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Erie Lock 60

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New York, Wayne County, Macedon
Through these hallowed chambers passed untold thousands. Built in 1821Clinton's Ditch Lock #71 1841 Erie enlargement Lock #60 1874 doubled - 1888 lengthened

(Man-Made Features • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Crossroads of Transportation

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New York, Monroe County, Rochester
Canals provide an inexpensive way to move people and goods

1825 The Erie Canal
The Erie Canal connects the Hudson River and Lake Erie. The 363 miles of navigable waterway provided a cost-efficient way to transport goods to and from the Great Lakes to New York City and every village in between. Before the canal it cost $100 to ship one ton of goods from New York City to Buffalo, NY. After the canal was completed the same ton could be shipped for $10.

1837-1878 Genesee Valley Canal
Built in 1837, the Genesee Valley Canal was to connect Rochester to Pittsburgh, PA, and the rich Ohio River Valley via the Allegheny River at Olean, NY. The junction of the Erie Canal and Genesee Valley Canal completed the east-west/north-south shipping connections and made Rochester an important transportation and shipping center. Boatyards, lumber mills, ships, chandlers, warehouses, dock workers, teamsters, liveries, cooks and farmers all thrived in the heyday of the canals. The first cargo was carried from Rochester to Mt. Morris in September, 1840. The canal closed in 1878, not having realized the market potential of the Ohio River Valley before railroads took over much of the business. The canal bed became the railbed for the Western New York & Pennsylvania Railroad.

Rise of the Railroads
in 1874, the State permitted the sale or abandonment of most of the State--owned canals. Many of the canal beds were purchased by railroads. Railroads listed in Rochester 1890 City Directory: Avon, Genesco & Mt Morris • Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh • Genesee Falls Railway • New York Central & Hudson River • New York Lake Erie & Western • Rochester Electric Railway • Rochester Railway • Rochester & Genesee Valley • Rochester & Glen Haven • Rochester & Honeoye Valley • Rochester & Lake Ontario • Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg • Western New York & Pennsylvania

Buffalo Rochester & Pittsburgh Railroad (BR&P RR)
Built to carry coal from the fields of western Pennsylvania, the BR&P RR operated out of this building that stands today-shown in a 19th century engraving.

Bridges Over the Canal
Bridges were built over the canal at each cross street as can be seen in the illustration at the left. Bridges were constructed to allow boats to pass underneath.

Old Calamity
The lift bridge at West Main Street over the Erie Canal was nicknamed "Old Calamity" for its fitful operation that often tied up road traffic. The bridge was demolished when the Erie Canal was relocated.

b> Historical Hiking Trails
Many of the old canal and railroad beds have been converted to hike/bike trails.

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Railroads & Streetcars • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Hamlet of Egypt

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New York, Monroe County, Fairport
Historic District Site of 1st town meeting Stagecoach and trolley stop Farming & canning center

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Dedicated to Vietnam Veterans

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Oklahoma, Choctaw County, Hugo
For those who died in that terrible war: we bestow our highest honor, respect, and appreciation for they gave the supreme sacrifice.

For those who are still missing: we hope and pray for their return home.

To those who still suffer, whether in mind or body: we acknowledge your pain and appreciate what you did for our country.

To those who survived: God bless you. We are forever grateful.

To the families of those who served: we acknowledge the hardship, mental anguish, and grief that war inflicts. We pray this kind of tragedy never happens again.

We carve these words in granite to stand against time to recognize and honor the Vietnam Vet. Their sacrifice will live forever in the generations of Americans who value their most cherished possession--“Freedom”.

For those who fight for it “Life” has a flavor the sheltered never know.

Donated & erected by
Vietnam Vet, Allen Parsons,
Owner of Allen's Monument Co.
Written by
Allen & Pansy Parsons.
Designed by
Allen & Ernest Parsons.
1991

(War, Vietnam) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

In Perpetuation of the Name of Athasata (Kryn) The Great Christian Mohawk Chief

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New York, Ontario County, Victor
Promoter of Peace - Respecter of Treaties - Defender of Righteousness - Valiant Warrior Leader of Indian Forces, forming one-third of the army of the De Nonville Expedition which passed (1687) along this Indian Trail.

"I cannot speak too highly of the assistance we receive from the Great Mohawk and his warriors" "Our Christian Indians surpassed all and performed deeds of valor especially the Iroquois upon whom we had not dared dared to rely to fight against their relatives."
De Nonville

The name of Athasata merits a place in history beside the names of the greatest Iroquois leaders.

