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Miners' Graves

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Jackson, California.
In memory of Peter Bagoye, Rafaelo Baldocchi, Domenico Boleri, Eugene Buscaglia, John Caminada, Peter Cavaglieri, Manuel Costa, Paul Delonga, A. Fazzini, V. Fideli, Simone Francisconi, Battista Gamboni, Timothy Garcia, Maurice Gianetti, Giuseppe Giorza, Lucio Gonzales, brothers Antonio and Luis Leon, Battista Manachino, Pio Oliva, Emanuel Olobardi, Aldino Piagneri, Giovanaria Ruzzi, Domenico Simondi, George Steinman, Daniele Vilia, and Cesare Zanardi, who died August 28, 1922, in the Argonaut Mine fire.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Disasters) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Water-Powered Mill

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Taylor, Michigan.
The Waterwheel, invented centuries ago, was the first mechanical device used to harness power. It even powered early Ford manufacturing plants in this region. Gristmills were used to make various flours and cornmeal. Sawmills were used to produce lumber. This water-powered mill replica was built by Taylor citizens in a volunteer effort.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Historic La Grange

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La Grange, California.
The township of La Grange, French for "The Barn," was established in 1852 near the Tuolumne River. By 1853 French, Chinese, Mexicans, Spanish and Americans were here to mine gold, farm and ranch. About 5,000 people lived in the area. In 1854 Stanislaus County was formed and La Grange was the county seat from 1856 to 1862. It is the only area in the eleven western states to have used all four types of gold mining. Today La Grange is zoned "historic," dedicated to preserving its history. The Inmon Trading Post, built in 1850, houses the local museum, organized in 1989. Close by is the adobe barn and stable, 1850, and the rustic jail, 1856. Above town the St. Louis Mission, 1854, holds mass and maintains its cemetery. Across the street the old school house, 1875, is located in a county park near the citizens cemetery. Below these on Main Street, Hwy 132, is the 1857 IOOF Hall, home to Odd Fellows and Rebekahs. On down Main Street find the 1897 saloon and the 1878 general store. Up river from town is La Grange Dam, tallest overflow dam in the world when built in 1893. Each year the La Grange rodeo, organized in 1948, attracts thousands of fans the first Sunday in April. La Grange Improvement Association began in 1974, continues to represent community interests.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Trading Post

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La Grange, California.
1st stone building in La Grange
built in winter of 1850-51 by
John Inmon and William Sanders

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Marble Canyon Lodge

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Marble Canyon, Arizona.
A tourist lodge and trading post have operated near this site since 1929. Without them, travel through this isolated region would have been far more difficult. Marble Canyon Lodge was already in operation when the historic Navajo Bridge was dedicated on June 14, 1929. The lodge was financed initially by Lorenzo Hubbell and operated by Buck Lowery. Hubbell assumed ownership in 1937, and Kyle Bates purchased the lodge in 1949. In 1959, Jane Bales Foster inherited it. The Foster family continues to operate Marble Canyon Lodge. The original lodge building has been restored and stands 0.4 km (¼ mile) west of this marker.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Early Cemetery

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Batavia, New York.

Early Cemetery
in village of Batavia
on this site
deeded August 10, 1820.
Bodies were re-interred to
other cemeteries in Batavia

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Impossible Canyons

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Marble Canyon, Arizona.
In desperate search for a crossing of the Colorado River before the wild storms of winter might further weaken their starving bodies, Fathers Dominguez and Escalante led their expedition past this point on October 26, 1776.

Five days were spent near the present site of Lee's Ferry, four miles to the east. Two young expeditionaries swam naked across the frigid river. Barefoot and cold, their bundled clothing having swept away in the struggle for their lives, the swimmers returned without exploring the impossible canyons on the other side. Another attempt to cross on a log raft failed three times in the powerful current.

With only the meat of one of their horses for sustenance, the padres finally picked their way along a treacherous route above the Paria River and through a notch in the Echo Cliffs which Escalante himself described as impassable. On November 7, the expedition jubilantly forded the river at the "Crossing of the Fathers" now under the waters of Lake Powell.

These first Europeans known to have seen this dramatic canyon country returned to Santa Fe, their point of departure, in January 1777. They had failed their objective to find and overland route to the settlement at Monterey. But their experience and detailed records expanded knowledge of the remote land on the fringes of Spanish territory known today as the Four Corners Region.

