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Winter of 1886

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Montana, Powell County, Deer Lodge
This area’s climate includes dramatic fluctuations. As you imagine yourself ranching here, consider the effects of one winter during the heydays of the open ranch.

The snowy winter of 1886-87 devastated the cattle ranches of Montana. Cattle already lean from a dry summer faced a November and December of continuous snow. A midwinter thaw caused by a warm wind, or “Chinook,” allowed the grass to surface for a few weeks. Then a deadly freeze locked the range in ice, leaving little for the cattle to eat. Thousands died.

Spring saw the range dotted with carcasses. Swollen bodies floated in the rivers. Half the Kohrs-Bielenberg cattle were lost, but Conrad Kohrs borrowed $100,000 from a banker in Butte and replenished his herds from sources in Idaho and Texas. He recovered his losses in three years. The young cowboy-artist Charlie Russell sketched this famous and tragic scene.

(Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.


Fossil Hills Trail

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Nebraska, Sioux County, Harrison
The hills held ancient secrets for paleontologists. The two hills in the distance don’t look like anything special. Even up close the untrained eye will see nothing astounding. But a sandstone layer near the bases of the hills has yielded one of the richest concentrations of fossilized mammal remains ever discovered.

Since 1904, paleontologists have been uncovering fossil bones here which greatly contribute to our knowledge of prehistoric mammals. Today many of these fossils are studied and displayed at leading museums and universities. Although thousands of bones have been removed, a great many more lie undisturbed within the fossil hills.

This trail leads to the main fossil quarry sites at University and Carnegie Hills. The 2-mile round-trip hike takes about an hour. At each hill a small section of the fossil layer is displayed just as it was found.

(Paleontology) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mount Washington Summit

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New Hampshire, Coos County, Gorham
The highest wind ever observed by man was recorded here. From 1932 to 1937 the Mt. Washington Conservatory was operated in the summit stage office then occupying this site in a great storm of April 12, 1934. The crew’s instruments measured a wind velocity of 231 miles per hour.

(Environment • Notable Events) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

William Jefferson Clinton

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Arkansas, Hempstead County, Hope
Dedicated March 12, 1999. Mike Huckabee Governor, Jim Hill State Senator, Sandra Rodgers State Representative. Major Benefactors-Century Tube, Inc, Swepco, Entergy, Sanyo Manufacturing Corp, Future Tech Intel, Nina Wang, Ben & Martha Bryant, Nissan North America, Reliant Energy Arkla, International Paper Co., Dr Elias & Jody Ghanam Family, Selma & Walter Kaye, United Parcel Service.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 11 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Charlotte Taylor Blow Charless

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Missouri, St. Louis


Foundress of the
Charless Home
(Formerly the Home of the Friendless)
1853

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Charity & Public Work) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Montgomery

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Alabama, Montgomery, Montgomery
After Horseshoe Bend defeat, Creeks ceded millions of acres to United States. Cotton was in great demand. This area ideal for crop which is still planted on peninsular across river. In 1817, lands went on sale. Andrew Dexter, Massachusetts lawyer, founded village of New Philadelphia (Capitol Area). John Scott and Georgians established Alabama Town on bluff to west. Year later, this group acquired land adjacent to Dexter's, settled East Alabama Town. (Commerce Street). 1819, latter two joined to form Montgomery which developed as major market center. City became state capital. 1846: Confederate capital. Feb - May, 1861; birthplace of Civil Rights, 1955.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Old Trace

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Mississippi, Lee County, Saltillo
Much of the Old Trace had been abandoned by the start of the civil war. However, the war did leave its mark on the Trace as it did upon the rest of the South, as soldiers marched, camped and fought along portions of this historic old road.

A 5 minute walk on the Old Trace here takes you to the gravesites of 13 unknown Confederate soldiers, a mute reminder of bygone days and of the great struggle out of which developed a stronger nation.

(Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Refuge Cemetery

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Alabama, Talladega County, Lincoln
In April 1950, Alabama’s last two living Confederate veterans met here to discuss shared experiences of the Civil War. Local resident Col. Pleasant ‘Riggs’ Crump was visited by Gen. James Moore of Selma, commander of the Alabama chapter of the United Confederate Veterans. Present at the surrender at Appomattox 85 years earlier,, Crump had returned to the Lincoln area after the Civil War. He was a member of the Refuge Baptist Church which he served as deacon for 71 years, and was buried in this cemetery after his death in 1951 at the age of 104.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Gillespie V. "Sonny" Montgomery

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Mississippi, Lauderdale County, Meridan
Buried just east of this site. “Sonny” Montgomery served in the Mississippi State Senate 1956-1966 and the U. S. House of Representatives 1967-1997. A retired Major General in the Mississippi National Guard. Montgomery championed military and veterans issues including the 1984 Montgomery G. I. Bill.

Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Confederate Siege Gun

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Georgia, Muscogee County, Columbus
1861-1865 Mounted by Camp Benning, U.C.V. Aug. 1898

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Campsite 1

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Alabama, Dallas County, Selma
Hall Farm March 21, 1965

(Civil Rights) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Campsite 3

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Alabama, Lowndes County, Lowndesboro
Robert Gardner Farm March 23, 1965

(Civil Rights) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Father Jacques Marquette

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Missouri, Cape Girardeau, Oriole
In 1672 Louis Joliet and Father Jacques Marquette were commissioned by King Louis XIV to discover the course of the Mississippi River. On June 17, 1673, the expedition entered the Mississippi from the Wisconsin River and began its descent by canoe.

On July 4, 1673, the seven-man expedition passed the mouth of the turbulent Missouri River and later observed the confluence of the Ohio and the Mississippi. Upon reaching an Arkansas Indian village near present Helena, July 17, they were certain that the Mississippi flowed into the Gulf of Mexico. Fearful of the Spanish if they continued southward, at this point Father Marquette and Joliet turned back.

A dedicated and gentle priest, Father Marquette first brought the word of God into the Mississippi Valley, gave the world an account of its lands and, with Joliet, laid the basis for France's claim to the area.

Born at Laon, France, June 1, 1637, Father Marquette died April 18, 1675, on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan from the hardships of his missionary life.

(Churches, Etc. • Exploration • Native Americans • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Charles Galloway

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Missouri, St. Louis


Noted Organist
Choral Conductor
Music Educator
Whose musical genius and
purity of soul are the
inspiration and priceless
heritage of an
unnumbered multitude

"The souls of the righteous
are in the hands of God"
MCMXXXII

(Arts, Letters, Music • Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Specialist Ross A. McGinnis

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Georgia, Muscogee County, Columbus
The Infantry Honors
Specialist Ross A. McGinnis
1st Battalion, 26th Infantry Division
Medal of Honor
Operation Iraqi Freedom
14 June 2009Specialist Ross A. McGinnis distinguished himself by acts of gallantry, and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action with an armed enemy in Adhamiyah, Northeast Baghdad, Iraq, on 4 December 2006. On that day, his platoon was conducting combat control operations in an effort to reduce and control sectarian violence in the area. While Specialist McGinnis was manning his M2 .50-caliber Machine Gun, a fragmentation grenade thrown by an insurgent fell through the gunner’s hatch into his vehicle. Reacting quickly, he yelled “grenade,” allowing all four members of his crew to prepare for the grenade’s blast. Then, rather than leaping from the gunner’s hatch to safety, Specialist McGinnis made the courageous decision to protect his crew. In a selfless act of bravery in which he was mortally wounded, Specialist McGinnis covered the live grenade, pinning it between his boot and the vehicle and absorbing most of the explosion.

Specialist McGinnis gallant action directly saved four men from certain serious injury or death. Specialist McGinnis’ extraordinary heroism and selflessness at the cost of his own life, above and beyond the call of duty, are in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit upon himself, and the First Infantry Division “Big Red One”, and the United States Army. Specialist McGinnis trained to be an infantry soldier at Fort Benning, Georgia with the 1st Battalion, 19th Infantry Regiment.

