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Chief Francis Godfroy's Council Chambers

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Indiana, Miami County, near Peru
North 87 degrees East 437 feet. War Chief Francis Godfroy's Council Chambers. Here May, 1812, twelve tribes of N.W. Territory voted not to join English. Tecumseh objected and joined Canada. Across road Godfroy's trading post and Mt. Pleasant home, about 1 1/4 mile South 70 degrees West on left bank of river in the Osage village among the Miamis, buried some 25 Indians, killed when army of General Harrison sacked the village in 1812. Here October 23, 1826, Michigan Road, Wabash & Erie Canal and much land ceded to government.

(Native Americans • War of 1812) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Robb

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Kansas, Montgomery County, Coffeyville


Pioneer Settlers 1869
First Blacksmith Shop 1869

Samuel W. Robb 1828-1912
Lydia Ann Robb 1836 - 1891
Charles S. Robb 1862 - 1912
Imogene Robb Perry 1864 - 1944
Lulu Robb Stevens 1868 - 1906
Elmer E. Robb 1872 - 1960

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Santa Fe Trail

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Kansas, Marion County, near Durham


[Title is text]

(Industry & Commerce • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Carl Lee Perkins

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Tennessee, Madison County, Jackson
(obverse)
Called the "Rockabilly King" and a Rock 'n' Roll architect", singer-songwriter Carl Perkins was born in Lake County on April 9, 1932. In 1955, he wrote and recorded the celebrated rock 'n' roll classic, "Blue Suede Shoes.". A powerful artist, he influenced numerous popular musicians including Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Patsy Cline, Jimi Hendrix, the Beatles, and Bob Dylan, Wynonna Judd and Garth Brooks. Perkins was inducted into the Rock 'n' Roll Hall of fame in 1987. He was entombed in the mausoleum at Ridgecrest Cemetery after his death on Jan. 19, 1998.
Continued

(reverse)
A strong advocate for the prevention of child abuse, Carl Perkins worked with the Jackson Exchange Club to establish the first center for the prevention of child abuse in Tennessee and the fourth in the nation. Proceeds from a concert planned by Perkins were combined with a grant from the National Exchange Club to establish the Exchange Club/Carl Perkins Center for the Prevention of Child Abuse in October 1981. For years its annual Circle of Hope Telethon generated one quarter of the center's annual operating budget.

(Charity & Public Work • Entertainment) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First Baptist Church

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Texas, Henderson County, Malakoff
In 1894, the Reverend Monroe F. Jackson came to Malakoff and founded this congregation. He named it Good Hope Baptist Church. The same year, church trustees Sam Robinson, Monroe Porter, and Governor Wilson acquired land at this site for a church building. Over the years, the members of the Good Hope fellowship have sponsored the founding of several other churches in western Henderson County, including Antioch and Macedonia. The current name was chosen after Good Hope merged with Mount Olive Baptist Church in 1939.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Cliff Homes and Canyon Life

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Arizona, Coconino County, Walnut Canyon National Monument


As recently as the mid-1200s, families lived, worked, and played in Walnut Canyon. Tending crops on the rim, traveling to gather food, and collecting water from the canyon bottom were part of a daily routine.

It may be difficult to imagine living here, constantly negotiating this rugged terrain. Our motorized lives make it easy to forget that, throughout most of history, peoples' existence was much more physical.

Who Were They?
Walnut Canyon's farming community flourished between roughly 1125 and 1250. By this time, people across the Southwest were united by corn cultivation and village life. But their architecture, pottery, and tools differed across space and time.

Archeologists used these differing traits, which occurred in patterns on the landscape, to describe and label cultural traditions such as Ancestral Puebloan (Anasazi) and Sinagua.

Walnut Canyon, with its compact villages of adjoining, rectangular room blocks (called pueblos by the Spanish) and plain brown pottery, lies within the heart of the Sinagua tradition.