(Colonial Era • Exploration • Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Squaw Island

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New York, Ontario County, Canandaigua
The Island beyond this pier is known as Squaw Island, the smallest State Park in New York State. This area is the birth place of the Seneca Indian Nation, Keepers of the Western Gate of the Iroquois League. According to legend, the wives and children of the Senecas sought refuge on the island during the invasion of their home by General Sullivan in 1779.

At one time, the island was much larger, but the elements have reduced it to its present size. Through the efforts of a group of local citizens led by one person, it is now protected against further erosion for the enjoyment of posterity. Gratefully, this memorial is dedicated to him, Clifford E. Murphy (1895-1982) Canandaigua businessman and civic leader.

(Colonial Era • Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Victor Centennial, 1913

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New York, Ontario County, Victor
In this valley called by the Indians Dya-go-di-ya (Place of the Battle), the first division of De Nonville's army was ambushed by Seneca warriors July 13, 1687.
With his second division the French leader overawed the Senecas, who fled, burning their capital Gannagaro, on Boughton Hill, to which they never returned.
In the battle were 2300 French and Senecas, each lost about 100.
On the morrow De Nonville's army took the trail to Gannagaro and destroyed the nearby palisade on Gah-a-yan-duk (Fort Hill), refreshing themselves at the spring of the eastern base of the hill. They re-embarked at Irondequoit Landing July 19. Past this point, ran the Indian trail from Irondequoit Landing to Gannagaro.

(Colonial Era • Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Seneca Trail

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New York, Ontario County, Victor
Traversed by French Army of Denonville, 1687. Here were Seneca lodges where friendly Indian followers of trail were welcomed.

(Colonial Era • Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Sims-Womack House

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Texas, Hill County, Hillsboro
The original section of this house, which consisted of two rooms and a detached kitchen, was built prior to 1870. Later additions were made during the ownership of Dr. William Thomas Sims (1874-1928), who purchased the property in 1906. A prominent early dentist in Hillsboro, Dr. Sims was also a leader in civic activities and in the Methodist church. Later owners of the residence were Leroy and Lalia (Baldridge) Womack, local business and civic leaders. Purchased on their wedding day, December 24, 1934, it has remained in the family since that date.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Richardson Tavern

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New York, Monroe County, Bushnell's Basin
Beside old Erie Canal towpath at Hartwell's, now Bushnell's Basin, near Great Embankment western canal terminal 1821-1823 Shipping port until after 1850.

(Settlements & Settlers • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Cartersville

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New York, Monroe County, Pittsford
An active shipping port on the Erie Canal. Horses were changed here in the Towpath era.

(Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Porter (Rea) Cemetery

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Indiana, St. Joseph County, near North Liberty

(Side 1)
This cemetery was officially created September 6, 1854 when Samuel Gard deeded land to trustees for a burial ground. Free African-American settlers from Huggart Settlement were buried here alongside their white neighbors, not segregated. Porter Cemetery Association was formed May 9, 1884 with both white and African-American charter members.
(continued on other side)

(Side 2)
(continued from other side)
Cemetery has always been a neighborhood burial ground for members from churches of various denominations. It has been called Porter Rea for decades perhaps because both Porter and Rea families owned adjacent land. Although enclosed in Potato Creek State Park, it remains an active independent cemetery managed by Porter Cemetery Association.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Huggart Settlement

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Indiana, St. Joseph County, near Lakeville
First land purchased by Huggart brothers in 1834; area settled and farmed by their families and several other African-American households circa 1850-1890s. Settlement families attended nearby schools and churches and worked with neighbors in surrounding areas. Many residents were buried in nearby Porter-Rea Cemetery now in Potato Creek State Park.

(African Americans • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Bostwick

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Maryland, Prince George's County, Bladensburg
Built in 1746 by Christopher Lowndes. Home of Benjamin Stoddert First Secretary of the U.S. Navy 1798 -- 1801.

(Colonial Era) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Dred Scott

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Missouri, St. Louis


[Front]
Freed from slavery by his friend Taylor Blow.

[Back]
Subject of the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1857 which denied citizenship to the Negro, voided the Missouri Compromise Act, became one of the events that resulted in the Civil War.
———————
In memory of a simple man who wanted to be free
Dred Scott

(Abolition & Underground RR • African Americans • Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Patriots & Patriotism) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Harriet Scott

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Missouri, St. Louis


American Patriot
Wife of Dred Scott
Mother of Eliza and Lizzy
Co-Plaintiff in the historic
Dred Scott Case


Your plea for equality was raised in obscurity, but in time it became the rallying cry of a people determined to abolish slavery. Yours was a strong seed planted in the pursuit of freedom rising.

