Quantcast
Channel: The Historical Marker Database - New Entries
Viewing all 103659 articles
Browse latest View live

The Lone Sailor

$
0
0
California, Los Angeles County, Long Beach
The Lone Sailor
Stanley Bleifeld
1984
U.S. Navy Memorial

(Patriots & Patriotism • War, World II • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fresno Assembly Center

$
0
0
California, Fresno County, Fresno
This memorial is dedicated to over 5,000 Americans of Japanese ancestry who were confined at the Fresno Fairgrounds from May to October 1942. This was an early phase of the mass incarceration of over 120,000 Japanese Americans during World War II pursuant to Executive Order 9066. They were detained without charges, trial or establishment of guilt. May such injustice and suffering never recur.

(Asian Americans • Notable Places • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Blackbird Air Park

$
0
0
California, Los Angeles County, Palmdale
[Panel #1] Blackbird Wind Tunnel Model
(One-Twelfth Scale)

Aircraft models such as this are used in high-speed wind tunnels to test aerodynamic shapes, stresses, and temperatures. This particular model was used for testing all three versions of the Blackbird--the A-12, YF-12, and SR-71--through the use of different nose sections. It is displayed with an SR-71 nose section installed. The nose section on the left is a YF-12 and the one on the right is an A-12.

[Panel #2] Pratt & Whitney J58
(JT11D-20)

Originally developed by Pratt & Whitney in 1956 to fill a U.S. Navy requirement for an aircraft capable of dash speeds up to Mach 3. After the Navy abandoned the project, Lockheed and Pratt & Whitney worked together to develop the engine for the A-12 (Blackbird prototype). The J58 was designed to operate continuously at the high compressor inlet temperature (CIT) associated with high Mach number flight at extreme altitude. At speeds above 1600 mph, the J58 essentially becomes a ramjet with a majority of the thrust developing from airflow through a combination of variable geometry supersonic inlets, bypass doors, and ejector flaps. Preparation for display by the 6510 CRS Propulsion Branch.

This engine is on loan from the USAF Museum Program.

[Panel #3] J58 Engine Starter Cart
(Early Buick Type)

This cart was developed originally for the A-12 Blackbird and was used later on the SR-71 until replaced by the Chevy-powered version (on display under the SR-71). it used two Buick "Wildcat" V8 racing car engines, linked together through a common gearbox, to deliver power to the starter drive shaft of the aircraft engine. More than 600 hp from the two engines was required to "spool up" the J58 to about 3,400 rpm for starting.

[Panel #4] J58 Engine Starter Cart
AG-300/AG-330

This cart was used to start the J58 engines on the SR-71 Blackbird. Two Chevy 454 cu in engines with automatic transmissions were hooked together to power a hydraulic pump which operated the system. A probe extended upward into a starting pad on the J58, providing torque for turning the engine which was then chemically started with tetraethyl borane (TEB).

This unit, affectionately known as "Black Beauty," was dressed up and used by the 9th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing to provide SR-71 engine starts at airshows worldwide.

POWER: Two 454 Chevy V8s with Turb-Hydramatic 400 transmissions
WEIGHT: 51800 lbs
TORQUE: 700 ft lbs maximum
MAX RPM: Engine - 5200 Probe - 6916 Jet Rotor Shaft - 339

[Panel #5] Lockheed A-12
The A-12 was the proof-of-concept vehicle for the SR-71/YF-12 family of "Blackbirds." It was the 12th in a series of designs for a U-2 replacement from Kelly Johnson's "Skunk Works" at Lockheed, hence the designation "A-12." Although its operational service is shrouded in secrecy, research indicates the A-12 was used in covert operations by the CIA during the 1960s.

Of the fifteen A-12's produced, this is the prototype aircraft, #60-6924--the first one built and flown. It completed its maiden flight on 26 April 1962 with Lockheed test pilot Louis Schalk at the controls (it did, however, momentarily lift off during a high-speed taxi check two days earlier). Restoration courtesy of Lockheed Advanced Development Company.

This aircraft is on loan from the USAF Museum Program.

[Panel #6] Lockheed D-21 Drone
The D-21 was an unmanned, ramjet-powered craft designed to be air--launched from atop an A-12 (redesigned M-21) mother ship. It was conceived as a reconnaissance platform that would fly over high-threat targets without endangering a pilot. After acquiring photos of its target, the D-21 would return to a safe area and eject a hatch containing the reconnaissance equipment. As the hatch was lowered by parachute, it would be recovered in mid-air by a JC-130B Hercules. The project was terminated after a fatal accident on the fourth test launch. Four operational missions were later flown from B-52 launch aircraft. This D-21 is on loan from NASA.

