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Oregon/California/Mormon Trails

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Wyoming, Natrona County, Casper
From 1840 to 1869, over 350,000 emigrants traveled past this area on the Oregon/California /Mormon Trails. The promise of free land, sudden riches, or religious freedom caused these pioneers to endure great hardships. Thousands of persons died in the quest and are buried along this old pathway.
Only two graves in Natrona County are identified by name as trail dated burials. This is unusual due to the fact that hundreds of persons died while traveling through our county. Drowning, disease, and accidents took a toll in our area, especially between this point and Devil’s Gate.
The peak of migration was in 1852 when 70,000 persons passed this spot, most on their way to the California gold fields. These trails contributed to the largest overland migration in history.

(Settlements & Settlers • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

624 Talbart Street

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California, Contra Costa County, Martinez

Prosser Home
Dutch Colonial built as a
wedding gift for Alice,
daughter of James Rodgers Sr
Granddaughter of the Buckleys

Built 1919

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Sophie Alstrom Mitchell

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California, Napa County, St. Helena

Home of
Sophie Alstrom Mitchell
From 1862 to 1882

An artist
noted for her water color paintings
of California wildflowers

Dedicated April 16, 1988

Napa County Chapter, California Native Plant Society
Napa County Museum Association


(Arts, Letters, Music) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Keepers of the Land!

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California, Calaveras County, West Point

This is a truth about the tragic destruction of a way of life — It happened for only one reason. Our people abandoned so many Indian villages in Calaveras County alone!

The Miwok lived a quiet, simple life, so close to nature they changed with the seasons.

One time the men were many miles away from the village hunting for wild game. They felt a sense of sadness, uneasiness. Something was out of the ordinary. Something was different. Something was strange.

The women and children were down by the river pounding acorns and singing some of their songs. The deer and grey squirrel running past them in panic were the first to signal something was wrong. Suddenly there were strangers standing in the water pointing at shiny yellow stuff and yelling words The People didn't understand.

There was no need for the yellow stuff when all they needed was provided when Creator made this land. The attack on the village came violent and quick — women running and trying to protect their children; seeing some bashed with rocks, some killed with a noisy stick …

The old Hyapo (Chief) wounded and bleeding, heart-broken too see such an ugly sight looked skyward and prayed toward the Heavens. He cried —
Creator, why is this happening?
Creator, this just isn't right!
Creator, look what they've done to my family.
Creator, I'll stand here and fight!

Of course they were out-numbered by many. No mercy towards women, children or the very old. Nothing or no one would stand in their way — these strangers were after gold! Perhaps, if not so consumed with greed, The People might have shown them where to find it or given a helping hand, for Miwok people are caretakers of Mother Earth and Keepers of the Land.

No one is truly dead until they are forgotten.
Let us not forget Uncle Dave Jeff
Keeper of the Language
and Keeper of the
Land
(Bottom panel:)
This is a dedication to Indian People of so long ago …
To the ones that died
the ones sold as slaves,
to the ones stolen away and forced to attend
boarding schools and cut their hair,
never to speak their own language.

This is a dedication to the People who had no choice,
but to learn a whole new way of survival.
If not for you, we wouldn't exist today.
A-Ho

(Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

HOSTAGE: A most painful experience of human suffering

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California, Calaveras County, West Point
All Americans have a partnership in the "ROCK" at West Point, California.

...It's purpose is to demonstrate the solidarity of the American people in their heartfelt concern and compassion for the 53 fellow Americans taken from the U.S. Embassy and held hostage by the Government of Iran.

The "ROCK" as a tribute to the U.S. Military personnel who were wounded or gave their lives in an attempt to rescue our people held in Teheran.

...Our indignation as the people the people of the United States of America of the violation by Iran of all semblance of decency and humanity towards fellow humans.

...The "ROCK" of granite, a symbol of the strength and purpose of all Americans to the Rich and Shining Land we all love. Dated this 181st Day of captivity of the Americans held hostage in Teheran, Iran May 2, 1980.

The hostages were released after being held 444 days. The release co-incited with the ceremony installing as New U.S. President Ronald William Reagan on January 21, 1981.

