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The Crusaders

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Israel, Haifa District, Acre
On their way to Jerusalem in 1099, the Crusaders killed the Jewish 'infidels' and destroyed many communities, among which were in the communities of Speyer, Worms and Magenza. In memory of those who perished the prayer "Merciful Father" was composed, which has been recited each Sabbath by the Ashkenazi communities.

(Disasters • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

William McKinley Birthplace

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Ohio, Trumbull County, Niles
Side A: One of seven native Ohioans to serve as president of the United States, William McKinley (1843-1901) was born at this site. The original house was moved from this site and ultimately destroyed by fire. The McKinleys lived here until 1852 when they moved to Poland, Ohio, where William attended the Poland Seminary. He briefly attended Allegheny College in Pennsylvania, but poor health and family financial strain forced him to return to Ohio. As an enlistee in the 23rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry during the Civil War, McKinley rose to the rank of major. After the war, he settled in Canton and practiced law. Elected to Congress in 1876, McKinley favored high protective tariffs, a policy he continued to support as President.
Side B: As governor of Ohio from 1892 to 1896, he introduced a comprehensive tax system that levied excise tax on corporations, improved state roadways, and enacted a law establishing a state board of arbitration. McKinley won the presidential election of 1896 convincingly. During his first term the nation was adopting imperialistic policies. The U.S. took possession of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Phillipines following the Spanish-American War (1898), and McKinley encouraged American interest in China and suggested the possibility of a canal linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. In part due to his economic policy and support of the gold standard, McKinley was elected to a second term. Six months after his inauguration in 1901, he was shot by an assassin at the Pan American Exposition in Buffalo. He died on September 14 from complications of the gunshot wounds.

(Politics • War, Spanish-American) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Leicester King / The Underground Railroad on the Warren-Ashtabula Turnpike

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Ohio, Trumbull County, Warren
Leicester King Born in Connecticut in 1789, Judge Leicester King and his wife Julia Ann Huntington King, moved to Warren in 1817 from Westfield, Massachusetts. He was one of the principle promoters of the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal, which connected Ohio's eastern border with the Ohio and Erie Canal in Akron. In 1834, he presided over the first meeting of the newly-formed Ohio Anti-Slavery Society's convention in Putnam, Ohio, in Muskingum County.
Soon, King achieved prominence in Trumbull County and was elected as a judge, then an Ohio state senator, twice nominated for governor on the Liberty Party ticket. While in the Ohio Senate, he was an outspoken opponent of Ohio's "Black Laws."
Judge and Mrs. King built their house in 1828, near the banks of the Mahoning River along the right-of-way of the old Warren-Ashtabula Turnpike. It is no longer standing. Judge King was an active Underground Railroad conductor in the mysteries of Ohio's Underground Railroads, Wilbur Siebert notes that on one occasion, Judge King was responsible for transporting passengers to Painesville.

The Underground Railroad on the Warren-Ashtabula Turnpike In the early day, Route 45 was one of the most active routes on the Underground Railroad.
Known as the Warren-Ashtabula Turnpike, from Wellsville, Ohio to Ashtabula, Ohio it ran along this important route, many runaways found food, shelter and safety from the many sympathetic abolitionists in Trumbull County who stood strongly and boldly against slavery and were not afraid to offer assistance when needed.
Two of the most important factors that distinguished the Warren-Ashtabula Turnpike (Route 45) as a significant part of the Underground Railroad is its direct link to Ashtabula Harbor and its many agents and friends that lived along the way that were not afraid to boldly stand and assist in the fugitive slaves stand for freedom.

(Abolition & Underground RR • Politics) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

New Ulm

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Minnesota, Brown County, New Ulm
In 1851, leaders of the Dakota Nation signed the Treaty of Traverse des Sioux with the United States Government. This treaty opened new lands in Minnesota Territory for settlement. Two years later, German immigrants in Chicago, led by Frederick Beinhorn, formed the Chicago Land Society. They sent Athanasius Henle, Frank Massopust, Christian Ludwig Meyer, and Alois Palmer to search for a suitable site for a town. On Oct. 7, 1854, the scouting party selected an ideal location near the confluence of the Minnesota and Cottonwood rivers. The site was recommended by a French fur trader, Joseph La Framboise.

In May of 1855, members of the Chicago group reorganized as the "German Land Association of Minnesota." They named the site "New Ulm" because many original settlers came from the vicinity of Ulm in Württemberg, Germany. The following year they filed on 16 quarter-sections of land. At this time, members of the Turner Colonization Society of Cincinnati arrived in New Ulm seeking land for a German Colony. The two groups agreed to merge and incorporated the town of New Ulm on March 6, 1857.

The careful planning of the first settlers is evident in New Ulm today. Wide tree-lined streets, spacious boulevards, and numerous parks and public areas are part of their original plan. The town survived the catastrophes of the Dakota War (1862), a tornado (1881), grasshopper plaques and crop failures. The City of New Ulm, nestled in the Minnesota River Valley, remains full of old-world charm and tradition, a tribute to the pioneering vision of its founders.