(Exploration) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lily Dale Assembly

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Pomfret, New York.

Lily Dale Timeline
1955 Fox cottage burns.
1924 Marion H. Sidmore Library building constructed.
1915 Fox cottage moved to Lily Dale.
1900 Great Lily Dale fire burns many cottages.
1893 Lily Dale contains 215 cottages.
1888 Assembly Hall built. Post Office established.
1886 Marion H. Skidmore library founded in a tent in the park.
1883 Auditorium built to host speaking events.
1881 Children's Lyceum started, in a tent.
1880 Hotel built.
1879 Twenty acres of land purchased for camp meetings.
1879 Lily Dale Assembly formed.
1848 Fox sisters experence Hydesville manifestations.

Lily Dale Lily Dale was formed by an early group of Spiritualists who bought land for camp meetings where they discussed their beliefs and practiced their healing and mediumship. The camp was named Lily Dale for the abundance of water lilies on the lake, and it grew to become the center of modern Spiritualism.

Marion H. Skidmore Library The library was founded in 1886 in a tent across from the Pagoda, and was then housed in the Assembly Hall buiding until 1924, when the present building was finished. The Library houses the largest collection of books on Spiritualism in the world.

Entrance Gate c1910 Many visitors arrived at a train station on the west side of the lake and walked across the bridge to enter Lily Dale through this gate.

Birth of Modern Spiritualism The Spiritualist movement was started in Hydesville, near Rochester, when two young girls, the Fox sisters, heard strange rappings on the walls of their cottage. After learning the tapped language they believed hey were able to use it to communicate with the dead. The believers say hey are able to contact spirits of the dead through gifted members of the group, called mediums.

Fox Cottage The Fox cottage was considered so important to the religion that it was moved to Lily Dale in 1915 and set up as a shrine to Spiritualism. In 1955 a fire destroyed the cottage, but some artifacts were saved and can still be seen in the Lily Dale Museum.

Auditorium Built in 1883 and remodeled in 1901, many famous people, including Susan B. Anthony have appeared in the 1200 seat auditorium.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Purple Heart Memorial

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Andalusia, Alabama.

To Honor Covington County
Purple Heart Recipients

(Military • Patriots & Patriotism) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

World War II

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Geneva, Illinois.

Major Campaigns and Deaths

Pacific Theater
Leyte/Luzon/Southern Islands,
Philippines (10/44-7/45) 20,569
Philippines (12/41-5/42) 15,386
Okinawa/Ryukyus, Japan (3/45-7/45) 12,183
Iwo Jima, Japan (2/45-3/45) 6,922
New Guinea, Papua, New Guinea (1/43-12/44) 4,684
Guadalcanal, Solomons (8/42-2/43) 4,407
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (12/7/41) 2,403

European Theater
Rhineland, Germany (9/44-3/45) 50,410
Ardennes-Alsace, Belgium, France,
Luxembourg (12/44-1/45) 19,246
Northern France (7/44-9/44) 17,844
Normandy, France (6/44-7/44) 16,293
Central Europe-Germany, Austria,
Czechoslovakia (3/45-5/45) 15,009
Rome-Arno, Italy (1/44-9/44) 11,393

Military Service Personnel

Participants 16,112,566
In Theater Deaths 291,557
Deaths in Service 113,842
Wounded in Service 671,846
Missing in Action 78,773
Illinois Deaths 22,283
Illinois Missing in Action 1,310
Kane County Deaths 565

Kane County Facts

Seven (7) Pearl Harbor Casualties
One (1) Congressional Medal of Honor
Recipient - Walter E. Truemper
Sixty-nine (69) Missing in Action
Youngest County Casualties - Ages 15 & 17

War Facts

1941 - Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. The United States declared war.
1942 - American B17s staged their first bombing raid on Germany.
1944 - Allied Forces invaded the European continent along the Normandy coast of northern France, a massive campaign known as D-Day.
1945 - Germany surrendered.
1945 - The United States dropped atom bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japan surrendered.

Over 105 million men served in uniform in all combatant countries (1939-1946).

Over 15 million died on active service, and civilian deaths are estimated at between 26 and 34 million.

Military conflicts were fought on every continent except Central and South America.