(War, 2nd Iraq) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Archie Van Winkle

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Alaska, Juneau Borough, Juneau
Born: 17 March 1925 Juneau, Alaska.
Died: 22 May 1986 Ketchikan, Alaska
Sudong, Korea 2 November 1950-For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty as a platoon sergeant in Company B-1-7, 1st Marine Division, S/Sgt. Van Winkle boldly spearheaded a determined counter attack though numerically superior enemy forces. Grenades and automatic weapons fire, wounded, he organized the remnants of his platoon and succeeded in enabling them to hold their portion of the front-line, while single-handedly rescuing a flank element that was pinned down, he was wounded a second time by enemy hand grenades. Refusing medical evacuation again, he maintained command and control until he was carried unconscious from the field with the other two survivors of the platoon.
We remember with Pride.

(War, Korean) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Family Burying Ground on Good Hope Plantation

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Georgia, Richmond County, Augusta
This cemetery was the family burying ground on Good Hope Plantation granted in part by King George III to John Twiggs Brigadier General in the Revolutionary Army afterward Major General of Militia

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Colonial Era • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mackey Airlines, Inc.

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Florida, Broward County, Fort Lauderdale
Founded in 1946 by Colonel Joseph Mackey, Mackey Airlines became (August 5, 1952) the first certificated carrier in Broward authorized to engage in scheduled foreign transportation. Operations began January 2, 1953 between Fort Lauderdale, West Palm Beach and Nassau, N.P. Bahamas. Increased certification later allowed service to all Bahama Islands from Fort Laudrdale-Hollywood, Miami, West Palm Beach, St. Petersburg, Tampa and Jacksonville. Mackey operated without mail pay or subsidy. Passengers increased from 15,000 to 150,000 annually. Mackey and Eastern Airlines merged January 1, 1967.

(Air & Space) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Forrest's Raid

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Tennessee, Henderson County, Lexington
Striking Ingersoll's brigade 5 miles east, Forrest overran the position to which they had retired on high ground to the south. Ingersoll and his artillery were captured. Returning 2 weeks later, Forrest rested briefly here, then crossed the river at Clifton, brushing aside the 6th Tennessee Cavalry(Federal).

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Chief Tishomingo

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Mississippi, Lee County, near Baldwyn
Long before Civil War soldiers fought at this site in 1864, this land was part of the Chickasaw Nation. Tishomingo, whose name derived from the Chickasaw title tishu minko meaning "speaker for the chief" or "assistant chief" in the Chickasaw language, lived near here and was a prominent leader of the Chickasaws in this district.

Tishomingo was born as early as the 1730s, probably at Chickasaw Old Town in what is now northwest Tupelo. Tishomingo was a warrior and a staunch defender of Chickasaw lands and sovereignty. Chickasaws fought alongside American troops in numerous conflicts after the American Revolution, notably in the Northwest Indian Confederacy War in the 1790s and in the War of 1812. Tishomingo fought with distinction against the Creeks in the Red Stick War portion of the latter conflict in 1813-1814. Despite this service, the Chickasaws were forced to sell their lands in Mississippi to the U.S. government because of the influx of white settlers.

In the 1830s, all of the Southeastern tribes were relocated to Indian Territory in present day Oklahoma. Despite the removal of the Chickasaw Indians from this area, their legacy lives on.

Chief Tishomingo's name is still attached to this creek, a town, and a Mississippi county which originally extended from the Tennessee River to within a few miles of here. The tribal capital in the west was also named for him and persists today as Tishomingo, Oklahoma. Chief Tishomingo died in present-day Arkansas about 1840 while assisting tribal members on the Trail of Tears. The location of his grave is unknown.

Bottom Quote: "Although but little is known beyond the limits of his nation, yet he was a man that had seen wars and fought battles - stood high among his own people as a brave and good man." - Tishomingo's obituary, 1841

Upper Right Corner Map: The lands of the Chickasaw Nation encompassed much of northern Mississippi. - "Map of the States of Mississippi, Louisiana, and the Arkansas Territory," 1832, An Atlas of the United States of North America, David Rumsey Map Collection.

Center Drawing: The only known portrait of Chief Tishomingo of the Chickasaw Indians. Research Division of the Oklahoma Historical Society.

Right Side Map: Chief Tishomingo's homesite is just a little south of here, near the bank of what is now Tishomingo Creek. A monument marks the location.

(Native Americans • War of 1812 • Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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