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Red House

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Virginia, Charlotte County, Red House
This old tavern was built by Martin Hancock about 1813 on the site of his earlier cabin. It was a noted stopping place and trade center on the old south road to the West.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Rough Creek Church

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Virginia, Charlotte County, Phenix
A chapel was built here in 1765-1769 by order of the vestry of Cornwall Parrish. Following the disestablishment and a brief period of irregular use, the property passed to the Republican Methodists, a denomination then active in the South. It was received under the care of Hanover Presbytery in 1822, and the present building was erected in 1838 on the original site. Rough Creek is the mother church of Madisonville, Oak View, and Phenix Presbyterian churches organized 1907-1914.

(Churches, Etc. • Colonial Era) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Oakley: Birthplace of the Legend

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Kansas, Logan County, Oakley


Legends are sometimes too good to be true, but Buffalo Bill was the real thing. He was born William Frederick Cody in a log cabin in Iowa in 1846, grew up on the plains of Kansas, and fought for the Union during the Civil War as a trooper with the Seventh Kansas Cavalry.

He earned his credentials as a frontiersman. At various times he worked as a trapper, a bullwhacker (driving the oxen for wagon trains), Pony Express rider, stagecoach driver, and hunter. But he became famous as a civilian scout for the military.

Scouts were the eyes and ears of the army. They guided troops over the plains, found water and hunted fresh game, trailed Indian war parties, acted as couriers and translators, and fought alongside the soldiers. From the moment General Philip Sheridan appointed Cody to be Chief Scout and Guide for the 5th U.S. Cavalry in 1868, he was on army payrolls for four consecutive years, more than any other scout and guide during the Indian Wars. Cody participated in 19 battles and skirmishes, and in 1872 he was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for gallantry.

Later that year, dime-novelist and playwright Ned Buntline persuaded Cody to appear in a blood-and-thunder melodrama, playing himself on stage. He was so successful that he started his own theater group with fellow scouts Texas Jack Omohundro and Wild Bill Hickok.

In 1883, he brought Indian people together with cowboys, cavalrymen, outlaws and lawmen, sharpshooters, elk, buffalo, and 200 horses in a two-and-one-half hour arena show. For the next thirty years, Buffalo Bill's Wild West carried the story of America's West to millions of people worldwide.

Cody died in 1917 and is buried on Lookout Mountain near Denver, Colorado.
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Lucretia Borgia
This rifle is the same model as Buffalo Bill's favorite hunting rifle. He took the name from Victor Hugo's play "Lucretia Borgia," popular in the United States during the 1860s. It told the story of the Italian noblewoman Lucrezia Borgia (1480-1519) who was rumored to have murdered members of her own family for political gain. The name of the "pretty poisoner" seemed like a good, deadly label for a gun.

Shown here [a photo on the marker] at actual size, this gun is a .50/70 caliber Springfield model 1866 "trapdoor" rifle. The trapdoor mechanism (or 2nd Allin conversion) changed the model 1863 Civil War muzzle-loading musket into a breechloader which took metallic cartridges. It weight over 11 pounds when loaded.

This gun is on display at the Fick Fossil Museum in Oakley.
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Gold!
In 1859 gold was discovered in the far western reaches of Kansas Territory near what is now Denver, Colorado. Most of the gold rushers followed the Platte River through Nebraska, but prospectors and promoters in eastern Kansas claimed that a trail along the Smoky Hill River would be shorter and faster.

They never claimed it would be safer, however.

The Smoky Hill River Valley had long been a hunting ground for native peoples, but there was no clearly marked trail. Wood and grazing were plentiful for travelers, but the Smoky Hill often runs dry. The first gold seekers often found themselves lost, thirsty, and under attack.

In 1860 a promoter named Green Russell surveyed a road from Leavenworth to Denver. The route became more practical, but it saw few travelers until 1865 when Col. David Butterfield established a stagecoach line, the Butterfield Overland Dispatch, over the 592 miles between Leavenworth and Denver. Butterfield built stations every 12 miles. There were four in Logan County including one at Russell Springs south of Oakley, home now to the Butterfield Trail Museum.

