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Monument to Cuauhtémoc and His Warriors

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Mexico, Distrito Federal, Ciudad de Mexico

Cuitlahuac

A la memoria
de Quahtemoc y de los guerreros
que combatieron heroicamente
en defensa de su patria
MDXXI

Cacama
Relieve de "La entrevista de Cuauhtémoc, prisionero, con Cortés"

Tetlepanquetzal

Ordenaron
La erección de este monumento Porfirio Diaz Presidente de la Republica
y Vicente Riva Palacio Secretario de Fomento
MDCCCLXXVII
Erigiose
por mandato de Manuel Gonzalez Presidente de la Republica
y de su Secretario de Fomento Carlos Pacheco
MDCCCLXXXIII

Coanacoch
Relieve de "El tormento de Cuauhtémoc"

Los dos siguientes marcadores están montados en el piso cerca del base del monumento
Con motivo de la reconstrucción total del Paseo de la Reforma se traslado este monumento al cruzamiento con al Av. de Los Insurgentes, siendo Presidente de la Republica el C. Lic. Miguel Aleman y jefe del Departamento del Distrito Federal el C. Lic. Fernando Casas Aleman. Las obras estuvieron a cargo de la Direccion General de Obras Publicas. Septiembre 15 de 1949.

Gobierno del Distrito Federal
México. La Ciudad de la Esperanza
El Gobierno del Distrito Federal como parte del Programa de Remodelacion del Corredor Turistico y Cultural Paseo de la Reforma, llevo a cabo la Reubicacion y Restuaracion del Monumento Cuauhtémoc, colocándolo en su sitio original que data de 1887.
Ciudad de México, 13 de diciembre de 2004.

Los dos siguientes marcadores están montados en bases de cemento pocos pasos al norte del monumento
De prisa, en un dia
paso la flor de la guerra.
Tu palabra, Cuauhtémoc,
tu flor, nariguera, insignia de oro,
resplandecen con luz de amaneceres
Tu flor de algodón
con brillo de quetzal reluce,
Al cerro de Colibri llenas de asombro;
¡ea, ya, esforzaos!
Acaso tú, señor, las cimiento,
por ti seguirá siendo nuestra ciudad?
Arderás de cólera, se dice:
otra será tu recompensa.
Tu dorado atavio de pieles,
tu flor de algodón,
con brillo de quetzal relucen.
Al Cerro de Colibri llenas de asombro,
¡ea, ya, esforzaos!

Iciuhcan, ce tonalli,
opanoc in xochiyaoyotl.
Motlahtol, cuauhtemoxtzin,
moyacaxochiuh, in cozticteocuitlatlahuiztli, pepetlaca yuhquin tlahuizcalli.
Moichcaxochiuh
yuhquin quetzalli pepetzca.
in hutzitziltepetl
tiquizahuia.
Ma ye cuele, ximoyolchicahuacan,
ahzo, tehuatl, tecuhtlic, tixopechtlalia
Mopaltzinco ommaniz in toaltepeuh,
Timozomax, mihtoa,
Occe in monemac yez.
Mocozticaehuayotlaquen,
moichcaxochiuh
Yuhquin quetzalli pepetzca
in huitzitziltepetl
Tiquizahuia,
Ma ye cuele, ximoyolchicahuacan.

English translation:
Cuitlahuac

To the memory
of Quahtemoc and the warriors
that fought heroically
in defense of their nation
1521

Cacama
Relief of "The meeting of Cuauhtémoc prisoner with Cortés"

Tetlepanquetzal

Porfirio Diaz, President of the Republic and Vicente Riva Palacio, Secretary of Production ordered this monument built in 1877.
It was built by order of Manuel Gonzalez, President of the Republic and the Secretary of Production, Carlos Pacheco in 1883.

Coanacoch
Relief of "The torment of Cuauhtémoc"

The two following markers are mounted into the ground near the monument's base
Due to the total reconstruction of the Paseo de la Reforma this monument was moved to the crossing with Avenida Los Insurgentes, being President of the Republic Miguel Alemán and head of the Federal District Fernando Casas Alemán. The works were conducted by the General Directorate of Public Works. September 15, 1949.
Government of the Federal District
Mexico. City of Hope

The Federal District, as part of the refurbishment program “Tourism and Cultural Corridor Paseo de la Reforma”, carried out the relocation and restoration of this Monument to Cuauhtémoc, placing it on its original site from 1887.
Mexico City, December 13, 2004.

