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Pennsylvania

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near Littlestown, Pennsylvania.
Founded 1681 by William Penn as a Quaker Commonwealth.
Birthplace of
The Declaration of Independence
and
The Constitution of the United States

(Settlements & Settlers • Politics) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

"The Mighty Big Boy"

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Cheyenne, Wyoming.
The 4004 is one of eight surviving examples of the world's largest steam locomotives. The Union Pacific Railroad had 25 of these goliath built, at a cost of over a quarter million dollars each. The 4004 ran primarily between Cheyenne and Ogden, Utah.
It was retired from service October 31, 1958 having run 440545 miles and placed on this site June 28, 1963.

(Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Durant Bell

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Cheyenne, Wyoming.
The Durant Hose Co., and J.T. Clark Co., each purchased huge bells, and boasted the first fire engines in Cheyenne.
Both companies used the fire bells as long as their organizations existed.
The J.T. Clark Bell may be seen at the old Johnson School.
Restored 1982

(Communications) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Suffrage Tablet

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Cheyenne, Wyoming.
This tablet marks the site where the council of the first Territorial Legislature of Wyoming convened which legislature enacted the first woman suffrage law passed in the United States.
Approved by
John Allen Campbell
First Governor of Wyoming
December 10, 1869

(Civil Rights) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

J.Simpson Africa

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Huntingdon, Pennsylvania.
No man has contributed more to the preservation of Huntingdon County history than J. Simpson Africa, who resided here while compiling his monumental History of Huntingdon & Blair Counties in 1888. Lot#16, on which this building stands, was owned by the Africa family from 1796 to 1918. J.S.A. was born and died here. It was always his principal residence, no matter where the obligations of later life took him.
As a young man, Africa learned the surveyor's trade from his father and uncle, and first worked under Samuel Mifflin laying out the right-of-way for the Huntingdon & Broad Top Mountain Railroad. His natural attention to accuracy and prodigious knowledge of Pennsylvania land titles elevated him to the top of his field, leading a biographer to report: "He has been pronounced by competent authority the best surveyor in Central Pennsylvania, and has not his superior in the state, if anywhere."
In later life, Africa demonstrated similar aptitude as a writer, editor, businessman, and politician: he served as Secretary of the Department of Internal Affairs at Harrisburg, president of the Union Trust Company of Philadelphia, and Grand Master of the Grand Masonic Lodge of Pennsylvania.

(Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

House Where Alberto Masferrer Was Born

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, El Salvador.

Alberto Masferrer
Humanista insigne
y maestro meritísimo
Homenaje de la
Facultad de Humanidades
en el centenario de
su nacimiento
1968

English translation:
Alberto Masferrer
Distinguished humanist
and the best of teachers
The Faculty of Humanities
Pays tribute to him on the 100th anniversary of his birth
1968

(Education • Arts, Letters, Music • Patriots & Patriotism) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fort Cummings

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Lake Alfred, Florida.
Approximately 1½ miles west of here
near the shore of Lake Alfred
is the site of
Fort Cummings
Named for Col. Alexander Cummings of the Fourth Infantry. Established January 22, 1839 and occupied by detachments of the First and Second Infantry and the Third Artillery.

Part of the line of forts set up in central Florida to protect the route from Fort Brooke, Tampa to Fort Mellon, Sanford.

One of the dramatic events of the year occurred when Coacoochee or Wildcat appeared at the fort attired in the full regalia of a member of a Shakesperian cast. The year before, in 1840, Wildcat and his band attacked a theatrical group between Picolata and St. Augustine and after killing the men of the party escaped with the costumes belonging to the troupe. These, he and his band wore as they approached the fort and created quite an effect on the spectators.

(Forts, Castles • Roads & Vehicles • Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Milton S. Hershey

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Hershey, Pennsylvania.
Milton S. Hershey founded the world famous Hershey's Chocolate Company in 1903 and built a town around it for his employees, complete with homes, schools, and cultural and recreational opportunities.
In 1907, Milton S.Hershey founded HERSHEYPARK as a "picnic and pleasure ground" for his workers. Over the years the park has grown into a world-class theme park, proudly maintaining and honoring the vision of its founder.
Milton and his wife, Catherine, founded a school for orphan boys in 1909. Today, the Milton S. Hershey School provides an education and a home to disadvantaged children.