This stone is set by the Elijah Love Society in gratitue for your life and work, and as a reminder that the vigil for freedom continues. In the course of our history, you belong to the ages.

Dedicated November 6, 1999

(Abolition & Underground RR • African Americans • Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Patriots & Patriotism) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

William Bartram Scenic Highway

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Florida, Saint Johns County, Switzerland
   Within a mile and a half of this marker are numerous prehistoric sites, several of which date from 2000 BC Native Americans occupied the Northern river section from about 4000 BC until the arrival of Europeans after 1500 AD.
   Riverbank settlements, permanent villages, and small seasonal campsites were common prehistoric site types. Abundant natural resources provided inhabitants with opportunities to hunt, fish and collect shellfish and plants.
   By the 1770's, when William Bartram explored this area and Francis Fatio established his homestead, few Native American peoples remained in the region. Today, shell refuse deposits, pieces of pottery, stone and bone tools, and soil stains provide archaeological evidence reflecting the lifeways of those early Florida residents.

(Exploration • Paleontology • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

World War I-Era Rudder

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Virginia, Alexandria
In May 2000, this rudder was recovered along the banks of the Potomac River near Jones Point. Measuring over 22 feet high and 4.5 feet wide, the rudder is of the variety used to outfit steel cargo ships constructed between 1918 and 1920 at the Virginia Shipbuilding Corporation site. Except for concrete building foundations and the finishing pier, the rudder is the last remnant of the shipbuilding industry at Jones Point.

Why put a wood rudder on a steel ship?

The answer is unknown, but modifications to shipbuilding and outfitting during times of war were often completed on an ad hoc basis, and were not recorded. A rudder of this type may have been pre-fabricated by a contractor, using more readily available materials. A wooden rudder could also have been produced more quickly, was less costly than a metal rudder, and was easier to repair at sea.

Rudder

Workers found the rudder while driving piles for the Woodrow Wilson Bridge. Once pulled from the mud, archaeologists and historians studied the artifact. Though of slightly different shape than the one shown in the diagram at right, research indicates that the rudder is an alternate style for the ships built on site. This fragile artifact is displayed horizontally to provide better support.

Cargo ships produced by this shipyard were the first modern steel vessels ever launched on the Potomac River.

(War, World I • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Lost Village of Cameron at Great Hunting Creek

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Virginia, Alexandria
Three hundred years ago, a river wide as the Capital Beltway—Great Hunting Creek—emptied into the Potomac River at this spot. In the absence of good roads, this river and its tributaries were vital corridors for travel and trade. Great Hunting Creek linked inland tobacco farms to inspection stations and warehouses where tobacco was monitored and stored before heading to markets overseas. With a lucrative tobacco trade established, settlements soon grew into hamlets and villages, including Cameron—a village that, at one time, had the potential to be the area's most successful tobacco port.

Oceangoing ships were once able to sail up Great Hunting Creek, all the way to the village of Cameron, the original home of some of Alexandria's founding families. Though Great Hunting Creek was considered to be a good location for at tobacco inspection station, West's Point, located along the Potomac River, was selected as a more suitable site for navigation. Despite the setback, Cameron prospered into the 1800s, until siltation reduced the port's usefulness. The West's Point site eventually overshadowed Cameron, and became part of the town of Alexandria, which was founded in 1749.

Rolling Roads

Tobacco was packed into cylindrical barrels called hogsheads and rolled to the port of Cameron. Several of these “rolling roads” converged on the town, including Back Road today known as Telegraph Road.

(Colonial Era • Industry & Commerce • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Remarkable Margaret Brent

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Virginia, Alexandria
Despite occasional conflicts between European settlers and local Indians, Mistress Margaret Brent of Saint Mary's City, Maryland, was granted the first land patent on Piper's Island (later known as Jones Point) in 1654. An extraordinary woman for her time, Brent appears here before the Maryland Assembly requesting not only the right to vote, but the right to two votes—one for herself as a landowner and one as Lord Baltimore's attorney.

Brents undertaking and medling with your Lordships Estate here… we do Verily Believe and in Conscience report that it was better for Collonys safety at that time in her hands then in any mans else in the whole province… —Letter from the Maryland Assembly, describing Brent's management of Lord Baltimore's will, 1649.

Tobacco Farming
To hold title to her land, Brent was required to cut back the forest and plant tobacco. On most plantations, indentured servants and enslaved African Americans performed the arduous labor.

(Colonial Era) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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