(Notable Events) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Palo Duro Baptist Church

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Texas, Deaf Smith County, near Wildorado
Palo Duro Baptist Church has its origins in Union School, which was built by settlers around 1893. Area residents held a non-denominational Sunday school in the facility. In 1901, Baptists living in the Palo Duro community, named for the creek that crosses northeastern Deaf Smith County, held a revival at the school. Shortly thereafter, on October 26, 1901, 12 charter members organized Palo Duro Baptist Church. The Rev. J.F. Killman served as pastor for the congregation, which at first met one weekend a month.

In 1905, area pioneers John and Janette Womble offered property for a church building. The congregation completed a structure in 1906, which was paid for by community donations. Methodists also used the new facility. The congregation grew and declined through its early years, reflecting trends in the area’s population. The church was a charter member of the Amarillo Baptist Association, which formed in 1953. In 1954, Palo Duro Baptist Church participated in a televised service at the KGNC television studio in Amarillo.

Palo Duro Baptist Church has a rich history of giving and outreach. In 1960, the congregation began a Spanish mission for Bracero farm workers; after the program ended, the congregation supported Spanish-speaking congregations in Hereford and Amarillo. The church has also aided shut-ins and the elderly through gift baskets, hosted orphans from the Buckner’s Baptist Children’s Home, awarded scholarships to students, worked with children with disabilities, participated in prison ministry, and organized local and foreign missions. Today, Palo Duro Baptist Church continues to be a beacon of light in the Texas Panhandle and throughout the world.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fugitives Drift Memorial

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South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Elandskraal, Rorke's Drift
Upper Marker, Front:For Queen and Country
Jesu Mercy
Upper Marker, Reverse:
In memory of Lt. and Adjt. Teignmoth Melvill and Lt. Neville J. A. Coghill, 1st., 24th. Regiment who died on this spot 22nd. Jan, 1879 to save the Queen's Color of their regiment.

This cross replaces the original, which was damaged beyond repair.
S. A. Wargraves Board - 1973

Lower Marker: In memory of
Lt. and Adjt. T. Melvill, V.C.
and
Lt. N. J. A. Coghill, V. C. The posthumous award of the Victoria Cross was graciously approved by King Edward VII in 1907

The cross adjacent to the lower marker reads the same as the reverse side of the main marker. The base of the cross reads:
This cross was erected over the grave by Sir Bartle Frere in 1879.

(Wars, Non-US) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Five Points Area: A Unique Blend of Communities in 1965

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Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery
Located at the hilltop overlooking Downtown Montgomery, Five Points is an intersection of history and humanity. Here the historic black communities of West Montgomery meet the Cottage Hill neighborhood featuring Montgomery's most preserved Victorian architecture and history.

Following the Civil War, this neighborhood evolved from large mansion homes to more simplified, framed homes inhabited by railway workers, grocers carpenters and laborers. The character of the Five Points neighborhood has also evolved from a privileged homogenous area into a diverse community that combines middle class families, professionals, and an artistic, eccentric segment. This convergence of races cultures, backgrounds, and interests lends Five Points a character unlike other areas of Montgomery.

(African Americans • Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

An Intersection of History: Court Square

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Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery
At the intersection of Commerce Street and Dexter Avenue, Court Square is arguably the most historic location in America. As the center of 19th century Southern economic and political power, Montgomery's Court Square was host to a massive slave market and the location from which the telegram that ignited the Civil War at Fort Sumter was sent.

Less than a century later, Court Square and downtown Montgomery was the epicenter of the civil rights movement, first with the Montgomery Bus Boycott which began December 5, 1955. Ten years later the civil rights struggle and Montgomery's non-violent protests culminated in the Selma To Montgomery March passing through Court Square as the marchers' took the last steps up Dexter Avenue to the state capitol.

This duality of histories is the heart of Montgomery's past. A city with a past as complex, difficult, and important to the American story can often struggle under the weight. Today, Montgomery honors its past all aspects of its history while looking to the future.

(War, US Civil • Civil Rights • African Americans) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Indian Cemetery

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Michigan, Isabella County, Mount Pleasant
In the 1850s, the Methodist Episcopal (Indian) Church established the Bradley Mission School and Indian Cemetery in this area. The cemetery served the mission until the late 1860s. Only a few grave markers are visible and it is not known how many Indians were buried here. The best-known Indian buried here was Chief Shaw-Shaw-Waw-Na-Beece (1817-1868). As leader of the Saginaw Swan Creek and Black River Band of Chippewa, he signed the Treaty of 1855, which set aside six adjoining townships of land in Isabella County for his tribe.