[Panel #7] Lockheed SR-71A
The SR-71A reached a speed of Mach 1.5 during the maiden flight from Plant 42 on Dec 22, 1964. After extensive flight testing at nearby Edwards AFB, the Blackbird entered operational service with the Strategic Air Command (SAC) in Jan 1966 at Beale AFB, California. Primary overseas operating locations were Kadena AB, Japan and RAF Mildenhall, England. On Mar 6 1990, and SR-71 set a transcontinental coast-to-coast record, flying 2,404 statute miles in 68 min 17 sec.

This aircraft #61-7973, was delivered to SAC in 1968. it served its entire career in operational reconnaissance with the 9th SRW. It's last flight was July 21, 1987 from Mildenhall to Plant 42. it has 1729.9 total flying hours. Restoration courtesy of Lockheed Advanced Development Company.

This aircraft is on loan from the USAF Museum Program.

(Air & Space • War, Cold) Includes location, directions, 47 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Hampton Plantation

$
0
0
Georgia, Glynn County, St. Simons Island
In 1774 Major Pierce Butler of South Carolina purchased Hampton Point in northwestern St. Simons Island, and by the 1790s Hampton was developed into the island's largest cotton plantation in land and slave population. Signer of the Constitution and member of the new U. S. Senate, Butler moved from Charleston to Philadelphia. In 1838 Major Butler’s grandson, Pierce Butler, and his abolitionist wife, British actress Fanny Kemble, traveled to Georgia to inspect the Butler plantations. She wrote a scathing account that was published during the Civil War, creating much sensation in the North and in England. In 1859, to cover mounting debts, 436 slaves from Butler’s Georgia plantations were sold in Savannah, an event known as “The Weeping Time.”

(African Americans • Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Site of the Valenzuela Adobe

$
0
0
California, Orange County, San Juan Capistrano
Antonio Valenzuela, early pioneer of the town of San Juan Capistrano, built the adobe in the early 1840s, probably on the ruins of a mission Indian adobe dating to the 1790s. Later Valenzuela family members worked as local cowboys or vaqueros. The adobe was damaged by fire in 1879; rebuilt ca. 1900, some portions endured until the 1960s. This site was also occupied by several thousand years ago by ancestors of the Juaneno (Acagchemen) Indians, as shown by artifacts recovered during 1988 excavations.

(Hispanic Americans • Notable Places • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Montanez Adobe

$
0
0
California, Orange County, San Juan Capistrano
Constructed in 1794 as one of forty adobes built to house mission Indians. Named for Polonia Montanez, a nineteenth century resident. Owned by Mr. and Mrs. Forrest Dunivin. Preserved by San Juan Capistrano Historical Society. Restored in 1981 by City of San Juan Capistrano and County of Orange.

(Hispanic Americans • Notable Buildings • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Combs House

$
0
0
California, Orange County, San Juan Capistrano
Built in 1878 in Forester City (near San Onofre). Moved to San Juan Capistrano in 1882, it has served as a general store, post office and residence.

(Notable Buildings • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

O'Neill Museum

$
0
0
California, Orange County, San Juan Capistrano
Built in the 1880's, this Victorian house was one of the town's first wooden buildings. It was moved from its original location across the tracks and about a block south. The building was restored in 1979.

(Notable Buildings • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Garcia Adobe

$
0
0
California, Orange County, San Juan Capistrano
Built in the 1840's by Manuel Garcia, it originally had a second story over only half of the ground floor. In 1880 the remaining space was covered by a second floor and a balcony was added. It was a post office in the 1870's, a hotel from 1880 to 1903, and a general store from 1903 to 1918.

(Hispanic Americans • Notable Buildings • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Domingo Yorba Adobe

$
0
0
California, Orange County, San Juan Capistrano
This 1830 structure is typical of San Juan Capistrano adobes of this period; thick walls and a wood shingle roof. The house was purchased by Domingo Oyharzabal in 1880 and occupied by his family for over 100 years.

(Hispanic Americans • Notable Buildings • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Egan House

$
0
0
California, Orange County, San Juan Capistrano
Neo-Victorian, built in 1883 by Richard Egan, surveyor, school trustee and justice of the peace. Rebuilt in 1898 after a fire. Known as "Harmony Hall", it served as Judge Egan's home, office and courtroom until his death in 1923.