The two following markers are located on small cement bases just north of the monument
Spanish version of the poem
Nahuat version of the poem

English translation of the Spanish/Nahuat poem
Quickly, in a day
withered the flower of war.
Your word, Cuauhtémoc,
your flower, nose ring, golden symbol,
ablaze with the light of dawns
Your cotton flower
shines with the brightness of a quetzal,
You fill the Hummingbird Mountain with wonder;
Go forward!
For you, oh lord, the foundations,
for you will remain our city?
You will burn with anger, it is said:
another will be your reward.
Your golden attire of skins,
your cotton flower
shines with the brightness of a quetzal.


(Patriots & Patriotism • Wars, Non-US) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Original Brusly High School

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Louisiana, West Baton Rouge Parish, Brusly
First West Baton Rouge Parish public high school. Built in 1911 for grades 1-11 to serve students in area from Beaulieu to Chenango Plantations. WPA program completed the gym & adjacent building in 1938. Original school constructed under the administration of J.H. Bres, West Baton Rouge School Superintendent from 1908-1948. Two story wooden school demolished in 1950 and now exists only in pictures and student memories.

(Education • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Sunrise

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Louisiana, West Baton Rouge Parish, Port Allen
(Side A)
In 1874 Alexander Banes, a former slave, purchased property which he sold to Sunrise Realty Co. in 1905. About 1906 the Missouri-Pacific Railroad began using a train-ferry to cross the Mississippi River, causing a great spurt in the population of Sunrise. This marker is a reminder of a community that has gone on, but remains in the happy memories of her descendants.

(Side B)
A place (not a time of day) of green and golden pages turned slowly enough, to hear the bees whispering in the clover and smell the season of the river in the fog and dust. It must be there still in the trees and the spaces where people live and children play in barefoot memories.

(Settlements & Settlers • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Metairie And Gentilly Ridges

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Louisiana, Orleans Parish, New Orleans
First highway through this city led from lower Kenner to Chef Menteur. Mississippi River, during prehistoric days, overflowed into Lake Pontchartrain. The receding waters created these ridges and their accompanying bayous which connected, at City Park area, with Bayou St. John.

(Plaque)
Dedicated by New Orleans Chapter, Louisiana Society D.A.R. March 22. 1964.

(Roads & Vehicles • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ehécatl Quetzalcóatl: attracting rain and fertility

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Mexico, Distrito Federal, Ciudad de Mexico
El culto a Ehécatl (dios del viento), fue muy importante porque se consideraba que éste podía atraer la lluvia y propiciar la fertilidad de la tierra. Por ello se le construyó este templo. Que visto desde las alturas, se puede distinguir su forma mixta: cuerpo principal circular y fachada formada por un cuerpo rectangular con escalinatas de acceso que están limitadas por alfardas que terminan en la parte superior en un elemento arquitectónico en forma de “dado”. Sobre éste edificio estaba la capilla del dios, con su altar circular que quizá tenía techo de paja, madera y otros materiales perecederos.

Frente a su plataforma se encontraron ofrendas y personas sacrificadas, principalmente niños, para solicitar la intervención del dios para que les diera las lluvias ante una larga sequía que duró entre los años de 1454 a 1458 dne.

Ehécatl Quetzalcóatl, fue uno de los dioses que vio el nacimiento del Nanahuatzin convertido en Sol, por ello su templo está mirando al oriente.

Pie de dibujos:
Reconstrucción hipotética del templo. Dibujo Salvador Guilliem y Luisa Domínguez

Escultura en piedra de Ehécatl-Quetzalcóatl

Isométrico central del Complejo Ceremonial dedicado a Ehécatl
Levantamiento: Salvador Guilliem Arroyo
Dibujo: Fernando Botas Vera

English:
The worship to Ehécatl (god of wind), was very important because it was believed that this god could attract rain and favor in the fertility of the land. Due to that, this temple was constructed. If seen from up high you can admire its mixed shaped structure: a circular main body and a rectangular façade with an entrance stairway that is limited by trusses that end at the top in an architectonic element in the shape of a “dice”. On top of this particular building was this god´s chapel along with its shrine that might have had a roof made of hay, wood and other perishable materials.