(Environment • Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

A Complex Community

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Arizona, Coconino County, Walnut Canyon National Monument


The Island Trail, visible below you, follows the sharp meander of Walnut Creek. Many cliff dwelling rooms, unique in this area, were built throughout the canyon at the level of this trail. On both rims are numerous pithouses and pueblos.

On the very top of the rock promontory or "island" before you, are more rooms. Walls were constructed to block easy access to them.

Maybe this intriguing arrangement of sites met seasonal, security, social, or ritual needs.

Why Here?
Walnut Canyon was known and used by people for thousands of years before it became a focal point for a community during the 1100s. Changing natural and social conditions across the region undoubtedly played into the decision to settle here. By 1100 the Southwest's population had swelled. People were looking for new places to live and farm.

There may have been other attractions. Some tribal consultants believe people built here for refuge and protection, or for isolation and ceremonial preparation.

[Photo captions read]
[1.] This large pueblo can be seen along the Rim Trail. Cliff dwellings were built on ledges throughout the canyon. You will see this one [in photo 2]on your hike around the "island."

[2.] Ancestral homesites are claimed by various groups today including Hopi clans that trace their migrations through Walnut Canyon and these dwellings.

[3.] Depending on the calculation method used, Walnut Canyon's peak population may have been as few as 75 people or as many as 400.

(Environment • Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

17th Ohio Infantry

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Georgia, Walker County, Fort Oglethorpe
Detachment of
17th. Regiment
Ohio Infantry,
Connell's
Brigade.
1:00 P.M. to
7:30 P.M.
September 20,
1863.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

19th Ohio Infantry

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Georgia, Catoosa County, Fort Oglethorpe
19th.
Detachment.
Ohio Infantry,
Genl. S. Beatty's
Brigade.
1:P.M. to 7:P.M.
September 20,
1863.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Frances Slocum

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Indiana, Wabash County, near Somerset
Captured as a child by the Delaware Indians in 1778 from her Pennsylvania home, she grew up with the Indians, married a Miami chief, and lived in Indiana till her death, 1847.

(Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Flight 93 National Memorial

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Pennsylvania, Somerset County, Stoystown
On September 11, 2001, at 10:30 am, United Airlines Flight 93 crashed in the field in front of you, killing all 40 passengers and crew members, as well as the four terrorists who hijacked the aircraft. The plane came over the hill behind you and to your left, approximately 40-50 feet off the ground and at a speed of 563 miles per hour. Upon impact the 7,000 gallons of jet fuel on board the aircraft exploded, creating a ball of fire that rose higher than the trees. Because of the quick and determined actions of the passengers and crew, Flight 93 failed to reach the terrorists’ intended target. Flight 93 crashed less than 20 minutes flying-time from the U.S. Capitol building in Washington, D.C.

When first responders and local citizens arrived, the crash site and adjacent trees were still smoldering and the ground was littered with fragments of the plane. The crash created a crater that was 15 feet deep and roughly 30 feet across. During the recovery and investigation, the crater was excavated to a depth of 40 feet to recover human remains, personal effects, parts of the aircraft, and evidence. On September 24, 2001, the FBI closed its field investigation and turned the site over to the Somerset County Coroner. The Coroner’s intent was to restore the site to its condition before September 11. The crater was backfilled, spread with a layer of topsoil, and then planted with grasses and wildflowers.

The Western Overlook
This entire area was used as a command post by the F.B.I. and the emergency response teams during the investigation and recovery. Today, this area serves as a temporary memorial until the first phase of the permanent memorial is dedicated on September 10, 2011. The building behind you houses a temporary exhibit on the story of Flight 93, the investigation/recovery efforts, and the complete memorial design.

Today
The crash site area is the final resting place of the passengers and crew. It is the heart of Flight 93 National Memorial and will remain untouched. Visitors will be able to view the crash site area from the Memorial Plaza that is under construction. The names of the 40 passengers and crew will be inscribed on the wall of the plaza as it follows the flight of the plane.

