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Comfort Women

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New Jersey, Bergen County, Hackensack
In memory of
hundreds of thousands of women and girls from Korea, China, Taiwan, the Philippines, the Netherlands, and Indonesia who were forced into sexual slavery by
the Armed Forces of Imperial Japan
before and during World War II.

Dedicated on March 8, 2013

County of Bergen, New Jersey
Bergen County Executive
The Board of Chosen Freeholders
Comfort Women Memorial Committee
Residents of Bergen County

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

American Indians of the Potomac River

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Virginia, Fairfax County, Great Falls
Prehistoric people arrived along the shores of the Potomac River some 13,000 years ago. Slowly they transformed from semi-nomadic hunters into farmers and fishermen. Eventually, a group called the Nacotchtanks became the dominant tribe of the Washington D.C. area.

The Potomac River was a heavily traveled trade route by American Indians. In fact the word Nacotchtank translates to mean “at the trading town.”

(Native Americans • Paleontology) Includes location, directions, 15 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Humble Oil & Refining Company

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Texas, Harris County, Baytown
Ross S. Sterling entered the oil business in 1909, when he invested in the Humble oil field north of Houston. Two years later he formed the Humble Oil Company with five partners: Walter W. Fondren, Charles B. Goddard, William Stamps Farlish, Robert Lee Blaffer, and Harry Carothers Wiess. Sterling's brother, Frank, became a company director in 1914.

In 1917 the company obtained a state charter under the name Humble Oil & Refining Company. In order to finance the building of a refinery, fifty percent of the company stock was sold to Standard Oil of New Jersey. The first oil was pumped into a still at the new refinery on May 11, 1920.

As the company expanded and employed more people, a town grew up around the refinery. The company provided low-interest home loans to its employees. By the 1930s research was being conducted at the Baytown refinery, resulting in the production of vital products for the U. S. war effort during World War II.

The post-war years saw additional expansion at the refinery, and the company was merged with Standard Oil of New Jersey in 1959. The Humble name was used until 1972, when Standard Oil Company (NJ) became known as Exxon Corporation.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Lucas Gusher

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Texas, Jefferson County, Beaumont
Discovery well of the Spindletop Oil Field and the first important well on the Gulf Coast. It blew in on Jan. 10, 1901, flowing 100,000 barrels of oil a day from a depth of 1020 feet. The oil production which resulted made Beaumont a city and the Sabine District a major oil refining and exporting center of the world. The Lucas Gusher was drilled by the Hamill Brothers, contractors, under the direct supervision of Captain Anthony F. Lucas for Guffey and Galey of Pittsburgh, on the McFaddin, Weiss and Kyle lease.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 12 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Reading Wood Black

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Texas, Uvalde County, Uvalde
On this site stood home and trading post of Reading Wood Black. Native of New Jersey, he settled in Texas, 1853, near Leona River where he was successful in many business ventures. Founded town of Uvalde; gave land for public school. Elected County Commissioner, 1856; State Representative, 1866.

(Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Captain John Coffee Hays

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Texas, Uvalde County, near Sabinal
In this vicinity June 24, 1841, Captain John Coffee Hays and his Company of 16 Rangers assisted by thirty Mexicans under Captain Flores encountered ten Comanche Indians • Killed eight and captured the other two • None of the Rangers were killed and but one wounded

(Heroes) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

USS Gudgeon (SS-211)

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New Jersey, Bergen County, Hackensack
Commissioned           November 22, 1939
U.S. Navy Yard           Mare Island, Calif.

Over Due – Lost   May 1944

In memory of 78 officers and men

By sinking a Japanese submarine on January 27, 1942, she became the first U.S. submarine in history to sink an enemy combatant ship.
Sank 25 ships           166,900 tons
Damaged 8 ships           41,900 tons

Awarded the Presidential Unit Citation
for the first eight patrols
★   Lost on her twelfth war patrol

N.J. Chapter – U.S. Submarine Veterans World War II

(War, World II • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Site of Camp Sabinal

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Texas, Uvalde County, near Sabinal
Established July 12, 1856 by Captain Albert G. Brackett, Second U.S. Cavalry, as a protection to the San Antonio - El Paso Road and frontier settlers • Occupied by Federal troops until November, 1856 • Later served as a Ranger camp

(Forts, Castles • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Early Texas Wagon Yards

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Texas, Uvalde County, Uvalde
Places of shelter for drivers, teams and wagons. Here travelers could cook bacon, eggs, beans, coffee; talk with friends and strangers. For people from the country, a wagon yard was both a hotel and a social center. Usually it was an open area flanked by a shed, stalls and feed rooms. It might cover a city block, and charges were 25¢ to $1.00 a day.