(Notable Buildings • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Capistrano Depot

$
0
0
California, Orange County, San Juan Capistrano
Built in 1894, renovated in 1974-75 as a restaurant. The original Mission style, one of the first stations to use it, was retained. The interior is so small freight and passenger cars were added, and the exterior of the platform enclosed in glass to provide more seating space fot the restaurant.

(Notable Buildings • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mission San Juan Capistrano

$
0
0
California, Orange County, San Juan Capistrano
"Jewel of the Missions" founded on November 1, 1776 by father Junipero Serra, most renown and most beautiful of the California Missions, Quaint little Serra Chapel is California's oldest building still in use. The magnificent ruins of the Great Stone Church are considered the "American Acropolis".

(Churches, Etc. • Hispanic Americans • Native Americans • Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Blas Aguilar Adobe

$
0
0
California, Orange County, San Juan Capistrano
May date back to 1794. It was part of two buildings known as Hacienda Aguilar. This adobe is associated with Don Blas Aguilar, the last Alcalde (Mayor) of the Mexican period.

(Hispanic Americans • Notable Buildings • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

"Oliveras Home"

$
0
0
California, Orange County, San Juan Capistrano
Circa 1890-1900
Restoration 1980
In memory of
Delfina Olivares
Matriarch of the San Juan
Capistrano Historical Society

(Hispanic Americans • Notable Buildings • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

"El Adobe de Capistrano"

$
0
0
California, Orange County, San Juan Capistrano
An historic landmark uniting the "Miguel Yorba Adobe" 1778 "Juzgado" (Court and Jail) 1812

(Hispanic Americans • Notable Buildings • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Welcome to the Los Rios Historic District

$
0
0
California, Orange County, San Juan Capistrano
The Los Rios Historic District was placed on the National Register of Historic Places April 4, 1983. This District includes 31 historic structures which line both sides of the street from Del Obispo to Mission Street. The District's registered boundaries lie within the locally designated Los Rios Historic Area, a 40-acre planning area which includes homes, "cottage" businesses, a park, and museums, and is one of the oldest neighborhoods in California.

The District has many interesting architectural styles spanning two centuries. Three homes are made of adobe and are the only ones remaining of 40 adobes originally built in 1794 by Indian neophytes. Nearly 1,000 neophytes lived and worked around Mission San Juan Capistrano. The most common structures on Los Rios Street are board and batten homes built between 1887 and 1910. It is this collection of single-wall-construction homes that qualified it for the National Register. A few of the homes have been built since 1920, but stringent guidelines make sure new construction is compatible in size and design.

The District also includes River Street, originally a narrow dirt road whose history is linked to that of Los Rios Street, having served as the main path across Trabuco Creek, connecting the town to the ocean. Finally, the District includes the Santa Fe Railroad Depot which has served as a vital element of the community since its construction in 1894.

Although constructed over a long period of time, the small homes of the Los Rios Historic District create a cohesive neighborhood which retains the small town character of San Juan Capistrano at the turn of the century. The homes possess a striking unity and an unassuming quality of design. Many have been restored, such as the home of Albert Pryor, now the O'Neill Museum.

Please enjoy your visit to the Los Rios Historic District, a special part of San Juan Capistrano's history. You are welcome to stroll the quiet streets and capture the feeling of San Juan Capistrano a century ago. Most of the homes are privately owned and occupied and can only be viewed from the street. While all have interesting stories, a few are highlighted on this plaque.

(Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Watts Towers

$
0
0
California, Los Angeles County, Watts

Panel 1:
Watts Towers
California Historical Landmark No. 993
Panel 2:
Unconventional Life, Unconventional Art
Simon Rodia has been referred to as a visionary and a man of great passion. A self-taught laborer from Italy, he had a singular goal in life:
“I had in my mind I’m gonna do something, something big.”
He made his living as a cement worker and tile setter on construction jobs by day. He began his towers in 1921, working by himself on evenings, weekends and holidays for the next 34 years.
When Rodia stopped work on the Towers in 1954, he named them Nuestro Pueblo.

Tile Setter
A person skilled in precisely, and quickly, placing decorative tiles in wet mortar.
Nuestro Pueblo
Italian for “Our Town.” This phrase is spelled out in glass pieces and was also scribed directly into the mortar.