The Memorial Plaza will be dedicated and open to the public on the weekend of September 11, 2011.

(Disasters) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Flight 93 National Memorial

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Pennsylvania, Somerset County, Stoystown
The Western Overlook is where the world first came to make sense of the story of Flight 93. On September 12 and for days after, the media lined up along the ridge on the left of this overlook, broadcasting images of the crash site area across the globe. It was here where you now stand that families first came to view the crash site and leave tributes to their lost loved ones, creating an early temporary memorial. Later, those working on the recovery and investigation teams also left tributes here. The pipe in the ground in front of you once held the flag that flew over the family memorial, the same flag that was flying over the U.S. Capitol on September 11, 2001. The building behind you served as the headquarters of the F.B.I.’s investigation. Now, almost 10 years later, the world has returned to this overlook to continue the process of understanding the story of Flight 93 and to make one last temporary stop on the path to the permanent Flight 93 National Monument.

September 2001. Above is an image of the temporary memorial created for and by the families. The flag is the one from the U.S. Capitol building and it flew from this site throughout the investigation. In the distance you can see the crash site area being excavated as part of the F.B.I’s recovery effort.

On September 11, the media village was established in the field along the road in to this location from Lambertsville Road. Beginning on September 12 and for two weeks afterward, the media set up cameras along the ridge to your left and broadcast images of the crash site area worldwide. This image was taken on September 12.

(Disasters) Includes location, directions, 11 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lane College

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Tennessee, Madison County, Jackson
Founded, 1882, by the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church of America, as a high school, under direction of Bishop Isaac Lane, with his daughter as principal. It became Lane Institute in 1883. Its first president, Rev. T. F. Saunders, served from 1887 to 1903. It received its present name in 1895.

(African Americans • Churches, Etc. • Education) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Merry High School

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Tennessee, Madison County, Jackson
With the addition of the twelfth grade in 1922 the South Jackson School on Church Street, the city's only secondary school for black youth, was renamed Merry High School in honor of Austin Raymond Merry (1856-1921), the principal who had pioneered the school's change from the elementary to the secondary level. The school was moved to Tanyard Street in 1935 and then in 1957 to new facilities located on Lane Avenue at Royal Street. Merry High School merged with formerly all white Jackson High School in 1970 by court order to form Jackson Central Merry High School.

(African Americans • Education) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Harry Gilmore' Raid

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Maryland, Harford County, Jerusalem Mills
What caused the “great excitement” in Harford County during the summer of 1864? It was the arrival of a detachment of the Confederate cavalrymen led by partisan Major Harry Gilmore. He and his trooper, mostly Marylanders, were part of a 12,000-man force under General Jubal A. Early that entered their home state from Virginia’s Shenandoah Valley earlier in July. Their purpose was to threaten the lightly defended city of Washington, D.C., in an attempt to draw off part of the Union army menacing Richmond and Petersburg, Va.

After brushing aside an inferior Federal force at the Battle of Monocacy, near Frederick, Maryland, Early detached his cavalry under General Bradley T. Johnson to ride around Washington’s eastern defenses and liberate Confederate prisoners at Point Lookout in Southern Maryland. Johnson then detached Gilmore to pass north and east of Baltimore and sever communications with the North. As Gilmore and his men rode, they burned houses and bridges, seized supplies, and on July 11, captured Union Gen. William B. Franklin, who escaped the next day. Arriving here at the village of Jerusalem Mill, they “requisitioned” from David Lee’s (now McCourtney’s) Store “boots, shoes, and other wearing apparel.” They also seized Lee’s horses. The Confederates then departed, soon rejoining the main body and returning to Virginia. Early’s 1864 Maryland campaign failed to breach the capital’s defenses or free prisoners, but it did lure substantial numbers of Federal troops away from Richmond and Petersburg to strengthen the Washington garrison.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.