Right in front of its platform offerings and human sacrifices were found mostly children, to ask for the god’s intervention, seeking to have rain during a long period of drought that lasted somewhere between the years 1454 and 1458.

Ehécatl Quetzalcóatl was one of the gods that saw the birth of the god Nanahuatzin who had just turned into the sun. That is why the temple is facing east.

English translation of captions:
Hypothetical reconstruction of the temple. Drawing by Salvador Guilliem and Luisa Domínguez

Stone sculpture of Ehécatl-Quetzalcóatl

Central isometric of the Ceremonial Complex dedicated to Ehécatl
Production: Salvador Guilliem Arroyo
Drawing: Fernando Botas Vera

(Man-Made Features • Anthropology) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Camp Parapet

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Louisiana, Jefferson Parish, Jefferson
In 1862 Confederate and Louisiana authorities laid out Camp Parapet as a part of the defense lines of New Orleans. The works were designed to protect the city against an attack from the north. After the Federals, coming up from the south, captured New Orleans, Camp Parapet became an important part of the Union defenses. It served also as a training camp for Northern soldiers.

(Forts, Castles • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

John Muir 1838 - 1914

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District of Columbia, Washington
John Muir's enduring legacy is evident in the vast acreage comprising our National Park System and the Worldwide influence of the Sierra Club, created to advocate for the survival of the world's natural resources. Initially driven by his spiritual love for nature and the Wilderness, Muir became a prolific author and influential champion and defender of the natural world. He raised awareness about the fragility of the wilderness and made us mindful that in preserving it we save something greater than ourselves.

“When we try to pick out something by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the universe.”

(Environment) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Camp Parapet

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Louisiana, Jefferson Parish, Jefferson
Part of Civil War fortification which extended from the river northward about 1-3/4 miles past Metairie Rd. Construction began in 1861 by the Confederates and continued after the fall of New Orleans by Union forces which occupied the area with many Negro troops and contraban.

(Forts, Castles • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Camp Parapet

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Louisiana, Jefferson Parish, Jefferson
In 1862 Confederate and Louisiana authorities laid out Camp Parapet as a part of the defense lines of New Orleans. The works were designed to protect the city against an attack from the north. After the Federals, coming up from the south, captured New Orleans, Camp Parapet became an important part of the Union defenses. It served also as a training camp for Northern soldiers.

(Forts, Castles • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Superimposed altars

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Mexico, Distrito Federal, Ciudad de Mexico

Durante la época prehispánica estos altares de barrio eran llamados momztli, donde el pueblo dejaba ofrendas a los dioses. En cada ampliación del Recinto Ceremonial se volvían a construir sus templos y altares, por ello vemos uno debajo y otro sobrepuesto de igual forma.

Los dos altares fueron construidos durante el gobierno de Cuauhtlatoa. El primero fue construido entre los años 1427 y 1434 y el segundo se construyó en el año 1554.

En su interior se localizaron ofrendas compuesta de sahumadores, objetos de madera semejantes a mástiles y diversas objetos de cerámica.

Pie de dibujos:
Mástil de madera localizada al interior del Altar. Foto: Eduardo Contreras G.

Ofrendas localizadas sobre los altares sobrepuestos. Foto: Francisco González Rul

English:
During pre-Hispanic times these neighborhood altars were called momoztli, where the town would leave offerings to their gods. Each time these ceremonial enclosures were extended new temples and altars were built again, that is why the altars can be seen one on top of each other.

The two altars were built during the reign of Cuauhtlatoa. The first one was constructed between the years 1427 and 1434 and the second one was built in 1554.

In its interior, offerings were made up of censers, wooden objects in pole shapes and different ceramic objects were found here.

English translation of captions:
Wooden pole located inside the altar. Photo: Eduardo Contreras G.