Depicted on Relief

Paratroopers parachuting into Europe.

Soldiers loading a bazooka.

Aircraft carrier with aircraft secured on deck traveling through the ocean.

Sherman tank advancing into combat.
Submarine breaking the ocean's surface

"It is foolish and wrong to mourn the men who died. Rather we should thank God that such men lived."
General George S. Patton Jr.

(War, World II • Patriots & Patriotism) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Sporting Hill

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Camp Hill, Pennsylvania.
After an eventful two days of probing Harrisburg’s defenses, Confederate General Albert G. Jenkins had received the welcome orders to stand down. Lieutenant General Richard Ewell’s two Confederate infantry divisions currently in Carlisle, numbering some 15,000 men, would be marching on the state capital on the morning of June 30, 1863, or so Jenkins had been told. But later on, the fateful orders from Robert E. Lee arrived for Ewell to turn back and link up with other Confederate forces near Gettysburg.

Inexplicably, Jenkins had not been informed; he merely withdrew a short distance west to the cover of Silver Spring Creek, where he and his men waited for Ewell’s troops to overtake them and perhaps undertake an assault on Harrisburg’s defenders. In the meantime, Union General Darius Couch had reports from scouts of Ewell’s new course, and he decided to turn the tables, probing to find, and perhaps cut off, Jenkins. For the mission he chose the inexperienced General John Ewen and his similarly green regiment of New York State National Guardsmen. Like Ewen, most of these New Yorker were businessmen and store clerks from the streets of New York, and few had ever been tested in battle.

In the early afternoon, some Union cavalrymen had clashed with Jenkins’ outer picket posts. Jenkins panicked as he learned simultaneously that Ewell was no longer supporting him in Carlisle. He dispatched his largest regiment with some 500 men to Carlisle to protect his retreat route. Fearing a large Union force would soon be bearing down on him from the east, Jenkins ordered Lieutenant Colonel Vincent Witcher and a motley assembly of 300 men and two cannons to “hold the enemy in check at all hazards.”

Marching sluggishly on the Carlisle Pike, Ewen’s 1,400 New Yorkers did not arrive at Sporting Hill until around 3:30 p.m. on the afternoon of June 30. Once there, they were welcomed with a volley of musketfire from 50 Confederates taking cover in Moses Eberly’s barn (see map). Witcher and his main contingent of Confederates had positioned themselves in the rear in Gleim’s grove (see map). Pinned down on the Carlisle Pike, two companies of New Yorkers were moved into the woods near the Confederate position (along present-day Van Patten Drive). Later, Ewen deployed his full brigade, with about 400 men south of the Pike, and even more north of the Pike, directly fronting the barn. Several men, including a drummer boy, were wounded in the northern wing. Witcher’s Confederates held their own, remarkably, until a Philadelphia artillery unit, commanded by Captain Henry Landis (brother-in-law of General John Reynolds of Gettysburg fame) arrived. They commenced to load their piece fuze-first (essentially backwards), but were stopped, given a brief lesson, and their first shot struck the barn square in the center. The bothersome Confederates evacuated the barn and eventually left the field after a brief artillery duel. Some 16 dead Virginians were left on the field of battle, and Witcher brought 20-30 wounded with him, some of whom died on the retreat. Ewen’s New Yorkers suffered no fatalities, but 11 men were slightly wounded.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Biloxi Blues

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Biloxi, Mississippi.

Front
The Mississippi coast, long a destination for pleasure seekers, tourists, and gamblers, as well as maritime workers and armed services personnel, developed a flourishing nightlife during the segregation era. While most venues were reserved for whites, this stretch of Main Street catered to the African American trade, and especially during the boom years during and after World War II, dozens of clubs and cafés here rocked to the sounds of blues, jazz, and rhythm & blues.

Back
Biloxi was strutting to the rhythms of cakewalk dances, vaudeville and minstrel show music, dance orchestras, and ragtime pianists by the late 1800s, before blues and jazz had fully emerged. Biloxi’s musical culture was particularly influenced by and intertwined with that of New Orleans, and Crescent City jazz pioneers Jelly Roll Morton (1890-1941) and Bill Johnson (c. 1874-1972) lived in Biloxi in the early 1900s before moving on to California, Chicago, and other distant locales. Morton’s godmother, reputed to be a voodoo practitioner in New Orleans, had a home in Biloxi. In 1907-08, Morton frequented a Reynoir Street gambling den called the Flat Top, where he used his skills as a pianist, pool player, and card shark to hustle customers, particularly workers who flocked to town from nearby turpentine camps to engage in a game called “Georgia skin.” At the Flat Top, Morton recalled, “. . . Nothin’ but the blues were played . . . the real lowdown blues, honky tonk blues.”