The Butterfield line operated under various owners until 1870 when the Kansas-Pacific Railroad was completed to Denver.
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The Kansas Pacific Railroad
It was not until after the Civil War that America's great unifying endeavor, the building of the Transcontinental Railroad, actually began. The chosen route followed the Platte River, north of Kansas. By 1867, citizens in the growing city of Denver demanded a direct link to Kansas City, and Texas cattlemen clamored for closer shipping depots.

Construction began quickly, and cowboys just as quickly began driving their herds north to railheads at Abilene, Dodge City, and points west. By 1868 the rails had reached Sheridan, just west of Oakley.

When funds ran short and construction stalled, Sheridan became a rough camp of canvas-covered dugouts. It was a haven for heavy-drinking buffalo hunters, railroad laborers, outlaws, and horse traders, and it was a watering hole for soldiers patrolling the dangerous no-man's land between Fort Hays and Fort Wallace. It was at Sheridan that Buffalo Bill raffled off his horse Brigham.

And it was 20 miles east of Sheridan where the great buffalo hunting contest between Bill Cody and Billy Comstock is said to have begun.

(Animals • Entertainment • Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 10 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Cub Creek Church

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Virginia, Charlotte County, near Charlotte Court House
Six miles south is Cub Creek Presbyterian Church, the oldest church in this section. The neighborhood was known as the Caldwell Settlement for John Caldwell, grandfather of John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. About 1738 he brought here a colony of Scotch-Irish and obtained permission to establish a church.

(Churches, Etc. • Colonial Era • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Crossing of the Dan Monument

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Virginia, Halifax County, South Boston
In honor of those who crossed the Dan here February 13-14 1781

Honoring the citizens of Halifax County who revived Greene's American army

In admiration of General Nathaniel Greene's military genius

With gratitude to those who fought for our Nation's freedom

(Patriots & Patriotism • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Annie Oakley

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Kansas, Logan County, Oakley


At a time when shooting was America's second most popular spectator sport (after horse racing), Annie Oakley (1860-1926) was the superstar. She was born Phoebe Ann Moses in Darke County, Ohio. Her family was extremely poor, and she learned to shoot game to help support them.

Annie met the love of her life, sharpshooter Frank Butler, when at age 15 she beat him in a shooting match.

When Frank made her part of his shooting act, she took the stage name "Annie Oakley." The great Sioux leader Sitting Bull adopted her, Buffalo Bill made her famous, and England's Queen Victoria called her "a clever little girl."

She was the star of the Wild West show for 17 years, from 1885 through 1901.

Annie Oakley had a passion for the outdoors. She was a bicyclist and a superb horsewoman, and she loved hunting with her bird dog, Dave. With a shotgun she showed that women could compete successfully in a man's sport. Not content to be simply a role model, she made a crusade out of teaching women and girls to shoot.

Aim at a high mark, and you will hit it. No, not the first time, nor the second time, and maybe not the third. But keep on aiming, and keep on shooting, for only practice will make you perfect. Finally, you will hit the bull's-eye of success.
- Annie Oakley's motto

Oakley [Kansas] was not named for Annie Oakley - not exactly. The town had several names as it evolved from a railroad camp to a modern transportation and farming center -- Blaisville, Carlyle, Cleveland, and then Gilmore. Finally, in 1886 entrepreneur D. D. Hoag organized a town company named, he said, in honor of his mother, Eliza Oakley Gardner Hoag. Still, it couldn't hurt that Annie Oakley was already becoming one of the most famous women in America.

Annie's motto is the perfect sentiment for the town and the region. High ideals, hard work, and persistence - not to mention a touch of adventure and a love of the outdoors - have characterized Oakley and the people who call it home.

(Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Danville Confederate Soldier's Monument

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Virginia, Danville
Danville, Virginia
1878

Gen. Robert E. Lee
Confederate dead memorial tribute of Virginia's daughters to the fallen brave.