Offerings located on top of the superimposed altar. Photo: Francisco González Rul

(Man-Made Features • Anthropology) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Hotel Washington

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District of Columbia, Washington

This structure has been
Recorded by the
Historic American
Buildings Survey
of the United States Department
of Interior for its archives
at the Library of Congress.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Wallace Campbell 1911 - 1998

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District of Columbia, Washington
Wallace Campbell, together with Lincoln Clark and Arthur Ringland, founded Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE) in 1945 to rush lifesaving assistance to the survivors of World War II in Europe and Asia. Over 100 million relief packages were delivered, embedding the phrase “care package” into the American lexicon as a term synonymous with helping people in need. Campbell’s 40-year association with CARE helped it evolve toward a model of self-sufficient programs that create lasting solutions to the problems of poverty.

“Every human being is important and all human beings owe something to their fellow inhabitants of this planet.”

(Charity & Public Work) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Great Seal of the United States

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District of Columbia, Washington
In 1776 the Continental Congress adopted a resolution calling for the creation of a seal for the new nation. In June 1782 the United States Congress approved a design which was manufactured in September of that year. In early 1881 the Department of State selected a new design for the obverse which was made in 1885. 2,000 to 3,000 times a year the seal is used on treaties and other international agreements; proclamations; and commissions of Ambassadors, Foreign Service Officers, and all other civil officers appointed by the President. In addition, we see the seal every day on the back of the one dollar bill.

(Government) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Alexander Dobkins Family Cemetery

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Texas, Tarrant County, Euless
Pioneer area settlers Alexander Dobkins (1815-1869) and his wife Mary (1818-1880) migrated to Texas from Tennessee in 1852. Ordained as a minister in the nearby Bear Creek Baptist Church, Alexander also served as postmaster for the local community of Estill's Station during the Civil War. His grave is the earliest marked at this site, originally part of his 200-acre farm. Also buried here is his son William C. Dobkins (1841-1928), who served the area as a physician, businessman, and civic leader. Other graves include those of family members and friends.

(Settlements & Settlers • Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Dr. Edgar J. Helms

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District of Columbia, Washington
Dr. Edgar J. Helms founded Goodwill Industries in 1902 to help people with disabilities and disadvantages fully participate in society by expanding their occupational capabilities. To accomplish this mission, Helms created an innovative system whereby Goodwill collects used items from the community and sells them in Goodwill stores to fund its employment, training and job placement programs.

“Friends of Goodwill, be dissatisfied with your work until every handicapped and unfortunate person in your community has an opportunity to develop to his fullest usefulness and enjoy a maximum of abundant living”

January 19, 1863 - December 23, 1942

(Charity & Public Work) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Z. Motley Cemetery

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Texas, Dallas County, Mesquite
Zachariah Motley migrated to Texas (1856) from Kentucky with his family and slaves. He and his wife Mary, five sons and three daughters helped settle this area and built their home some 200' northeast of this site, a one-half acre portion of the original homestead bought from the Crittenden Survey. Earliest known burial (1863) was Penelope Motley McLain, a daughter, and the wife of Capt. J.B. McLain. The plot is still in use and is owned and cared for by Motley descendants. Twenty-five known graves include family members and their slaves.

(Settlements & Settlers • Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

James Calhoun Hill

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Texas, Smith County, near Tyler
Migrating in 1840 from Alabama to Texas, James Calhoun Hill led the first permanent settlers into this vicinity. He served on the commission that ran boundaries of Smith County and platted the county seat in 1846. Prospering as a surveyor and planter in the 1850s, he was blind and reduced in means by 1865, when the Civil War ended. In 1874 he donated land to bring a railroad into the county. He and his wife Rebecca Mar Hill had eleven children.

(Settlements & Settlers • Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Tzompantli altar (“flag of heads”) of the south.

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Mexico, Distrito Federal, Ciudad de Mexico

A través del tiempo y en distintos lugares del mundo, ha existido la práctica de exhibir las cabezas de los enemigos como trofeos de guerra. Uno de los pueblos mesoamericanos que más lo hicieron, fueron los mexicas, quienes de acuerdo a las fuentes históricas y arqueológicas, se sabe que acostumbraban exhibir las cabezas de sus adversarios sacrificados, las cuales eran ensartadas en travesaños mediante un agujero que se hacía en las parietales (ambos lados del cráneo).

Durante las exploraciones arqueológicas de 1965 se localizó un conjunto de cráneos humanos perforados por los parietales junto a un Ehecacózcatl (gran caracol cortado) símbolo del Dios Quetzalcóatl.