Panel 3:
Lasting Memories of Childhood
A native of Ribottoli, Italy, “Sabato” Rodia was born on February 12, 1879, into a farming family. It’s likely they visited the nearby village of Nola, where he would have witnessed a unique celebration called the Gigli Festival, held there since the late Middle Ages.

Gigli Festival
An annual religious festival held in Nola, Italy, historically celebrating the return of a well-loved bishop after his travels.
Organized by craft guilds, the festival featured a procession of tall, pointed towers made of wooden rings covered with paper and carried through the town on the shoulders of the village men. The Watts Towers resemble the icons used in the festival so closely that they are considered the likely inspiration for his work.
Why did Rodia Build a Boat?
A stylized boat is included in the Gigli Festival, representing the one that brought the bishop back to his people.

Panel 4:
A Difficult Dream to Capture
At age 15, Simon was sent to Pennsylvania to work in the coal mines with his brother. When his brother died in a mining accident, he left to find work as a traveling construction worker.
At age 23, he settled in Seattle, Washington, and married Luccia Ucci with whom he had three children. In 1905 Rodia moved his family to Oakland, California, where he made a comfortable living and saved enough money to bring his sister and her family from Pennsylvania, settling them in nearby Martinez.
In 1912 Rodia’s marriage collapsed. He divorced his wife and left his family, never to make contact with them again. He began a new life as a roving day laborer that lasted until 1921 when he bought a house on a triangle-shaped lot in the working–class neighborhood of Watts.
At the age of 42, Simon Rodia began building the structures that evolved into his towers.

Panel 5:
Traditional Methods Used with Ingenuity
The mosaic technique Rodia used is referred to as pique assiette; he undoubtedly saw examples of this mosaic technique in his native Italy.

Pique Assiette
Decorations applied by embedding carefully chosen shards and objects into the drying mortar during the building process.
Rodia built each tower by digging a shallow trench, filling it with cement and embedding four upright metal columns. When the mortar was set, he covered the upright steel with wire mesh and his cement mortar mixture. He used a variety of recycled materials to reinforce his constructions, working this metal using the railroad tracks near his property to bend to bend it into the desired shape. For stability he built more than 150 flying buttresses.
Flying Buttress
Support beams attached to the side of a structure that help distribute the weight evenly to the ground.
As the towers grew, Rodia made rungs encircling each set of support beams, attaching them with wire mesh and mortar to solidify the joints. When each rung had dried, he used it ladder-fashion to climb and attach another rung, each getting smaller in diameter towards the top. Rodia repeated this until the tower was finished at a narrow point.

Panel 6:
Painstakingly Made of Society’s Leftovers
The towers comprise seventeen structures decorated with approximately 100,000 ornamental fragments. Rodia used a variety of materials and objects for decorative purposes including approximately:
11,000 pottery shards,
10,000 seashells,
6,000 pieces of colored glass, and
15,000 glazed tiles.
He used objects such as tools, faucet handles, heating grates, gears and metal molds to make decorative imprints on the walls and floors.
He also recycled many different types of china fragments, broken mirror pieces, small china figurines, hundreds of rocks, and a variety of other materials.
Rodia’s creativity in using discarded and found objects for ornamentation is one of the Tower’s most remarkable aspects.

Panel 7:
Art Achieved, Then Abandoned
“I had in my mind I’m gonna do something, something big.”
When Rodia started his project he was forty-two. For the next thirty-four years he worked determinedly, ending his endeavor in 1954 at age seventy-five.
Without any apparent reason, Rodia left Watts forever in 1954, deeding the property to his neighbor, Louis Sauceda. The remaining years of his life were spent in a boarding house near his sister in Martinez, California, where he talked about his work to anyone who would listen.
Simon Rodia died of a heart attack in 1965, without ever seeing the Towers again.

Panel 8:
A Local Curiosity Becomes Local Identity
The Towers’ chain of ownership became complex after Rodia left.
The recipient of Rodia’s gift, Louis Sauceda, sold the property to his neighbor, Joseph Montoya, for $500. Under Montoya’s indifferent stewardship the Towers were vandalized, and in 1956 Rodia’s house burned. In 1957 an order was issued to demolish the remains of the house and raze the Towers. Failure to locate Montoya over the next two years prevented the order from being executed.
In 1959 William Cartwright and Nicholas King discovered the Towers and became determined to preserve them. They located Montoya and bought the property from him for $20, with a promise to pay more. Hoping to improve the property, they applied for a permit to build a caretaker’s house on the site but were stopped by the earlier demolition order.
To save the Towers, Cartwright and King founded the “Committee for Simon Rodia’s Towers in Watts,” with the initial goal of having the demolition order cancelled. To prove the Towers were stable, a stress test was devised that involved subjecting the tallest Tower to 10,000 pounds of pressure in an effort to topple it. It passed the test and the demolition order was withdrawn.