Gen. Thomas J. Jackson
They died as men who nobly contend for the cause of truth and right. "They softly and sweetly sleep."

Patriots!
Know that these fell in the effort to establish just government and perpetuate constitutional liberty. Who thus die, will live in lofty example.

Quidquid ex his amavimus, quidquid mirati sumus, manet mansurumque est in animis hominum, in aeternitate temporum, fama rerum.

[Anything out of those we have loved, whatever we admired, would continue to remain in the hearts of men, in the eternity of time, the reputation of things.]

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Revolution in the Mohawk Valley

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New York, Herkimer County, near Little Falls
During the American Revolution, almost half of the military actions in New York State occurred along the strategic corridor of the Mohawk Valley. In 1777 British, Native American and Loyalist battalions attacked from the west and north. Defeats at Fort Stanwix and elsewhere forced a British surrender at Saratoga, the war's turning point.

The bloodshed at Oriskany in 1777 was one of many encounters between former neighbors on the battlefield. In this region the Revolution was a civil war that divided families and communities, both European and Native American. Many stayed loyal to the British King and were forced to move, forfeiting their property. The remainder took up arms or struggled to remain neutral.

For seven long years enemy raids terrorized the Mohawk Valley, periodically burning the fertile farms of this "bread basket" of New York. By 1783, the region had been reduced to little more than fortified homesteads, militia posts and abandoned fields.

Explore the many sides of America's revolution for independence. Visit the Revolutionary War Heritage Trail sites of the Mohawk Valley Heritage Corridor.

[Revolutionary War Heritage Sites by Regions]:

Western Region
1. Shako:wi Oneida Cultural Center, Oneida
2. Fort Stanwix National Monument, Rome
3. Oriskany Battlefield State Historic Site, Oriskany
4. Steuben Memorial State Historic Site, Remsen
5. Oneida County Historical Society, Utica
6. Herkimer County Historical Society, Herkimer
7. Fort Herkimer Church, German Flatts
8. Herkimer Home State Historic Site, Little Falls
9. Indian Castle Church, Danube

Central Region
10. Margaret Reaney Memorial Library, St. Johnsville
11. Nellis Tavern, St. Johnsville 12. Fort Klock, St. Johnsville 13. Fort Plain Museum, Fort Plain
14. Palatine Church, Town of Palatine
15. Stone Arabia Preservation Society, Stone Arabia
16. Van Alstyne Homestead, Canajoharie
17. Cherry Valley Museum, Cherry Valley
18. Johnstown: Johnson Hall State Historic Site, Battle of Johnstown, Drumm House, Tryon County Courthouse, Fort Johnstown
19. Montgomery Co. History & Archives, Fonda
20. Old Fort Johnson, Fort Johnson
21. Guy Park, Amsterdam
22. Old Stone Fort Museum, Schoharie
23. Palatine House, Schoharie
24. Battle of Flockey, Fultonham

Eastern Region
25. Mabee Farm, Rotterdam Junction
26. Schenectady Stockade, Schenectady
27. Philip Schuyler Country House, Schuylerville
28. Saratoga National Historical Park, Stillwater
29. Van Schaick Mansion, Cohoes
30. Crailo State Historic Site, Rensselaer
31. Albany: Schuyler Mansion State Historic Site, Ten Broeck Mansion


(Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Henry G. Conner

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North Carolina, Wilson County, Wilson

Justice of N.C. Supreme
Court; Federal District
Judge; state legislator.
Grave is 3.5 mi. west.

(Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Courtland

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Minnesota, Nicollet County, Courtland

1855 - First settlers were Jacob Harmon, Mr. Haresine, John Sidel, Jacob Gfeller, & Ole Nelson - Most of the early settlers came from Germany.
1856 - Village of Red Stone, near the ferry, was surveyed but never developed.
1856 - Hilo post office established in home of Wm. Duprey - Appointed postmaster.
1858 - Township and village surveyed - 7 years later was renamed Courtland.
1859 - Lutheran church was organized.
1862 - 9 people were murdered in the Sioux Uprising.
1882 - There were 3 general stores - harness shop - wagon shop - hotel & grain elevator.
Nicollet County Bicentennial Commission

(Settlements & Settlers • Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

David J. Jones

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Wisconsin, Columbia County, Cambria
This memorial is dedicated to the life of David J. Jones

Born in Cambria, WI, June 20, 1880. Davy grew up in Cambria playing baseball with well known local players such as the Dodge Brothers, Willard and Ben. Davy was an aggressive leadoff hitter, known for his quickness. His major league career spanned from 1901 to 1915. On Sept. 15, 1901 he made his major league debut with the Milwaukee Brewers of the newly formed American League. Davy also played for the St. Louis Browns, Chicago Cubs, Detroit Tigers, Chicago White Sox and Pittsburgh Rebels. The Tigers trio of Davy Jones, Ty Cobb and Sam Crawford formed one of the greatest outfields in baseball history. He was elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 1964.

(Sports) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Common

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New Hampshire, Grafton County, Plymouth
In 1892 voters established this Park and voted to improve and ornament it. In 1905 the town built a bandstand designed by FW Bulfinch for use by the John Keniston Band. At G. Clarks urging, in 1932 the Pemigewasset Women’s Club created a Boy Scout statue (1 of 2 in USA), sculpted by GH Borst and donated by DW Burrows. The boulder base came from the Baker River. A plaque notes the inspiration Nathaniel Hawthorne drew from Plymouth. The Common remains a work in progress of a proud community.

(Charity & Public Work) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Soldiers of Ashland Memorial

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New Hampshire, Grafton County, Ashland
In Memory of the Soldiers of Ashland in the War. 1861-1865. Erected by the town. G.M. Keye’s Post G.A.R. and Woman’s Relief Corps. Dedicated May 30th 1899. Town Committee: Thomas E. Greney-6th N. H. Vol’s, Frank L. Hughes-12th N. H. Vol’s, Edward P. Warner-14th Ind. Vol’s

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Monument Rocks

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Kansas, Logan County, Oakley


Over 100 million years ago, during the cretaceous era, Kansas was covered by a vast ocean. Dramatic natural features, such as the Monument Rocks, are remains of that ancient seabed.

Since the 1870s, fossil hunters have searched the chalk beds and limestone hillsides of the Smoky Hill River region for the remains of ancient creatures. They have made some of the most significant discoveries in North American paleontology. Among the most astonishing finds were flying reptiles with a 30-foot wingspan known as pteranodons. They surprised scientists because, unlike other flying reptiles, their beaks and hollow bones seemed to make them the ancestors of birds.

A Real Life Jurasic [sic] Park
The first scientific explorers in Kansas were looking for dinosaurs! Paleontologists and bone hunters competed with each other to discover new types of fossils. The competition between two of them -- Professor Edwin D. Cope (1840-1897) of Harvard, and Professor Othniel C. Marsh (1831-1899) of Yale -- was so fierce that their rivalry in the 1870s and 1880s was called "the Bone Wars."

The army often provided escorts for the scientists. Buffalo Bill once guided Othniel Marsh on an expedition through western Nebraska. Like other frontiersmen, Cody even made extra money by finding fossils and shipping them to museums back east!

Many of the greatest discoveries were made in western Kansas by Charles H. Sternberg (1850-1943). He and his sons George (1883-1969), Charles M. (1885-1981), and Levi (1894-1976) were the first to find and identify several species of cretaceous life. Fossils excavated by the Sternbergs are part of major museum collections throughout the United States and Europe, including the Fick Fossil & History Museum in Oakley and the Sternberg Museum at Hays. Approximately 20 miles south of Oakley, near the Smoky Hill River, please visit the Monument Rocks and see local fossil remains at the Keystone Gallery.