Morton courted a Biloxi woman, Bessie Johnson, whose brothers Bill, Robert, and Ollie (“Dink”) were musicians. The Johnsons lived on Delauney Street and later on Croesus Street, just a few blocks west of this site. Bill Johnson’s touring unit, the Creole Band, introduced New Orleans ragtime, jazz, and blues to audiences across the country. Bessie later adopted the show business moniker of Anita Gonzales. Other early Biloxi musicians included minstrel show performers Romie and Lamar “Buck” Nelson; drummer Jimmy Bertrand, who recorded with many blues and jazz artists in Chicago; and William Tuncel’s Big Four String Band.

In the 1940s, as business on Main Street prospered, clubs featured both traveling acts and local bands, as well as jukeboxes and slot machines. Airmen from Keesler Field participated both as audience members and musicians; Paul Gayten, a noted blues and R&B recording artist, directed the black USO band during World War II, and Billy “The Kid” Emerson, who recorded for the legendary Sun label, served at Keesler in the 1950s. Both Gayten and Emerson got married in Biloxi. Blues/R&B producer-songwriter Sax Kari once operated a record store on the street, and rock ‘n’ roll star Bo Diddley’s brother, Rev. Kenneth Haynes, came to Biloxi to pastor at the Main Street Baptist Church. Local musicians active in later years included Charles Fairley, Cozy Corley, Skin Williams, and bands such as the Kings of Soul, Sounds of Soul, and Carl Gates and the Decks. After a period of decline, local entertainment perked up again in the 1990s as casinos and the Gulf Coast Blues and Heritage Festival brought a new wave of blues and southern soul stars to Biloxi.

(War, World II • Arts, Letters, Music • Entertainment • African Americans) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Andrea's Fountain

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San Francisco, California.
Then-owner William Roth selected Ruth Asawa, well known for her abstract, wire-woven sculptures, to design and create the centerpiece fountain for Ghirardelli Square. Although it was unveiled among some controversy in 1968, Asawa's objective was to make a sculpture that could be enjoyed by everyone. She spent one year thinking about the design and another year sculpting it from a live model and casting it in bronze.

Although landscape architect Lawrence Halprin attacked Asawa's design of a nursing mermaid nursing seated on a sea turtle for not being a "serious" work, Asawa's intentions were clear: "For the old it would bring back the fantasy of their childhood, and for the young it would give them something to remember when they grow old!

"I wanted to make something related to the sea...I thought of all the children, and maybe even some adults, who would stand by the seashore waiting for a turtle or a mermaid to appear. As you look at the sculpture you include the Bay view which was saved for all of us, and you wonder what lies below that surface."

The most photographed feature of Ghirardelli Square, the fountain was named in honor of Andrea Jepson, the woman who served as the model for the mermaid.

(Arts, Letters, Music) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Michigan's Capital

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Grand Ledge, Michigan.
Ahead lies Lansing, capital of Michigan. In 1835, when the state was organized, Detroit was the capital, as it had been when Michigan was a territory. The capital, after much debate, was moved to its present, more centally located site in 1847. The city of Lansing did not exist at that time, and the first capitol, completed in 1848, was built in a wilderness. Today, Lansing is the center for state government and also for major industries. Michigan State University is in East Lansing.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Charles H. Spencer “Paddlewheel” Steamboat

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near Marble Canyon, Arizona.
Spencer
Paddlewheel
Steamboat
1912


(Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Vermilion Cliffs National Monument

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near Marble Canyon, Arizona.
Welcome to Vermilion Cliffs National Monument, an isolated and spectacular landscape. Tucked away in north-central Arizona, this Monument is a wonderland of geologic formations and rugged terrain that supports a rich array of desert wildlife and vegetation. Their is even an experimental population of California condors, reintroduced to the area in 1996.