Panel 9:
When a Private Vision Becomes a Public Legacy
In 1963 Watts Towers became the fifteenth Historic Cultural Monument to be designated by the City of Los Angeles. The Towers are also on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Watts Towers passed from private to public ownership in 1975 when the “Committee for Simon Rodia’s Towers in Watts” gave them to the City of Los Angeles.
In 1978 the City turned them over to California State Parks who then negotiated an operating agreement with the City’s Department of Cultural Affairs to manage the conservation and tour program. The property was officially designated: Watts Towers of Simon Rodia State Historic Park.
In 1990 Watts Towers of Simon Rodia State Historic Park was accorded National Historic Landmark status.

Panel 10:
How Can It Possibly Keep Standing?
The inherent vulnerability of the materials used to create Watts Towers means that continual effort is necessary to maintain their current state of preservation. Much of the conservation falls into two categories; repair cracks, and stabilizing and reattaching ornamentation.
Cracks are repaired by first carefully cleaning the fissures with small brushes, water and air pressure, then filling them with a custom-designed concrete mix to compliment the surrounding surfaces.
When ornamentation becomes detached, the location where it fell is documented and then it is cleaned with soft brushes. Using a photographic database of more than five thousand images taken between 1986 and 1991, conservators try to identify the fragment’s original location and reattach it using special epoxies. When a crack is repaired or a fragment is reattached, the entire process is photographed and becomes a part of the permanent conservation database.

Why are the Towers Fragile?
Rodia used many different materials, most of which need special kinds of care. In the photo above, you can see volcanic rock, tile, bottle glass, dish shards, concrete and a grindstone.

Panel 11:
Preserving a Vision for Future Generations
The preservation of Watts Towers is a complex and endless process. Starting with Rodia’s own efforts to repair cracks before his later works were even finished, there has been an ongoing conservation effort aimed at stabilizing and preserving the structures.
The basic philosophy for these efforts is simple – preserve the legacy of Simon Rodia.
Great resources of effort, funding, training and organization are needed to keep this vision and legacy alive in the years to come. If you are interested in assisting with these efforts, please see the donation information posted near the entry sign, or inquire with any staff member.

Thank you for visiting the unique art form and neighborhood icon that is
Watts Towers of Simon Rodia State Historic Park.
Enjoy your visit.

(Arts, Letters, Music • Landmarks • Man-Made Features • Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 14 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Auntie Stone Cabin

$
0
0
Colorado, Larimer County, Fort Collins
This two-story cabin is a classic example of American frontier log construction. Sixty-three year old Elizabeth "Auntie" Stone and her second husband Lewis arrived in this area in 1864. The Army granted them permission to build a private residence on the Fort Collins military reservation; this cabin remains as the only surviving structure of 22 buildings from the original military fort. The cabin doubled as the Officers Mess until the fort closed in 1867. In later years it functioned as the town's first school, hotel, boarding house, and private residence.

After the death of Lewis, Auntie Stone's widowed niece, Elizabeth Keays moved into the cabin with her. In an 1866, diary entry, Keays noted "my private room has an ingrain carpet, nice bed, window, with a nice sunset view , with hills and the pretty Cache-a-la-Poudre."

With the aid of Henry Clay Peterson, Auntie Stone established the area's first gristmill and brickyard. A cherished and respected businesswoman, she worked for the suffrage movement as well as the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Auntie Stone contributed greatly to the moral and economic quality of the community until her death at age 94 in 1895.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Mould Loft (1917)

$
0
0
Maine, Sagadahoc County, Bath

Design is the first step in shipbuilding, and it took place in a mould loft. Skilled modelers shaped the schooner's hull in miniature by carving a half-model. They scaled the model's lines full-size on the loft floor, then transferred these lines onto full-sized patterns, or moulds, made of thin wood. The moulds were used to shape the actual shipbuilding timbers.

This Mould Loft was added to the Percy & Small plant in 1917.

(Industry & Commerce • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
Viewing all 103659 articles
Browse latest View live




Latest Images