The Historic Bowles House

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Maryland, Washington County, Hancock
Built in the 1780’s this farm house witnessed the arrival of the C&O Canal in the mid-1830’s. Located at the east side of Hancock, the house residents catered to canawlers who passed through Lock 52 and the Tonoloway Aqueduct, selling goods and produce to the boat captains and crews.

(Industry & Commerce • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

A Work of Art

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Maryland, Washington County, Hancock
Looking at the remaining iron railings and graceful arch of the Tonoloway Aqueduct, it is easy to see why canal company officials referred to the eleven aqueducts along the canal as “works of art.” Built between 1835 and 1839, Aqueduct 7 carried the canal across Tonoloway Creek. Time and floods have not been kind to the Tonoloway Aqueduct. Years of carrying water and canal boats took a toll on the sides of the aqueduct, eventually causing it to collapse. Debris carried by flood waters damaged and washed away iron railings. To protect the aqueduct the National Park Service built steel braces to support the arch and remaining walls.

Even in 1863 the Tonoloway Aqueduct suffered from maintenance problems; leaking water washed away mortar and weakened the masonry.

(Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

New Germany Lake

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Maryland, Garrett County, Grantsville
Long before 1930, thirteen acres of low-lying land in the village of New Germany was flooded and dammed. An earthen dam was constructed, largely through the efforts of John Swauger, to hold back the waters of Poplar Lick Run for the operation of his nearby mill. A crudely-built lake was formed for the sole purpose of providing waterpower and making ice. Known as Swauger’s Dam, the lake was not used for swimming or recreation at this time. In fact, parents forbid their children to play there.

In the early 1930’s President Roosevelt’s Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) drained Swaugers’s Dam, cleared out the many logs that were on the bottom, and built a new earthen breast works for the dam. Improvements also included a spillway. Fishing then became a prime use of the lake, which was plentifully stocked. Swimming was also possible now that the lake was refilled.

After the CCC left the area, the lake became part of the New Germany Recreation Area. By 1951 the lake boasted a 5-foot by 30-foot beach. Since that time, many improvements have been added. Today, surrounded by forests and picnic areas, the beach is a popular swimming and fishing spot. Changes and improvements continue to be made to New Germany Lake, enhancing and preserving it for the enjoyment of those who visit.

(Man-Made Features • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Swauger Mill

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Maryland, Garrett County, Grantsville
In 1850, this land was the site of a three-story gristmill, which processed wheat, buckwheat and cornmeal for the people who lived in the village of New Germany. John Swauger built the gristmill piece by piece, using hardwood from his own property, carving and polishing many of the gears and pulleys by hand.

In the early 1900’s the mill was sold to Irish immigrants Phillip and Michael McAndrews, who built an imposing ten room home next to the mill. The mill remained at this location until the early 1930’s when President Roosevelt’s Civilian Conservation Corps bulldozed the entire operation to make way for the parking facility you see before you. This work was the beginning of what would become the recreation area known as New Germany State Park. Today, all these buildings have vanished. Only the old millstones standing guard at the entrance to Parking Lot #5 remain.

The gristmill was a huge structure with three stories and a basement. It was operated with waterpower from the nearby lake. A sluice, or millrace, was built on a series of trestles to move the water from the east side of the lake to the mill. The water passed under the dirt road by way of a wooden culvert and then entered the sluice. The sluice then carried the water several hundred yards into the mill.

The water was funneled onto an overshot wheel, about 40 feet in diameter. A series of large buckets occupied the outer perimeter of the wheel. The weight of the water filling the buckets caused the wheel to turn. The basement housed the main drive gear, from which a series of other gears were operated by various belts, driving the mill’s many grinding operations. Excess water from the mill’s operation ran off into nearby Poplar Lick Run.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

74th Indiana Infantry

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Georgia, Walker County, near Fort Oglethorpe
Indiana
Seventy-Fourth Regiment Infantry.
(Chapman)
Second Brigade. (Croxton)
Third Division. (Brannan)
Fourteenth Corps. (Thomas)
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 6 P.M.
to 7.30 P.M.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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