(Exploration • Paleontology) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Site of First Quaker Regional Gathering

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Maryland, Anne Arundel County, Churchton
Site of
First Quaker Regional Gathering
In Maryland
By George Fox in 1672
Ann of Arundell Chapter, MD.
National Society of Colonial
Dames XVII Century
1999


(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Churches, Etc. • Colonial Era) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

George Hoyt Whipple

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New Hampshire, Grafton County, Ashland
Nearby, on Pleasant Street, is the birthplace and childhood home of George Hoyt Whipple, pathologist, researcher and teacher. Dr. Whipple’s most significant research led to the development of the liver therapy for pernicious anemia. For his work, he shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1934.

(Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Boston, Concord, & Montreal Railroad

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New Hampshire, Grafton County, Ashland
The Boston, Concord & Montreal Railroad was chartered in 1844. Construction of the main line began in Concord in 1846. The tracks were completed to Laconia in 1848, to Ashland in 1849, and to Wells River, Vermont in 1853. The B. C&M RR merged with the Concord Railroad in 1889 to form the Concord & Montreal & Maine Railroad in 1895. The B. C&M RR and its branch lines contributed greatly to the economic development of central and northern New Hampshire and to the growth of tourism in the Lakes Region and the White Mountains.

(Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Everett Southworth Horton

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Massachusetts, Bristol County, Attleboro
Everett Southworth Horton Born June 15th 1836 - Died June 3 1911

Major Everett Southworth Horton was born in Attleborough Mass. on June 15, 1836. He attended public schools until the age of sixteen, when he began working in his father's store, where he eventually became the owner. He operated the business successfully until April of 1862, when he sold it and enlisted in the Army. Horton served in many famous Civil War battles including, The Battle of the Wilderness, The Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, The Battle of Cold Harbor and The Battle of Petersburg. During this time, Horton attained the rank of Major. He was commanding the 58th regiment when he was captured and taken prisoner on September 30, 1864 during the battle of Poplar Springs Church. He spent five days at Libby Prison in Richmond, Va., before he was sent to the Confederate prisons in Salisbury N.C. and Danville Va. He was sent back to Libby in January 1865, where he remained until his release in February of that year.

After the war, Major Horton returned to Attleboro where he became a partner in the Horton Angell Jewelry Co. He became Chairman of the Attleboro Board of Selectman and later served in both the Massachusetts House of Representatives and Senate. Major Horton was one of the founders of the Attleboro Public Library and the Attleboro Trust Co. His portrait hangs in the library's reading room. He was also keenly interested in veteran affairs as a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and head of its Attleboro Post. Never forgetting the horror and cruelty of the POW camps, Maj. Horton was determined to memorialize those who suffered and perished.

In 1899, as head of an ex-POW group, he was instrumental in petitioning the Massachusetts Legislature to erect a monument on the site of the Andersonville Ga. prison, in memory of the 767 Massachusetts soldiers that died there during the war. He was included in the memorial's planning commission and attended the dedication ceremony in 1901.

Everett Southworth Horton passed away on June 3, 1911 at the age of 74.

The City of Attleboro dedicates this facility in memory and in honor of Everett Southworth Horton, Civil War Hero, Business Man and Civic Leader.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Major Thomas J. Deegan Memorial Bridge

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Massachusetts, Bristol County, Attleboro
Major Thomas J. Deegan Memorial Bridge Dedicated November 11, 1963

Major Thomas J Deegan, United States Air Force, Born August 1, 1925 in Attleboro, Massachusetts, who, in the service of his country, sacrificed his life to spare the lives of others at Midwest City, Oklahoma on September 9, 1962,

(Bridges & Viaducts • Military) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Soldiers and Sailors Monument

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Massachusetts, Middlesex County, Lowell
Dedicated Sept. 2, 1905 to the memory of the veterans of the Civil War and Spanish Wars. The erection of this monument is largely the efforts of the Women connected with the patriotic organizations of the veterans. This spot was set aside for Soldiers and Sailors burial lots by Mayor A.R. Dimon and Trustees Stevens and Mountford in 1902 and deeded to the Memorial Association by Mayor James B. Casey and Trustees in 1905, Stevens and Griffiths.

(War, Spanish-American • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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