Erected by the Brown County Historical Society
and City of New Ulm. 1994


(Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Seymour Johnson Air Force Base

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North Carolina, Goldsboro

Field used, 1942-46, for
flight training by Army
Air Forces; reopened in
1956. Named for Seymour
Johnson, naval aviator
and Goldsboro native.

(Air & Space) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Worst Piece of Road

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Kansas, Ford County, near Howell


For 60 years, this prairie soil was torn by the hooves of mules, oxen, and horses, and compacted by the weight of the large freight wagons they pulled. The wagons of a caravan traveled four abreast to avoid dust and to quickly form defensive circles. They moved over when tracks became too deep or muddy, creating additional parallel ruts.

Today, shouts and cracks of the bullwhackers' whips, and the rattling of the harness and wagons have fallen silent. The depth of the ruts has dwindled due to wind and rain, but their continued existence attests to the thousands of people, wagons, horses, mules, oxen, and carriages that used this great highway.

"Sunday, September 11, 1825.
Morning calm and cool....The Waggons were obliged to turn out into the High Prairie, and go round a considerable distance to get past this rugged Bluff....Altogether, I believe this is the worst piece of Road we have had since we left Ft. Osage."

- George Sibley
U.S. surveyor of road to Santa Fe

Look for long, wide depressions, different vegetation, and water courses running at odd angles at places where "bridges' in the path span ruts. They are easiest to see when the sun is low.

(Communications • Industry & Commerce • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Jacob Nix Platz

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Minnesota, Brown County, New Ulm
Jacob Nix from Bingen Am Rhein in Germany was a key figure in the defense of New Ulm in 1862. Born in 1822, Nix early joined the push for a united Germany under a republican form of government. During the ill-fated 1848 Revolution, Nix served as Captain in the revolutionary "Free Corps." Captured, charged with high treason, and sentenced to be shot as a revolutionary, Nix escaped. Like many German "48ers", he emigrated to America.

In 1855, at a national convention of German-American Turners, Nix enthusiastically supported William Pfaender's proposal to establish a German Turner colony on the Minnesota frontier. Three years later, the Nix family joined Pfaender and friends in the settlement of New Ulm.

When the Dakota Conflict flared up in 1862, the sheriff appointed Nix as Commandant of New Ulm to protect the frontier city. His military know-how helped Nix hastily organize the battle by barricading three downtown blocks. In the heat of the 1st Battle of New Ulm (Aug 19), Captain Nix had a finger shot off but continued to lead the barricaded settlers in repulsing a fierce Dakota attack.

His public service continued in the U.S. Army (1862-1864), as city Assessor (1875-76), and for five terms as Town Clerk. Patriot, soldier, and public servant, Jacob Nix personified the spirit of the German Forty-Eighters: "For liberty by word and deed in the Old Country and in the New!" (from the Hecker Monument in Cincinnati, Ohio: Mit Wort und Tat fuer Volksfreiheit im Alten und neuen Vaterland!)

Sponsored by
City of New Ulm and
New Ulm Area Foundation

(Patriots & Patriotism • Settlements & Settlers • Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

446th Bomb Group

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Georgia, Chatham County, Pooler

8th Air Force
World War II
The D-Day Leaders

B-24 Liberator
Heavy Bomber

Dedicated To The 447
Who Gave Their Lives
In The Cause Of Freedom
"Bungay Buckaroos"
              704th                705th
Bomb Squadron   Bomb Squadron
              706th                707th
Bomb Squadron   Bomb Squadron

(Back side)

Remembering All Who Served
Detachment "A" 1248th MP Co (AVN)
460th Sub-Depot Class I
558th Army Postal Unit
559th Army Postal Unit
2957th Finance Detachment
212th Finance Section
2035th Engineer Aviation Fire Fighting Platoon
1214th Qm Co Service Group AVNM (RS)
Detatchment "A" 885th Chemical Co
25th Station Complement Squadron (SP)
260th Medical Dispensary AVN (RS)
378th Air Service Group
Group HQ & HQ Squadron
815th Air Engineering Squadron
639th Material Squadron
1821st Ordnance Supply & Maintenence Co (AVN)

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Crusader Fortress of the Knights of the Hospital and the Ottoman-Turkish Citadel of Akko

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Israel, Haifa District, Acre
On this site, in the 12th-13th century, towered the fortress of the Order of the Knights of the Hospital of Saint John (the "Hospitallers") who were based in Akko (Acre) until the Muslim conquest of the city in 1291. Over the ruins of the fortress, which was reconstructed by the Ottoman Turks in the 17th and 18th centuries, was built the Citadel and Palace of the Governors Akko. In the mid-19th century the Ottoman authorities added here a large prison.

Under the British Administration (1918-1948) these buildings served as Government offices and were the largest prison in Palestine. Among those incarcerated there were also the fighters of the Jewish underground. After the Establishment of the State of Israel, until 1985 part of the building complex housed as a mental Hospital.