Drivers pulled into yards, cared for teams, found cooking and sleeping space. Men or families might stay for weeks, await kin or goods coming by train or stage. Amusements were practical jokes, gossip, games, music by fiddle, guitar, harmonica. Young boys overcame bashfulness, learned to dance, roller skate, whip bullies. The yard was center for trading goods and horses; obtaining advice on travel, work, weather. Some yards were stops for stages and freighters.

A block west of this site was wagon yard of F.A. Piper Company (predecessor of Horner's Store). Like many Texas merchants, Piper built and ran the wagon yard to aid customers, who used it free of charge.

Modern transportation has made the wagon yard a relic of the past, but it has a secure place in the history of pioneer days in Texas.

(Industry & Commerce • Roads & Vehicles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Grand Opera House

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Texas, Uvalde County, Uvalde
Staged outstanding musicals, dramas. Built 1891 by local men for professional troupes. Also scene of home talent plays, some directed by Ben K. Franklin, a former actor who settled here. Programs created social stir, with lavish dress and parties.

Building has copper roof and corbeled bay window tower; had ornate stage and auditorium.

Now owned by former U.S. Vice President John Nance Garner and his son, Tully Garner.
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark - 1967

(Arts, Letters, Music • Entertainment) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Kincaid Hotel

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Texas, Uvalde County, Uvalde
This four-story hotel building was constructed in 1927 by the family of William Davis "Billy" Kincaid (b. 1854) in memory of his life as a prominent Uvalde cattleman, businessman, and civic leader. The Kincaid Hotel became a popular place for business meetings, banquets, and social gatherings. Ranchers and cattle traders made the Kincaid lobby their meeting place. The hotel has served such noted guests as Texas Governors, Congressional leaders, President Lyndon Johnson, and movie personalities, including Ronald Reagan, later President of the United States.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Submariners Memorial

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New Jersey, Bergen County, Hackensack
In memory of
the brave submariners who gave their lives
in peace-time for their country.
USS F-4           USS S-4
USS H-1           USS G-2
USS F-1           USSO-5
USS S-51           USS O-9
USS Squalus
SSN Thresher       SSN Scorpion II

(Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Loudoun County/Fairfax County

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Virginia, Loudoun County, Sterling
(obverse)
Loudoun County
Area 519 Square Miles

Formed in 1757 from Fairfax, and named for Lord Louduon, titular Governor of Virginia, and head of the British Forces in America, 1756-1758. Oak Hill, President James Monroe’s home, is in this county.

(reverse)
Fairfax County
Area 417 Square Miles

Formed in 1742 from Prince William and Loudoun, and named for Lord Fairfax, proprietor of the Northern Neck. Mount Vernon, George Washington’s home, is in this county.

(Political Subdivisions) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Still on Patrol

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New Jersey, Bergen County, Hackensack
U.S. Navy submarines paid heavily for their success in World War II. A total of 374 officers and 3131 men are on board these 52 U.S. Submarines still on “patrol.”

Albacore • Amberjack • Argonaut • Barbel • Bonefish • Bullhead • Capelin • Cisco • Corvina • Darter • Dorado • Escolar • Flier • Golet • Grampus • Grayback • Grayling • Grenadier • Growler • Grunion • Gudgeon • Harder • Herring • Kete • Lagarto • Perch • Pickerel • Pompano • Robalo • Runner • R-12 • Scamp • Scorpion • Sculpin • Sealion • Seawolf • Shark I • Shark II • Snook • Swordfish • S-26 • S-27 • S-28 • S-36 • S-39 • S-44 • Tang • Trigger • Triton • Trout • Tullibee • Wahoo
We shall never forget that it was our submarines that held the lines against the enemy while our fleets replaced losses and repaired wounds.Fleet Admiral C.W. Nimitz, U.S.N.
I can assure you that they went down fighting and that their brothers who survived them took a grim toll of our savage enemy to avenge their deaths.Vice Admiral C.A. Lockwood, Jr., U.S.N.
Commander Submarine Force   1943-1946

(War, World II • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Kaiten Type II

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New Jersey, Bergen County, Hackensack