En Tlatelolco existen dos de estos altares: el Tzompantli del norte y éste, el Tzompantli del Sur.

Pie de dibujos:
Tzompantli del Códice Tovar.

Ejemplo de perforación en cráneo.

Foto: Eduardo Contreras G.

English:
Throughout time and in different parts of the world the practice of exhibiting the heads of enemies as war trophies has existed. One of the many Mesoamerican peoples that mostly did this was the Mexicas, who according to historic and archeologic sources, used to exhibit the heads of their sacrificed enemies. They inserted their heads in a crossbar by making holes on opposite sides of the skulls.

During the archeologic explorations of 1965 a set of skulls were found, all of them with the parietal bones perforated. These were found beside an Ehecacózcatl (large sea shell with a transverse cut) symbol of Quetzalcóatl the god.

In Tlatelolco there are two of these altars: the north Tzompantli and this, the south Tzompantli.

English translation of captions:
Tzompantli from the Tovar Codex.

An example of the perforation of a skull.

Photo: Eduardo Contreras G.

(Man-Made Features • Wars, Non-US • Anthropology) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Omen (Canton) Community

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Texas, Smith County, Troup
Promoters Alexander Douglas, Thomas Weatherby, and Mitus White platted the townsite of Canton in 1850 near the junction of two main roads, one leading to the county seat at Tyler. Although the post office was renamed Clopton in 1852 and the name was changed to Troup in 1854, the village continued to be known as Canton for many years. The first store opened in 1852 and soon the community had a tanyard, blacksmith shop, cabinet and wagon shop, hotel, school, several doctors, churches, and a Masonic Lodge. The 1860 census showed 34 households in the town.

When the International & Great Northern Railroad bypassed Canton in the 1870s, many businesses moved away. In 1880 the town and post office adopted the name Omen. For 30 years, Omen was the location of the Summer Hill Select School, a coeducational boarding school directed by A. W. Orr (1849-1924) of Georgia. This highly-regarded institution drew students from all parts of Texas as well as from out of state.

The closing of the post office in 1906 and the school hastened Omen's decline. Oil discoveries during the 1930s revived the community briefly, but with the depression the population dwindled further and Omen became a rural village.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Palace

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Mexico, Distrito Federal, Ciudad de Mexico

Este edificio fue llamado “El Palacio”. Se trata de una estructura orientada al sur, que tiene una doble escalinata de acceso dividida por un dado central. Sobre su plataforma, había dos enormes columnas que formaban un amplio portal.

En el interior, había un pequeño patio central con un altar y dos habitaciones de cada lado, mismas que estaban unidas por una pequeña banqueta. En la esquina suroeste hay una estructura formada por escalinatas concéntricas que fue llamado “El Baño”; al sureste, había una pequeñas habitación, pero hoy sólo quedan los peldaños de acceso y su piso de fino estuco.

Dadas la pequeñas dimensiones y la ubicación, es muy probable que el edificio estuviera asociado al culto de los dioses del Templo Mayor: Tláloc y Huitzilopochtli.

Pie de dibujos:
Reconstrucción hipotética.

Hoy sólo quedan pocas evidencias de esta construcción, sin embargo por los datos obtenidos durante las diversas investigaciones, se sabe que El Palacio tuvo muros de mampostería recubiertos de una capa de estuco y probablemente pintura mural.

English
This place was called “The Palace”. It’s a building structure to the south that has a double stairway divided by a central die. On its platform there were two enormous columns that formed a wide entrance hall.

Inside its interior, there was a small central patio with an altar and two bedrooms on each side, the same that were connected by a small sidewalk. On the southwest corner lies a structure formed by a concentric staircase that was called “El Baño” (The Bathroom); to the southeast, there was a small room, but today only the entrance stairway and its fine stucco floor remains.

Based on the small dimensions and the location it is very likely that the building was associated to the cult of the gods of the Great Temple (“El Templo Mayor”): Tláloc and Huitzilopochtli.

English translation of captions:
A hypothetical reconstruction.

Today there are few remnants of the construction, however data from different research projects show that The Palace had walls made of stone and rubble covered with stucco that were painted with murals.

(Man-Made Features • Anthropology) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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