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Platte Bridge Cemetery

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Wyoming, Natrona County, Casper
You may be surprised that no one is buried under these stone markers. They represent some of the soldiers who died while stationed at Platte Bridge Station (Fort Caspar). The army removed the bodies originally located here and reinterred them at Fort D. A. Russell in 1899.
In 1926, members of the Civilian Conservation Corps unearthed three skeletons while working at this site. These bodies were reburied under the large monument to your left.
It is almost certain that other people are buried on the fort grounds. During the days of the great emigration along the Oregon Trail, this area served as a pioneer cemetery.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The War Between the States

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Arkansas, Benton County, Bella Vista

The immediate cause of the War Between the States was the election of Abraham Lincoln to the Presidency of the United States in 1860. The deeper cause, however, was the issue of states' rights. The question of states' rights was based on the belief that the United States was a union of independent commonwealths, and that the general government was merely their agent. Thus, when matters could not be resolved, the South felt free to assert their independence and form a new government. The North, however, assumed that Federal Government to be supreme, believed the Union to be one and inseparable, and secession to be a violation of the national compact.

In 1861 Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter, South Carolina, igniting a war between the states. Heavy casualties in the early battles of the war shattered both sides' illusions that the war would end swiftly. Lincoln ennobled the war in 1863 when he issued the Emancipation Proclamation. The proclamation did not free any slaves immediately, but it gave the war a high moral purpose.

The two most decisive actions of the war occurred in July 1863. The battle of Gettysburg began on July 1 when Confederate forces encountered Union cavalry near the sleepy Pennsylvania town. The three-day battle produced staggering losses: 23,000 Union men and 28,000 Confederates were killed or wounded. After the battle, the Confederates gave up any hopes of invading the North and turned back to Virginia. While the Army of the Potomac was destroying Confederate hopes at Gettysburg, Union forces fought to gain control of the Mississippi River by laying siege to the Confederate stronghold at Vicksburg, Mississippi. The Confederacy would never recover from the loss at Gettysburg or the surrender of Vicksburg.

After four years of bloody warfare, the recognized end of the war came with the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia to Union forces at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, in April 1865.
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The Gettysburg Address
November 19, 1863

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
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[Image captions read]
The Twentieth Maine - Gettysburg
The Fourth Alabama - Manassas
The Ninth Illinois - Shiloh

[Map title reads]
"America Bares her Soul in the Great War Between the States"

(War, US Civil • Patriots & Patriotism) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Comerica Incorporated

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Michigan, Wayne County, Detroit
This plaque is issued by the Historical Society of Michigan in recognition of Comerica Incorporated founded in 1849 for more than 100 years of service to the people of Michigan and for contribution to the economic growth and vitality of our state.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Shiloh Baptist Church

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Virginia, Alexandria

Alexandria, occupied by Union troops during the Civil War, became a refuge for African Americans escaping slavery. Before the war ended, about 50 former slaves founded the Shiloh Society, later known as Shiloh Baptist Church. Members held services in U.S. government buildings until Sept. 1865, when their new frame church on West Street was dedicated. The congregation flourished under the leadership of the Rev. Leland Warring, pastor for more than 20 years. The brick Gothic Revival sanctuary was completed here in 1895. Prominent visitors have included Rep. John Mercer Langston, Dr. Dorothy Height, and Pres. George W. Bush.

(Churches, Etc. • Notable Persons • War, US Civil • African Americans) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Michigan Masonic Home

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Michigan, Gratiot County, Alma
In November 1885 the Michigan Masonic Home Association was established to raise funds for a home and health care facility for aged Masons. In 1891 Michigan's first Masonic Home, located on Reed's Lake near Grand Rapids, was opened. When fire destroyed it in 1910, Alma businessman and philanthropist Ammi W. Wright donated the former Alma Sanitarium as a replacement. The Masons used that structure for twenty years. In 1929 the Masons began construction of a new home on this 116-acre site. The first residents moved into the new facility in 1931. Since 1931 several additions have combined to create this diverse residential and nursing care facility operated by the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Michigan.