A National Treasure
Vermilion Cliffs National Monument is a geologic treasure. Its centerpiece is the majestic Paria Plateau, a grand terrace lying between two great geologic structures, the East Kaibab and Echo Cliffs monoclines. The Vermilion Cliffs, which lie along the southern and eastern edge of the Paria Plateau, rise 1,500 feet in a spectacular array of multicolored layers of shale and sandstone. Along the east side of the plateau, the Paria River winds its way to the mighty Colorado River. Over eons of time, sedimentary rocks eroded, forming spectacular natural amphitheaters, arches, and massive sandstone walls in the 2,500-foot deep canyon.

These dramatic cliffs were named by John Wesley Powell in 1869, as he embarked upon his expedition of the Grand Canyon down the Colorado River. The Monument was established on November 9, 2000, in keeping with the mission of the Bureau of Land Management National Landscape Conservation System to conserve, protect, and restore our nation's natural treasures for present and future generations.

The colors are such as no pigment can portray. They are deep, rich, and variegated, and so luminous are they, that light seems to glow or shine out of the rock rather than to be reflected from it.
-Major Clarence E. Dutton, 1880


(Environment) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Kaibab Squirrel Area

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Jacob Lake, Arizona.
Has been designated a
National Natural Landmark
This site possesses exceptional value as an illustration of the Nation's natural heritage and contributes to a better understanding of the environment.


(Animals • Environment) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Theodore Roosevelt

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Jacob Lake, Arizona.
In memory of
Theodore Roosevelt
1858 'Teddy' 1919
Est. Grand Canyon National Game Preserve ‘06


(Animals • Environment) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Korean War

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Geneva, Illinois.

Major Campaigns and Deaths

Pusan Perimeter 8/50-9/50) 3,603
Chosin Reservoir (11/50-12/50) 1,641
Kunu-Ri (11/50-12/50) 1,194
Naktong Breakout (9/50) 834
Hoengsong (2/51) 773
Taejon (7/50) 638
Heartbreak Ridge (9/51-10/51) 616
Kum River (7/50) 490
Unsan (11/50) 454
Soyang River (5/51) 406
Triangle Hill (10/52) 393
Seoul (9/50) 382
Pork Chop Hill (4/53-7/53) 342
Bloody Ridge (8/51-9/51) 341

Military Service Personnel

Participants 1,789,000
In Theater Deaths 36,576
Deaths in Service 17,678
Wounded in Service 103,284
Missing in Action 8,100
Illinois Deaths 1,744
Illinois Missing in Action 417
Kane County Deaths 32

Kane County Facts

Four (4) Missing in Action

War Facts

1948 - South Korea declared itself an independent state.
1950 - North Korea invaded South Korea. The U.S. (as a part of a 16 nation United Nations force) called the invasion a breach of international peace and entered the war allied with South Korea. China entered the war allied with North Korea. The U.S. never declared war against North Korea.
1951 - Peace talks at Kaesong and Panmunjon failed over the issue of voluntary repatriation.
1953 - The U.N., North Korea and China signed an armistice agreement and a demilitarized zone (DMZ) was established at the 38th Parallel, the dividing line in place before the war began. A permanent peace treaty between South Korea and North Korea has never been signed.

The Korean War was the first war in which a world organization, the U.N., played a military role.

The Korean War marked the first battles between jet aircraft.

South Korea sustained military and civilian casualties estimated at more than 1,300,000.

United Nations Forces casualties (not U.S.) totaled over 10,000, including more than 3,000 dead.

Estimated North Korean and Chinese casualties were more than 1,500,000.

The war ended in a stalemate.

Depicted on Relief

F-86 Sabre fighter jet in flight.

M40 Gun Motor Carriage, nicknamed the "Long Tom", providing artillery support.

M.A.S.H. (Mobile Army Surgical Hospital) ambulance transporting the wounded to a field hospital.

Troops advancing toward the front in their cold weather gear.

"In war, you win or lose, live or die - and the difference is an eyelash."
General Douglas MacArthur

(War, Korean • Patriots & Patriotism) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Omar Ibn Said

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Fayetteville, North Carolina.
Muslim slave & scholar. African born, he penned autobiography in Arabic. 1831. Lived in a Bladen County and worshipped with local Presbyterians.

(Education • African Americans) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.
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