(Native Americans • Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Coleman County

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Texas, Coleman County, near Coleman


Formed from Travis and Brown
counties. Created February 1,
1858, Organized October 6, 1864.

Named in honor of
Robert M. Coleman
1799-1837

A signer of the Declaration
of Independence
A hero of San Jacinto,
Organizer of first company
of Texas Rangers

Coleman approved as county seat
April 28, 1876

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mason County

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Texas, Mason County, Mason
Created January 22, 1858, and organized August 2, 1858, this county was named for its most important settlement, Fort Mason.
     Garrisoned intermittently from July 6, 1851, to March 23, 1869, Fort Mason was named for Lt. G.T. Mason of the United States 2nd Dragoons, killed in Mexican War action on April 25, 1846, near Brownsville. Fort Mason was one of a chain of posts situated a day’s horseback ride apart, from Red River to the Rio Grande, for protecting frontier against Apaches, Comanches, other Indians.
Erected by the State of Texas - 1971

(Forts, Castles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Shields Cemetery

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Texas, Coleman County, near Santa Anna
The first community in this vicinity began as a Baptist church settlement founded in 1900. The vast ranch land of the area was divided into lots beginning about 1905. Early settlers called the community “Double Gates” because there were two gates on the road between the nearby towns of Coleman and Brady. A watering hole near the road also attracted travelers.
     L.L. Shield built a general store and post office, and the community was named for him. The infant son of J.T. and L.A. (Dillingham) Gilbreath died in June 1908 and became the first person to be interred on land set aside for a Shield community cemetery. One acre of land including the grave was donated to County Judge T.J. White, trustee, in December of that year. The cemetery gradually took on the name Shields.
     The earliest graves here are a testimony to the difficulty of pioneer life: almost half the 37 people interred during the first ten years of the cemetery’s operation were children younger than three years of age. Two more were teenagers and four were under the age of twenty-five. Only one person more than fifty years of age was buried during this period: Susan Winkler McGinnis Godwin died in 1913 at age eighty-two.
     Veterans of the Civil War, World War I, World War II, and the Korean War are interred here. Six graves in the northwest corner of the cemetery are believed to be those of Catholic Mexican Americans.
     The Shield community thrived for a time, and many of its most influential citizens are interred on this site. Though the community declined after World War II, Shields Cemetery remains as a chronicle of its people.

(Settlements & Settlers • Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Balnuaran of Clava

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United Kingdom, Scotland, Inverness-shire,, Inverness

The monuments here were built between three and four thousand years ago.

The oldest are a circular walled enclosure - the central 'ring cairn' and two 'passage graves.' The latest was a ring of boulders that enclosed a grave, the 'kerb cairn.' Such Bronze Age monuments are a feature of the inner Moray Firth and as these are the best preserved examples, they are known as 'Clava cairns.'

Recent excavations and research here have revealed a startling new complexity to the construction of these cairns.
Our attention has been drawn to the characteristics of the architecture. These reflect the esteem in which the builders held the light of the sun and the colour, shape and texture of stones. It was discovered that each tomb was short lived and may have housed very few bodies - possibly only one - and that these were not accompanied by any offerings that survive today. As a tomb went out of use it was surrounded by a ring of standing stones. In around 1,000 BC the cemetery was reused and further monuments were constructed.

What you are able to see now was originally part of a much larger cemetery which extended eastwards towards the Nairn Viaduct (behind you).
In the 1870's the monuments were interpreted as druids' temples and, in keeping with Victorian romanticism, the owner planted a grove of trees enclosing the three largest monuments. In the opposite direction, are the remains of part of another cemetery which can be visited at Milton of Clava. This is shown on the map and is 10 minutes away by foot.