(Education • Industry & Commerce • Entertainment) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

14. Titlow House & Parachute Factory

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Union City, Michigan.
The Titlow House was built on this site in 1845, originally containing a store and meat market before the conversion to a hotel in 1867. In 1915, it was razed to make way for Spoore’s Ford Garage. It was subsequently owned by Engle Stanton, then Bray’s. Schafer Plating was built in 1939 and occupied the lower level for many years. In the 1950s, during the Korean War, Aerial Manufacturing on the upper level employed 150 local women sewing small parachutes to drop warfront supplies. In later years, Hawken’s Furniture was found here. In the late 1980s, Superfund cleanup monies were used to extract chemical contamination from the plating business, and the building was razed. The new library and Heritage Park were dedicated in 2012.

(Industry & Commerce • War, Korean • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

3. Randall Dam & Start of Millrace

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Union City, Michigan.
Early surveying parties sent out on the Washtenaw trail, which became M-60, took back glowing accounts of the potential for water power at the junction of the two rivers and this quick stretch named the Coldwater Rapids. The first race was constructed by Justice Goodwin, first permanent settler, in 1834 to operate a sawmill. A larger raceway was subsequently dredged diagonally west from here to the St. Joe, providing water power to several saw and grist mills. The first local drowning was in the mill race, a pioneer child of the Olmsted family. In 1840, there was a “sickness” of many residents attributed to too many logs floating in the raceway, causing the Township Board to decree “no logs be allowed to lie in the pond more than 3 days between May and November.” The dam was removed in 2002 and the raceway was filled in.

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Waterways & Vessels • Bridges & Viaducts) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

The Cattle Barons & Business Giants

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Cheyenne, Wyoming.
With the coming of the transcontinental railroad and with settlers and ranchers moving into the greater Cheyenne area, it was quickly apparent that 180 acre land grants were insufficient to sustain a livelihood. Shrewd businessmen, many foreign born from Europe or those trying to escape the ravages of the post Civil War East, came west seeking their fortune either as ranchers or freighters and merchants. A few of Cheyenne's more prominent citizens left a mark that sticks with the community still.
Hiram Kelly, early pioneer and cattle baron, was one of the first to ship cattle out of Wyoming. Locally known more simply as Hi Kelly, he was one of the great and colorful pioneer builders of the West and most specifically Wyoming. In 1854 he was a mule skinner on the Santa Fe Trail; 1855 to 1857 mail contractor along the trail but moved north in 1858 due to problems with the Cheyenne Indians on his last trip east the year before; 1859 to 1862 worked for Ben Holladay and the Overland Freight Company building the Virginia Dale, Colorado, stage station; 1864 at Fort Fetterman, Wyoming, married Elizabeth Reshaw 15-year old daughter of French trapper John Reshaw and a full-blooded Sioux and who has just returned from a St. Louis finishing school. Hie built a mansion for his family on the River Chug which would become the nicest stop on the Cheyenne to Deadwood stage (1876 - 1886). Buying, selling and trading cattle was his main occupation until 1884 when he sold most of his land to the Swan Land and Cattle Company. Moving ti Cheyenne he built a mansion on "Millionaire's Row" across Carey Avenue from where the State Capitol Building would be located.
Francis Emory (E.) Warren: Civil War Congressional Medal of Honor recipient, astute Cheyenne businessman, cattle rancher and stock grower, Wyoming Territorial Governor, briefly the First Wyoming State Governor, and the longtime U.S. Senator from the State of Wyoming; came to Cheyenne in 1868. Although he owned in partnership with an old friend, a mercantile business in downtown Cheyenne; it is his Warren Livestock Company that people remember today. In 1956 when is heirs sold the business it contained in excess of 350,000 acres around Cheyenne and in Colorado. His Cheyenne home remains to this day and is called the Nagel-Warren Mansion B&B. Located at 216 E. 17th Street it is at the West end of "Cattle Barons Row."
Warren's influence on Cheyenne is visible today in buildings he either financed or had built within the downtown area: Atlas Theater, Phoenix Block (Wrangler, 1st National Bank Building and the Commercial Block. His own building, the Warren Block, burned down in 2004. One small part of his Warren Livestock Company, the Belvoir Ranch, is now owned and operated by the City of Cheyenne.
Joseph M. Carey: lawyer, rancher, influential businessman, Judge and politician, spent most of his political career in Wyoming both before and after it achieved statehood. In 1868 he came west and by 1869 was appointed the first U.S. Attorney for the Territory of Wyoming followed by Associated Justice of the Supreme Court for the Territory (1871 to 1876). From 1881 to 1885 he was Mayor of Cheyenne; 1885 to 1890 representative from the Territory in the U.S. House of Representatives; 1890 to 1895 first U.S. Senator from the State of Wyoming along with Warren; and in 1911 he became Governor of the State of Wyoming.
Carey was also a major businessman, banker, and partner in the Wyoming Development Association, a massive irrigation system for Platte County and the Wheatland, Wyoming area.
Andrew Gilchrest, born in Scotland to highland stock growers, immigrated to the U.S. in 1865 after hearing a lecture by Horace Greeley, and in 1869 joined Nathan Meeker's Union Colony of Colorado. After learning irrigation techniques along the South Platte River drainage, in 1875 he moved from the Livermore area to the Pole Creek, Wyoming area so that he could expand his cattle business. By 1877 he moved to the Crow Creek area west of Cheyenne and built his main Ranch house there. By 1884 along with his partners Sir Homer Plunkett of the Laramie Range area he had accumulated 185,000 acres of land.
His ability to irrigate his land allowed him to feed his cattle during the major blizzard of 1886-87 while most of the other cattle barons who used free grazing lost their entire hers and went broke. Because of his shrewd business practices he became President of the Stock Grower's National Bank of Cheyenne along with partners Carey and the Sturgis brothers (Thomas and William). Gilchrist (sic) also served on the Territorial Legislative Committee and the in 1890 on the State Legislature. He helped select the location for the State Capitol building just up the street from his home.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Vietnam Veterans Memorial