Normal Displacement: 13.4 Tons
Maximum Speed: 40 kts Submerged
Range: 13.7 miles @ 40 kts, 48 miles @ 20 kts
Warhead: 3417 lbs High Explosives
Propultion: Hydrogen Peroxide 1500 HP
Crew: 2
Dimensions: 54’ – 0” Long, 4’ – 6” Wide

First operational deployment was in Nov. 1944 until the last days of the war. The Kaiten was normally carried to the target area on a larger ocean going submarine or cruiser. On a submarine delivery, the pilot entered the Kaiten from a hatch under its belly; from a cruiser it was lowered over the side. At about 8300 yards the Kaiten was launched from its parent submarine and cruised at periscope depth. At a distance to its target (a US ship) of 550 yards, the pilot would submerge to 13 feet and lock his controls for the final attack run. The Kaiten’s maximum speed was 40 kts which made it faster than any US ship in WWII. Approximately 700 of these suicide submarines were built and only 50 were used in action.

(War, World II • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Dr. Noble Jones

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Georgia, Chatham County, Savannah

He was a physician and planter
who also served as Speaker of the
Georgia Assembly during the
Royal and Revolutionary Period.
Imprisoned by the British, he later
held a seat in the Continental
Congress and Ga's Constitutional
Conventions. He was mourned as
the last Founder of Georgia
and was a Revolutionary leader.

(Colonial Era • Settlements & Settlers • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Seehund

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New Jersey, Bergen County, Hackensack

Normal Displacement: 14.94 Tons
Max Speed: 5.6 kts (Sub), 7.7 kts (Surface)
Range: 300 miles @ 7 kts (Surface)
            63 miles @ 3 kts (Submerged)
Armament: 2 External Loaded 21” Electric
Propultion   Diesel (Surface) 60 hp
                   Electric (Sub) 12 hp
Crew: 2
Dimensions: 39’ – 0” Long, 5’ – 6” Wide

Seehund Type XXVII B Units commissioned U-2251 to U-2295, U-5034 to U-5037, U-5251 to U-5269. 1,284 boats were ordered, 67 were built in 1944-1945. The Seehund was used for shallow water and coastal defense at the end of WWII. Two torpedoes could be launched from external rails on each side of the boat.

(War, World II • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Polaris A-1 Missle

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New Jersey, Bergen County, Hackensack

Prime Contractor: Lockheed Missiles and Space Company
Type: Fleet Ballistic Missile (FBM)
Diameter: 4’ – 6”
Length: 28’
Weight: 28,000 lbs
Wing or Fin Span: None
Power Plant: Solid Propellant
Speed: Hypersonic
Range: 1,380 miles
Guidance: Inertial, Celestial
Armament: Nuclear

The Navy ordered five existing submarines to be modified to carry the Polaris Missile. The first of the modified subs was called SSBM 598 George Washington, (originally the SSN 598 Scorpion). All five of the renovated subs became known as George Washington Class.

During a Polaris launch, the missile was ejected vertically through a hatch on the deck of the sub. The Polaris A-1 was officially retired from service in October 1965 when the last George Washington class sub, the Abraham Lincoln, returned to port.

(War, Cold) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lark Anti-aircraft Missile

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New Jersey, Bergen County, Hackensack

The Lark Anti-aircraft Missile Program began in late 1944, when the U.S. Navy needed a new weapon against the ever more serious Japanese suicide-bomber (Kamikaze) threat. In January 1945, a Lark configuration had been established and requirements included ship defence against Kamikaze attack, reconnaissance aircraft and enemy aircraft launching standoff weapons.

The Lark was propelled by a Reaction Motors LR2-RM-2 two-chamber liquid-propellant rocket engine and used two solid-fueled rocket boosters for take-off. It was armed with a 45 kg (100 lb) high-explosive warhead which was detonated by a radar proximity fuse.

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Regulus I SSM-N-8

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New Jersey, Bergen County, Hackensack

Specifications:
Diameter: 56”       Length: 32’ – 2”
Weight: 10,311 lbs       Wings: 21’ – 0”
Range: 500 Nautical Miles
Engines: Ramjet
Warhead: 3,000 lbs or a 10 kiloton nuclear device
Navigation: Radio controlled by Radar Picket Submarines
Booster: Two JATO (Jet Assisted Take-Off) with 1,752 lbs of thrust each

First tested 29 March 1951, 514 were built by December 1958. This was the United States first true cruise missile. The time it took to ready the missile for launch and its navigation method hindered this project and tactical deployment. Only three submarines were built that could launch these missiles.

(War, Cold) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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