(Fraternal or Sororal Organizations • Charity & Public Work) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Old Parsonage

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New Jersey, Morris County, East Hanover
Built as Parsonage for Hanover Presbyterian Church. Jacob Green, pastor 1748-1790. Politic activist, teacher, and Princeton Trustee lived here during part of his pastorate.

(Churches, Etc. • Colonial Era) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Village of Whippany

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New Jersey, Morris County, Whippany
Located along the banks of the Whippanong River. Whippany played an active role in the Revolutionary War and in the 19th century was an important milltown.

(Colonial Era • Industry & Commerce • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Melville Mill

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New Jersey, Morris County, Whippany
Site of the known beginning of the continuous paper-making industry in Hanover Township. Started by Charles Marre, who came from England in 1791.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Craftsman Farms

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New Jersey, Morris County, Morris Plains
Self-contained community built by Gustav Stickley. Designer of mission style furniture and leader in arts and crafts movement in America between 1898-1915.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Old Pioneer Military Cemetery

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Wyoming, Natrona County, Casper
Lt. Caspar Collins was killed July 26, 1865 about three miles from this spot. His body was removed by relatives to his old home in Hillsboro, Ohio. Bodies of soldiers killed from 1858 to 1867 were reburied at Fort D. A. Russell in 1899. Some still interred here are unknown. The roster shows of 103 men. 92 were under 23 years of age. Lt. Collins was not yet 21. Casper was named after Caspar Collins.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Site of Fort Casper

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Wyoming, Natrona County, Casper
U.S. Military Post
On the Oregon
Trail
Established 1858
Rebuilt 1865
Enlarged 1866
Troops Withdrawn 1867
Burned by Indians 1867
Restored by City of Casper
1936

(Forts, Castles) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Battle of Red Buttes

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Wyoming, Natrona County, Casper
A desperate battle to save a supply train ended tragically the same day as the Battle at Platte Bridge. Sgt. Amos Custard and his men were bringing five supply wagons from the Sweetwater Station near Independence Rock. The group came into view of Platte Bridge Station from the direction of Red Buttes about noon on July 26, 1865.
Unaware of the morning’s skirmish, Custard barely had time to assume a defensive position when a large group of Indians attacked. The 4-hour battle ended when the Indians overran the soldier’s position.
The next day a detachment from Platte Bridge Station found the bodies of Sgt. Custard and 20 of his men. The only survivors were three of the five men on advance patrol from the supply train who made their way here to safety.

(Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Alma College

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Michigan, Gratiot County, Alma
On October 26, 1886, the Presbyterian Synod of Michigan accepted an offer by Ammi W. Wright of Alma of thirty acres of land, containing two buildings, and a gift of $50,000 from Alexander Folsom of Bay City, for the purpose of establishing Alma College. The Synod had resolved: "We will, with God's help, establish and endow a college within our bounds." A charter was granted by the state of Michigan, April 15, 1887. Classes began September 12, 1887. In the first year there were 95 students and nine faculty members. Here the Presbyterian Church has fostered the pursuit of learning to the glory of God and to the dignity of men.

(Education) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Battle at Platte Bridge

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Wyoming, Natrona County, Casper
Early on the morning of July 26, 1865 Lt. Caspar Collins led a troop of men to reinforce an army supply train coming into Platte Bridge Station. Only a mile west of the post, the group was ambushed by members of the Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapahoe nations.
The Indians were anxious to avenge the losses they sustained at the Sand Creek Massacre the previous year. They hoped to destroy Platte Bridge Station in this attack.
The Indian force heavily outnumbered the group led by Collins. During the retreat, four men were killed including the twenty-year-old lieutenant.
The Army renamed Platte Bridge Station in honor of the young hero. Since a new post in Colorado had recently been named in honor of Caspar Collins’ father, Col. W.O. Collins, the name Fort Caspar was chosen.

(Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Mormon Ferry

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Wyoming, Natrona County, Casper
“….A Company have gone back about three miles to make two canoes on which they intend to build a boat to be used here till the next company comes up. Another company also went about half a mile up the river to make slabs or puncheons to lay on the canoes. A while before dark the brethren returned from below with two good canoes twenty-five feet long each and nearly finished and ready to put together…” -- William Clayton, 1847

“…I was called to go with 16 or 18 others down the river in search of Timber for Canoes, as the President said he was tired of experimenting with Raft after going about 3 miles we found two cottonwood trees near together of which we constructed two canoes 23 feet long, put them on the Wagons & hauled them up to camp at night…” Norton Jacob, 1847

“….Meantime a set of hands was busy preparing two canoes, two and a half feet in diameter and 23 feet long, which, when coupled about five feet apart with cross timber covered with puncheons and manned with oars, made a boat with which three men could cross a wagon with its load…” -- Erastus Snow, 1847

“….at first tried the plan of floating our wagons by extending ropes down the river and attaching them to the end of the tongue, but the current would roll them over as if they were nothing but a log, wheels and bows appearing alternately upon the surface of the water, and two lashed together by means of poles placed under them shared the same fate… The plan was abandoned as being too dangerous. The next plan was to try small rafts, but the difficulty of polling a raft in so deep and swift water was such that the wind, aiding the current, would not infrequently sweep them down from one to two miles before it would be possible to make the other shore… In attempting to drag rafts across the current with ropes, the current would draw them under… Prest. Young stript himself and went to work with all his strength, assisted by the Dr. and brethren, and made a first rate White Pine and White Cotton Wood Raft… The new raft was in operation all day and worked well…” -- Wilford Woodruff, 1847

“…to the upper crossing of the Platte River. Here we had considerable trouble as the river was very high and rapid… It was decided to make two large canoes and lash them together for a ferry boat… We selected two large trees, three feet through. Of these we made two large canoes, 30 feet long. We then cut two other trees and hewed them down to two inches thick and straightened the edges, making planks of them 14”wide and 30’ long… We then ran it across the river, which was quickly and easily done. In this way, the wagons were all soon over; the stock we swam across…” -- Lewis Barney1847

“The boats were managed by means of large ropes stretched across the stream, then with pulley blocks working on the before named rope, then guy ropes attached to each end of the boat and to the two blocks with pulleys, then drop one end of the boat so that the force of the current pressing against it will push the boat across, then reverse the process and the boat will recross in about five minutes,” -- Jesse W. Crosby, 1850 *Ferry reconstruction by members of the
Casper Stake
of the
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

(Roads & Vehicles • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Friar Bartolomé de las Casas

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Guatemala, Sacatepéquez, Antigua Guatemala

Fray Bartolome de las Casas
Primer Vicario del convento
de Santo Domingo de esta
Metropoli y segundo Obispo
de Chiapas_Ynsigne Varon,
Primer escritor de la
Antigua Ciudad de Guatemala
Protector de los Yndios_
Escribió: 1a Apologética
Historica de las Calidades
de las gentes de las Yndias
2a Historia general de las
Yndias 3a De la Destruccion
de las Yndias. 4a De Unico
Vocationis Modo y algunas
otras obras que se perdieron
Nació el año de 1474
y Murió el año de 1566,
En el convento de Nuestra
Señora de Atocha, España
a los 92 Años de edad

English translation:
Friar Bartolomé de las Casas
First Vicar of the Convent of Santo Domingo of this metropolis and second Bishop of Chiapas. Most distinguished gentleman, he was the first author of Antigua Guatemala. Defender of the Indians. He wrote: 1a Apologética Historica de las Calidades de las gentes de las Yndias, 2a Historia general de las Yndias 3a De la Destrucción de las Yndias. 4a De Unico Vocationis Modo and many other works which are lost to history. He was born in 1474 and died in 1566 at 92 years of age, in the Convent of Our Lady of Atocha, Spain.

(Colonial Era • Civil Rights • Peace) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fort Worth and Denver City Railway

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Texas, Potter County, Amarillo
Pioneered transportation in the old buffalo and Indian frontier and the open-range cattle empire. Organized by Fort Worth citizens. Although chartered by the Texas Legislature on May 26, 1873, the actual building was delayed by the money panic of 1873.