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Cheyenne, Wyoming.
In Memory of the
Vietnam Veterans
From Laramie County
Who Never Returned
From Southeast Asia

Earnest C. Balland - USA • Michael R. Beck - USMC • Edward R. Braun - USA • Dennis C. Cressy - UDAF • Frank M. Darling - USMC • William B Esslinger - USMC • Dennis B. Farris - USA • Robert F. Guthrie - USN • John W. Kobelin II - USA • Edward R. McNally, Jr. - USA • Joseph A. Padilla - USA • Richard E. Tabor - USA • Lawrence D. Torrez - USMC

Wyoming MIAs Not Returned
Harry B. Coen - USA • Orville D. Cooley - USN • Lawrence G. Evert - USAF • Joseph L. Hart - USAF • Alva R. Krogman - USAF • Thomas W. Skiles - USA

(War, Vietnam) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Early Cheyenne Reservoir

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Cheyenne, Wyoming.
The exposed rock wall in front of you once formed part of an early Cheyenne Reservoir constructed in the mid 1880's. Water came by wooden pipe across the USDA Agriculture Research Station, Warren Air Force Base and Frontier Park. From here it was piped to a steam powered pump station where the present library now stands.
The reservoir had a wooden roof from where patrons of the Frontier Days would watch rodeo activities. By 1935 the roof deteriorated and was removed. The reservoir was then filled with dirt for safety. By then Cheyenne has other water reservoirs for municipal uses. For many years the site appeared to be an odd dirt mound. The Cheyenne Botanic Gardens exposed this corner of the reservoir as part of its landscape in 1989.

(Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Floyd and Edna Young Folk Art Fence

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Cheyenne, Wyoming.
Floyd and Edna Young, residents of Wyoming for over 65 years, created the inner fence that surrounds Engine No. 1242. Floyd was a Union Pacific Engineer of this locomotive, Engine No. 1242, prior to its retirement and final move to Cheyenne in 1954.
Between the years of 1965-1975, Floyd and Edna often walked the original Union Pacific tracks (built in 1867-1868) from the eastern border of Wyoming (Pine Bluffs) to the western of Wyoming (Evanston). During these walks they collected hundreds of western relics. In 1970, with the help of their son. Floyd Jr., they began to assemble these relics, welding them into sections of fence. The last piece of fence was completed prior to Floyd's death in September 1977.
This fence originally surrounded Floyd and Edna's home in Laramie. The fence, railroad switches, marker sign, railroad crossing, and engraved sidewalks were generously donated to the Botanic Garden by their three sons, Floyd E. Young, Jr., Alvin L. Young, and Richard S. Young in memory and in honor of their parents, to all who were part of the railroad community and those who make their living working on the railroad.

