminary Ridge is among the most famous images of Confederate soldiers taken during the Civil War. The stone wall in front of you occupies the ground where the breastworks depicted in the photo once stood. Like more than 5,000 other Confederate soldiers captured by the Federal army during the battle, these men were eventually incarcerated in Northern prison facilities, such as Fort Delaware near Wilmington, Maryland, (sic) and Johnson's Island, on Lake Erie in Ohio.

Roughly 6,000 seriously wounded Confederate soldiers fell into Union hands after the Battle of Gettysburg. Several high-ranking Confederate officers recuperated at the Seminary Hospital before being transferred to prison, including, Generals James Kemper and Isaac Trimble, both of whom were wounded during Pickett's Charge, and Major Henry Kyd Douglas, an aide serving on the staff of General Edward Johnson. By the end of August, 41 Confederate patients remained at this hospital site.

(Science & Medicine • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Independence County First County Court House

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Arkansas, Independence County, Batesville
The town of Batesville was selected as the county seat and the first county court house built in 1821. A year after the county was organized.

(Government) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ledoux Street

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New Mexico, Taos County, Taos
Led Aux Street was named after the French trapper and guide Antonine Ledoux, who settled in the area around 1844. Earlier the street was named after Charles Beaubien and then later Smith H. Simpson. The area was developed in the fortress style with gates at each end.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Crone Store

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Minnesota, Brown County, New Ulm

For years, the Crone store was the largest mercantile establishment in New Ulm. In 1857, Theodore Crone Sr. opened his general store at the corner of Broadway and Center Streets. Twelve years later, he erected this building, adding a substantial two-story addition on the north side in 1876. Crone played an important role in the city's economic growth as a founder of the Citizen's National Bank (1876). The family also owned the New Ulm Vinegar Works, Minnesota's largest vinegar factory, between 1885 and 1900.

Following Theodore Sr.'s death in 1891, three sons, Carl, Ferdinand, and Theodore Jr., took over the company, turning it into one of the largest retail stores in Minnesota outside the Twin Cities. Adolph Schulke bought the dry-goods business in 1926, although Carl F. Crone, grandson of the founder, continued to operate the clothing store. Schulke changed the appearance of the building, installing a "stroll front" with large plate glass windows for displaying "up-to-the-minute styles."

In 1946, Herbergers, a Saint Cloud department store, acquired the Crone buildings along with the Stuebe/Neumann block (1898) to the north.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Civilians on Seminary Ridge

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Pennsylvania, Adams County, Gettysburg
Curious townspeople gathered near the Seminary on the morning of July 1, "all eager to witness a brush with the Confederates and not dreaming of the terrible conflict that was to occur on that day." As soon as the fighting began in earnest, however, the spectators and the occupants of the ridge, ran into the town according to one witness "at a speed greater than double quick."

The Rev. Charles Philip Krauth, professor at the Lutheran Theological Seminary, and his family occupied the brick house before you. Like every other structure in the area it was soon filled with the wounded and dying. Following the capture of the ridge, Krauth and his family were forced to flee westward through the Confederate lines to safety. They returned to find their home ransacked and their possessions scattered over the lawn. On July 9, 1863, Krauth wrote: "After almost incredible escapes from destruction and death raging around us, we are alive in good health and greatly comforted....Our loss will be very considerable but we are not sorrowing our losses but rejoicing in our deliverance."

In the small stone house across the Lincoln Highway behind you, Mary Jane Arendt Thompson gave birth on June 30, 1863. The child, who lived only eight months, was named Jane Meade Thompson, and is thought to be the youngest resident of Gettysburg at the time of the battle.

(Churches, Etc. • Education • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Gauntlet of Union Retreat and Aftermath

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Pennsylvania, Adams County, Gettysburg
By 4:30 p.m. on July 1, 1863, the Union line had been penetrated and broken along Seminary Ridge. A scene of chaos and confusion ensued as Union artillery galloped along the Chambersburg Pike past the fleeing infantry.

Suddenly, South Carolinians made their appearance on both sides of the Seminary building on top of the ridge. For better security the retreating soldiers crossed over the pike to the other side of the unfinished railroad embankment, only to find that the Southerners were closing in from that direction also. The converging Confederate forces created a "gauntlet" that none of the soldiers would ever forget. According to one survivor "The bullets were flying from each side in a perfect shower. The air seemed so filled that it seemed almost impossible to breathe without inhaling them."

-Mathew Brady's Photograph-
Of all the attention given to the Lutheran Theological Seminary by photographers over the years, the most famous, and arguably the earliest view was recorded by the firm of M. B. Brady. Recorded from a position along the Chambersburg Pike, the view portrays the Seminary just two weeks after the battle, at a time when it was filled with wounded soldiers.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Civil War Hospital

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Pennsylvania, Adams County, Gettysburg
Christ Lutheran Church
First Corps
July - August, 1863

(Churches, Etc. • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.
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