(Anthropology • Forts, Castles) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Amherst County/Rockbridge County

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Virginia, Amherst County, near Glasgow
Amherst County: Formed in 1781 from Albemarle, and named for Jeffrey, Lord Amherst, British commander in the French and Indian War. Balcony Falls are in this county.

Rockbridge County: Formed in 1778 from Augusta and Botetourt, and named for the Natural Bridge. Samuel Houston and Cyrus H. McCormick were born in this county. Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson are buried in Lexington. Washington and Lee University are the Virginia Military Institute are there.

(Political Subdivisions) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Eugene St. Julien Cox House

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Minnesota, Nicollet County, St. Peter
In 1871, Eugene St. Julien Cox, a man of eccentric tastes and "great vigor of mind" built this picturesque neo-Gothic Italianate house noted for its towered cupola, small balconies, and carved eaves.

Cox began his law career in 1857 and built a thriving practice in the frontier village of St. Peter. After brief service as a Union officer in the Civil War, Cox enrolled fifty men into the "Frontier Avengers" and led this unit in the defense of New Ulm during the Dakota War of 1862.

After the wars, the "affable and genial and always daintly dressed" Cox was elected St. Peter's first mayor. This was followed by his election to the Minnesota Legislature, first as a representative, later as a senator. In 1877, he was elected judge of the ninth judicial district. Within four years the Minnesota House impeached Judge Cox and the Senate organized a high court for trial purposes. He was mainly charged with intoxication "caused by the voluntary and immoderate use of intoxicating liquors, which disqualified him for discharge of his official duties." In 1882, after a sensational five-month trial which included seventeen hundred pages of testimony and a petition for acquittal signed by four thousand people, Judge Cox was convicted and removed from his office as district judge by a bare two-thirds vote of the Minnesota Senate. Nine years later, the legislature passed a resolution "vacating, annulling, and expunging all the proceedings of the impeachment and trial." Nevertheless, a few years later, E. St. Julien Cox left Minnesota and died in Los Angeles on November 3, 1898.

The house remained in the Cox family until 1969, when it was donated to the Nicollet County Historical Society for preservation and restoration. In 1969, this property received the first grant awarded by the Minnesota Historical Society, as a part of the newly created State Grants In-Aid program, created for the preservation and restoration of Minnesota's historical sites.

seal of The Minnesota Historical Society, Instituted 1849
Erected by the Minnesota Historical Society
1999


(Man-Made Features • Politics • Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Ancient Village of Nazareth

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Israel, Northern District, Nazareth
What is left of the ancient village consist of a network of grottoes and bits of walls form various historical periods. Going backwards in time we found first the remains of the XVII century Franciscan monastery, then the palace of the crusader archbishop of Nazareth and the humble homes with some parts datable up to the VIII cent. B.C.

The parts that were carved out of the soft local rock are the best preserved: cistern for storing rainwater, silos set on different levels for storing foodstuff, a winepress, cellars for full jars, stables with mangers for the live stock, a bread oven.

The part farthest to the east is traditionally known as the "Virgin's kitchen" because of its proximity to the sacred grotto.

(Anthropology • Churches, Etc. • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Houston Tavern

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New York, Monroe County, Clarkson
A popular stopping place in stage coach days. Built soon after 1825 for Isaac Houston who was the sole proprietor for many years.

(Industry & Commerce • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Henry Martin House - 1829

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New York, Monroe County, Brockport
Placed on the National Register of Historical Places by the United States Department of the Interior

(Man-Made Features • Notable Buildings • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Home of Simeon B. Jewett

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New York, Monroe County, Brockport
Home of Simeon B. Jewett 1801-1869 Political leader, jurist, partner of Henry R. Selden, U.S. Marshal, Northern N.Y. under President Buchanan.

(Notable Buildings • Politics) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

State Street

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New York, Orleans County, Holley
100 years ago, Italian immigrants first settled here. This was Holley's "Little Italy," a rich part of our American heritage. Dedicated October 12 1992

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Journalist, Terry Anderson

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New York, Orleans County, Albion
Journalist, Terry Anderson Grew up in this neighborhood during the 1950's. He was taken hostage in 1985 by Middle East terrorists and held prisoner 2545 days.

(Heroes) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

George M. Pullman, 1831-97

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New York, Orleans County, Albion
Once a resident of Albion and later manufacturer of Pullman R.R. cars, built this church in 1894 to the memory of his parents.

(Charity & Public Work • Churches, Etc. • Man-Made Features • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Christ Episcopal Church

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New York, Orleans County, Albion
Since 1844, erected in 1830 by Presbyterians, it is the oldest church building in Orleans County still being used for worship services.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Orleans County Courthouse

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New York, Orleans County, Albion
Erected 1857-58 for $20,000 in the Greek Revival Style. Building Comm: Lyman Bates, Henry King, Charles Baker. Architect: Wm. V.N. Barlow

(Government) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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