(Arts, Letters, Music) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Union Pacific Steam Engine #1242

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Cheyenne, Wyoming.
Union Pacific Steam Engine #1242 is the oldest coal bringing steam locomotive in Wyoming. Union Pacific Railroad (UP) donated "Old Sadie," as she was nicknamed, to the City of Cheyenne in 1955 after being retired from the Walcott-Saratoga-Encampment branch line.
The engine ran the line from November 1, 1921 until its last trip May 15, 1954 with UP engineer, Floyd Young, Sr. The 44 mile Walcott-Saratoga-Encampment short line was originally built to haul copper from the Encampment area, but the mines closed soon after completion of the line in 1908. The line was then primarily used to bring livestock and forest products to the UP main line connection at Walcott Junction, 127 miles west of Cheyenne. The main UP train stops, east of west, across Wyoming (built in 1867-1868) are etched along the walkway surrounding Engine #1242.
After World War II, the popularity of efficient diesel locomotives eventually overtook the steam locomotives. Though steam engines were as powerful and often fast or faster than diesels, their huge appetite for fuel, water, and labor-intensive maintenance brought about their demise. Steam locomotives retreated to a stronghold in Wyoming, where the big engines ran their last miles in 1959. Union Pacific's heritage steam operations are still maintained in Cheyenne in a portion of the old roundhouse in the rail yard.

Statistics Built: December, 1890 by Cooke Locomotive & Machine Works of Petterson, NJ
Type: Ten-Wheel (4-6-0)
Drivers: 57" diameter
Weight: 198,370 pounds
Length: 63' 1 1/2"
Operating Boiler Pressure: 165 pounds
Tractive Force: 21,318 pounds
Tender Capacity: Water - 7,000 gallons, Coal - 12 tons

(Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First United Methodist Church

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Cheyenne, Wyoming.
Organized - 1867
Sanctuary Building
Constructed - 1890
Entered National Register
of Historic Places
Wyoming Place No. 84

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

10. Caille Richards Company

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Union City, Michigan.
The Blue Star Veteran’s Park Memorial up and to the left was once the site of one of Union City’s most important industries. Established in 1901, Caille Richards Co. was part of a large international company with headquarters in Detroit and branches throughout the world. Lead by A. Arthur Caille, president, they produced many unique coin vending machines. This location also produced the Caille Cannon, a small brass replica ceremonial cannon, that was fired on lawns and yachts

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

11. The Broadway Bridge

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Union City, Michigan.
The first Broadway Bridge was constructed of wood in 1835. It was replaced with a steel structure in 1876. One of the largest bridges in Branch Co., it was washed out in the flood of 1908. Many locals who had been observing the floodwaters below narrowly escaped. It was rebuilt in 1908 and again in 1977.

(Man-Made Features • Waterways & Vessels • Bridges & Viaducts) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

12. Riverside Hotel, Duo Coach & UCI

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Union City, Michigan.
Built in the early 1870s near the depot on Railroad St., the Riverside Hotel was first known as the Johnson House. It was moved to this location by teams of horses and oxen while rolling on logs. The two long verandas were then added. Before its abandonment, it was renamed The Brown Hotel. In the1930s, it was razed, and Gerald Davison built the Duo Coach trailer factory in the 1940s. Duo Coach was bought by Divco Wayne in 1962 and moved to the old cement factory site. Union City Industries operated at this location until 2015.

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Architecture) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

13. Chivas & Jack's Grocery

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Union City, Michigan.
In August of 1966, Arnold “Jack” and Rosemary Shaffer purchased from Mae and Blanche Miller & Ray Chivas Chivas Grocery, which had stood on this corner for more than 30 years with a barbershop on the 2nd floor. Whitlock Shoes occupied the building to the east during the 1960s. In 1969, Jack’s expanded into the cabinet shop next door, doubling their space before moving uptown in 1973. The site became Siler’s Sports in 1979, remaining that way for 36 years. Feel free to pull out at Riverview Park just ahead and walk across to friendly Jack’s Family Grocery, still owned by the Shaffer family, for a cold drink and snacks.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.
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