You can visit another 'Clava cairn' at Corrimony, to the west of Loch Ness, and the contemporary cemetery at Kilmartin in Argyll. A leaflet to accompany your visit is available from Fort George or can be downloaded from www.historic-scotland.govuk.

caption
The distribution of passage graves and ring cairns in northern Scotland.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lange's Mill

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Texas, Gillespie County, near Doss
Established in 1849 by Doss brothers. Operated 1859-1878 by William F. Lange; 1878-1888 by Julius Lange. Its products were famed throughout the region. One of the last of the old burr mills in Texas; one of few in as perfect a state of preservation. Near by on a cliff are Indian pictographs.

(Native Americans • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

St. Peter Lutheran Church

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Texas, Gillespie County, Doss
Organized by German Lutherans in September 1896 under a brush arbor at nearby Lange’s Mill, this church has been part of Gillespie County history for over 100 years. A frame church building erected in 1898 was replaced by this Gothic Revival structure in 1912-1913. Built by church members using native limestone, the building features a central projecting bell tower and pressed metal steeple with cross, stone quoins, and arched Gothic windows.
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark - 1988

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Squaw Creek Primitive Baptist Church

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Texas, Gillespie County, near Doss
Ten charter members constituted Squaw Creek Primitive Baptist Church in 1901, and Elder S.N. Redford served as pastor from 1901 until 1907. Services were held in homes and in the Squaw Creek School until 1911, when members began meeting in the Bethel Missionary Baptist Church building, which they purchased in 1924. New facilities were constructed over time to meet the congregation’s needs. A brush arbor at the rear of the property sheltered meetings of the Friendship Association of Primitive Baptists. Meetings began in 1963 on the third weekend in July. The Squaw Creek church continues to serve the Doss Valley and Primitive Baptists across the state.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lohn Cemetery

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Texas, McCulloch County, Lohn
German native Boi Albert Cornils immigrated as a young adult to this area in 1884 and wed another young immigrant, Bertha Lembke. The couple settled on ranchland east of Lohn and reared five children. In 1896, they deeded five acres for a free public school adjacent to a community burial ground on their property. Several unmarked graves may predate the first recorded burial, that of Heinrich Rudolph (d. 1883). A cemetery association formed in 1972 to oversee maintenance. Today, with several hundred graves, including many veterans, the cemetery preserves the history of Lohn and its residents.
Historic Texas Cemetery - 2002

(Settlements & Settlers • Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Bethel M.E. Church

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Texas, Mason County, near Mason


Built 1862. Second church of any faith in Mason County. Housed first school in the county.
Recorded Texas Historic Landmark - 1965

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Rededication of El Centro Mexicano Plaque

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California, Sacramento County, Sacramento

First panel:
The Comité Centro Mexicano commemorates the same respect and sense of equality dictated by this historical plaque. With great honor we re-dedicate it in honor of all humanity on this date.

From 1948 to 1975, El Centro Mexicano, adjacent to Southside Park at 2216 6th Street, was the primary community center for Sacramento's population of Mexican descent.

El Comité Centro Mexicano conmemora el mismo respeto y sentido de igualidad dictados en esta placa histórica. Con gran honor rededicamos a toda la humanidad en esta fecha.

Robert Fong, Sacramento City Council · Lisa C. Prince, Citizen · Sergio E. Betancourt, Citizen · Paul Trudeau, Citizen · Nemesio Tony Ortiz, Citizen

Second Panel (Original Plaque):

Centro Mexicano de Sacramento
Dedicado a la cultura y bienestar social de la colonia mexicana del valle de Sacramento (Proyecto Original del Comité Pro-Hogar Mexicano, 1938)

Arquitecto. L.F. Starks. · Contratista, F.W Clark. Se comenzó la obra el 5 de Mayo de 1948. Se inauguró el 14 de Agosto del mismo año, siendo

Consul De Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos
Adolfo G. Dominguez
A cuyo esfuerzo personal se debe este edificio
———
Formaban la mesa directiva:
Manuel Rey, Presidente · Luis Navarro, Vicepresidente · Agustin Ornelas, Secretario · Alberto Gonzalez, Tesorero
vocales
Jesus Bribiescas · Antonio Gaitan · Valentin Martinez
Placa donada por Southern Pacific Co.

English translation of the dedication on the second plaque:

Dedicated to the cultural and social welfare of the Mexican community of the Sacramento Valley.



(Fraternal or Sororal Organizations • Hispanic Americans) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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