Under General G.M. Dodge, civil engineer who had built several major lines, grading began in 1881 at Hodge, near Fort Worth. Despite the 1882 repeal of the Texas Land Grant Act, private capital was able to push rails northwestward at intervals. Numerous towns, including Amarillo (in 1887) began as camps of the crews building grade and laying the tracks.

On March 14, 1888, connection was made with rails of the Denver, Texas and Fort Worth Railroad (now Colorado and Southern) at Union Park, near Folsom, N. Mex. This completed the through route to Denver. In 1908 the Fort Worth and Denver City became a part of the Burlington System; in 1951 the name was changed to Fort Worth and Denver Railway Company.

Ever since its beginning, this railroad has been backed by men with unlimited faith in the destiny of the Texas Panhandle. It has advanced the economy based on cattle, grain, petroleum, and manufacturing.

(Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Amarillo Livestock Auction

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Texas, Potter County, Amarillo
Established to serve the first permanent industry in the Texas Panhandle--ranching. Now famed for handling more cattle than any other commission auction company in the United States.

The years 1874-1878 saw Indians expelled, buffalo herds exterminated, and ranches established in the region. Longhorns were trailed to Dodge City for shipment. After railroads came, ranchmen rode the cattle trains to care for herds en route to market.

Railroad construction across the Texas Panhandle in 1887 established Amarillo as the largest rural cattle shipping point in the nation (1892-1897).

More efficient handling began in 1904 with the founding by O.H. Nelson, Al Popham, and associates of the Western Stockyards, predecessor of Amarillo Livestock Auction. This livestock commission market opened in 1935 with the sale of 36 cattle and 21 horses by Jack Coulter, Auctioneer, and Virgil Light, Manager. In 1940 Jay Taylor and Eddie Johnson bought the Western Stockyards and constructed the present sales ring, incorporated 1945 as Amarillo Livestock Auction Company. Marketing was revolutionized.

Annual sales exceed 400,000 cattle valued at more than $78,000,000.

(Railroads & Streetcars • Animals) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Gregg Trail

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Texas, Potter County, Amarillo
This is a three sided marker
Side A:
Adventure
Gregg Trail

Josiah Gregg (1806 1850), prompted by ill health, set out with a caravan from Independence, Missouri, for Santa Fe, New Mexico, on May 15, 1831. During a period of nine years he made frequent journeys to Santa Fe. Greggs route took him across Oklahoma and the Panhandle of Texas north of the Canadian River. On a return journey from Santa Fe to Van Buren, Arkansas, in 1840, he sought a route south of the Canadian. On March 14, he camped at the spot now known as Wild Horse Lake in the north part of present Amarillo. His route on March 15, as he left Wild Horse Lake, probably crossed the site of this monument.

Side B:
Courage
The Forty – Niners

Greggs account in his “Commerce of the Prairies” perhaps caused this route to be followed in 1849 by many California-bound emigrant trains, one of which was escorted by troops under the command of Captain R.B. Marcy. Deep ruts, still visible in many places, mark the heavy travel of the courageous Forty-Niners along this trail.

Side C:
Aspirations
Palo Duro Youth

With the spirit of adventure and the courage of Josiah Gregg and the Forty-Niners, the Palo Duro High School youth dedicate themselves to meet the challenge of new social, economic, political, and spiritual frontiers.

(Roads & Vehicles • Exploration) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Wild Horse Lake

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Texas, Potter County, Amarillo
At various times this playa lake served as a reliable water source for buffalo, wild horses, nomadic Native Americans, explorers, cattle drivers, traders, and pioneers traversing the high plains. The lake area, also called Amarillo Lake, became the original townsite of Amarillo in 1887. Frequent flooding caused the town's relocation to higher ground one mile east of here by 1890. Amarillo developed there to become the cattle and agricultural railroad shipping center of the Texas high plains region. Modern development has diverted the lake's natural drainage system and reduced its size.

(Roads & Vehicles • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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